60Co gamma irradiation-induced mutation in vegetatively propagated Philodendron erubescens 'Gold'.

Abstract Philodendron erubescens 'Gold', an ornamental plant and a popular climber with brilliant greenish yellow leaves, is used in indoor gardening and landscaping. It is commonly propagated through vegetative cuttings, thus incorporation of new traits through conventional breeding is impracticable. As commercial floriculture always demands novel varieties, this study was carried out to induce mutation in P. erubescens 'Gold' leaves using gamma- ray irradiation. Rooted cuttings (n = 200) of P. erubescens 'Gold' were subjected to 70 Gy, 100 Gy and 150 Gy gamma-rays and recovered on a propagator. Surviving shoots were transferred to pots. Regenerated shoots were multiplied vegetatively and ten M1 lines were maintained as M1-1 to M1-10 for 12 generations (M1V12) to evaluate growth and morphological variations along with their genetic stability. Of all 70 Gy and 100 Gy treated cuttings, 24 and two, respectively, survived after 6 months. Most of the irradiated plants had lost regeneration ability except for two M1 plants, which also showed comparatively reduced growth (one leaf in 45 days). Only one regenerated M1 plant showed morphological variation in its leaves and it was multiplied and maintained as lines. Several variations, including characteristics of leaves (shape, size, colour), stems (internodal length and branching) and plant stature, were observed among M1 lines and in subsequent vegetative generations. Leaves had three different colour patches, but neither the colour nor its distribution pattern was uniform or stable. The M1-4 line showed the highest stability of colour distribution in leaves; the colour composition of its leaves ranged as 0-10% dark bluish green, 60-90% strong yellow green and 10-30% brilliant greenish yellow throughout the 12 generations. This study demonstrates that gamma irradiated P. erubescens 'Gold' line M1-4 can be a promising mutant to develop as a new Philodendron cultivar.

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The Effects of Gamma-ray Irradiation to Strawberry (Fragaria*ananassa Duch.) Calli on Shoot Regeneration, Achene Formation and Morphological Variations of Regenerants.

Engei Gakkai zasshi ◽

10.2503/jjshs.71.419 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 419-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Masakazu Kasumi

Keyword(s):

Shoot Regeneration ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Fragaria Ananassa ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Gamma Ray Irradiation

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Impact of mutant varieties in Malaysia: challenges and future perspectives for mutation breeding.

10.1079/9781789249095.0007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 65-75

Author(s):

Rusli Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Nuclear Research ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

High Yield ◽

Research Centre ◽

New Variety ◽

Substantial Progress ◽

Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽

Gamma Irradiated

Abstract Malaysia has made substantial progress in plant mutation breeding with the use of nuclear techniques and related biotechnologies, not only in the development of new mutant varieties but also in the establishment of an excellent nuclear research centre. A total of 53 mutant varieties have been developed, including rice Oryza sativa (19), banana Musa acuminata (one), groundnut Arachis hypogaea (two), orchid Dendrobium 'Sonia' (six), chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum morifolium (seven), hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (three), roselles Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (three) and other ornamental and landscaping plants (12). Most of the new ornamental varieties have been developed by both acute and chronic gamma-ray irradiation of seeds, rooted cuttings, bulbs and tissue cultures. Food crops that have an economic impact on sustainable agricultural production are mutant varieties of banana ('Novaria') and rice (MRQ74, MR219-9 and MR219-4). 'Novaria' is a selection made from a mutant, 'GN-60A', of 'Grande Naine' (AAA Musa) identified from gamma-ray treated populations of the Biotechnology Laboratory in Seibersdorf, Austria. 'Novaria' was the first mutant variety, officially released in 1995 by the Malaysian Nuclear Agency as a new variety for its improved characteristics such as early flowering, short stature and high yield. MRQ74 is a type of high-quality fragrant rice with newly induced traits such as resistance to blast, long and slender grain shape, non-sticky and with the elongation properties of cooked rice similar to those of Basmati-type rice. It is an indirect mutant variety released in 2003 and one of its parental lines for cross-breeding was the mutant 'Mahsuri', which was developed through mutation breeding using gamma-rays. In 2014, two new mutant varieties of rice, 'MR219-9' and 'MR219-4', which are drought tolerant, high yielding and resistant to blast, were selected from gamma irradiated material. Despite these achievements, applications of induced mutation have decreased during the past 10 years due to reduced funding. Mutation breeding is still a promising technique for the development of novel varieties which in combination with advanced molecular genetics can bring plant mutation breeding into a new era.

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Morfologi Mutan Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Pada Cekaman Kering

Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan ◽

10.29244/jintp.19.2.59-65 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 59-65

Author(s):

Desima Natalia Harianja ◽

P D M H Karti ◽

I Prihantoro

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Selection ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

The Face ◽

Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Gamma Irradiated

Alfalfa in dry stress conditions cannot grow optimally. Drought inhibits growth and reduces alfalfa production in many cultivation systems. Plants breeding with gamma-ray irradiation and in vitro selection using PEG found somaclonal variants adapted to grow well in drought conditions. This study aims to determine the type of mutation with the best morphology in dry stress conditions. Alfalfa mutants resulting from gamma irradiation were sub-cultured in vitro. Alfalfa mutants cultured in PEG medium, according to treatments. This experiment used completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors, namely the gamma-ray irradiation doses (0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 and 500 Gy), and PEG concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ). The variables observed were viability, plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, medium shrinkage, leaf wilting, and leaf color. The results showed that the gamma-irradiated mutant had a better (p<0.05) morphology than the control (0 Gy) in the face of dry stress conditions. Combination of 500 Gy and 20% PEG concentration resulted the best type of mutant. Key words: alfalfa, in vitro, gamma rays, PEG

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Morphological Variations in Buddleia Induced by Gamma Ray Irradiation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.1.81 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 81-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wenhao Dai ◽

Victoria Magnusson

Keyword(s):

Gamma Rays ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Flower Color ◽

Shoot Tips ◽

Mutation Induction ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Gamma Ray Irradiation

Buddleia species is commonly used as a perennial for landscaping as a result of its heavy flowers and long bloom period. However, this species has a few concerns such as lack of flower color, excessive growth, and an invasive nature. Attempts to improve Buddleia using conventional breeding methods have resulted in limited success. In this study, mutagenesis by gamma ray irradiation was used to induce genetic variations. In vitro shoot tips of two Buddleia cultivars, B. davidii ‘Potters Purple’ and Buddleia ‘Lochinch’, were exposed to 0 to 150 Gy gamma rays and then recovered in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.5 μM benzyladenine (BA). Shoots that recovered from the gamma ray treatment were rooted in half-strength MS medium with 0.5 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and grown in the greenhouse. The growth of shoot tips was inhibited after they were exposed to gamma rays. An average of 50.8% of shoots treated with 50 Gy gamma rays were recovered, whereas only 9.7% and 6.5% of shoots recovered when exposed to 100 and 150 Gy gamma rays, respectively. After transfer to the greenhouse, a few plants showed reduced growth with some dying before they reached the flowering stage. Various variations including characteristics of leaves (shape, size, hairs), stems (shape, internode length, branching), flowers (color, size, and structure), and plant stature were observed. This research demonstrates that in vitro mutation induction using gamma ray irradiation could be a useful protocol to develop new cultivars or genetic materials for further breeding of Buddleia or other related species.

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The morphological diversity of Chrysanthemum resulted from gamma ray irradiation

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 463-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

EMI SUSILA ◽

ARI SUSILOWATI ◽

AHMAD YUNUS

Keyword(s):

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Stem Length ◽

Mutation Induction ◽

Market Demand ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Color Changes ◽

Gamma Ray Irradiation

Abstract. Susila E, Susilowati A, Yunus A. 2019. The morphological diversity of Chrysanthemum resulted from gamma ray irradiation. Biodiversitas 20: 463-467. Chrysanthemum is a popular ornamental plant. The high market demand makes breeders develop new cultivars to meet market preferences. One way to get superior varieties of Chrysanthemum is by using gamma ray mutation induction which will increase the morphological variations. The purpose of this study is to determine the Chrysanthemum’s morphological diversity resulted from gamma irradiation through morphological markers. This experimental research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, i.e. radiation doses: 0 Gy (control), 10 Gy, 15 Gy, and 20 Gy. The observations were carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 and the NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) 2.02 program. The results showed that increasing the dose of gamma irradiation inhibited plant growth. Irradiation at 10 Gy and 20 Gy produced the most color changes in flowers compared to other doses. The basic color of 0 Gy irradiation is purple. Irradiation at 10 Gy and 20 Gy produced dark purple and deep red. Quantitative data showed that the treatment of gamma ray irradiation significantly affected the leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, stem length, and diameter of flowers. The irradiation also caused changes in shape and texture of the leaves. The dendrogram showed that 20 Gy irradiation resulted the most diverse morphology compared to the control, 10 Gy and 15 Gy.

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Employing Gamma Ray Irradiated Giardia lamblia as Trialed Vaccine in Experimental Animal

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.9.2.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Amal Kamil Abdul Sada ◽

Amany Mohamed Al-Kaysi

Keyword(s):

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Age Groups ◽

Active Phase ◽

Study Groups ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Gamma Irradiated

This is an experimental trial to prepare a vaccine from gamma-irradiated Giardia lamblia which is evaluated in experimental animals. The study was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016. The field survey of the parasite was conducted from those patients attending the laboratories of the Alawi Children's Hospital in Rusafa and the Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Karkh, through which 1250 stool samples of different age groups were examined. Five groups of mice were used in the study; the first was injected with normal saline and considered as a negative control group, the second was injected with cystic form of non-irradiated Giardia lamblia and considered as a positive control group, whereas the other three groups were injected with gamma irradiated Giardia lamblia at three different doses 10, 15 and 25 rad respectively. Giardia lamblia was primarily cultivated in liver infusion agar for ten days to obtain the active phase. On the sixth day, the cystic phase was purified and standardized to be used in the infection of mice with or without the exposure of gamma rays. Mice showed high sensitivity to parasitic infestation, in the gamma non-irradiated and the irradiated with gamma 10 rad, and 15 rad irradiated groups which was 100%. The results expressed an excystation process of the depleted phases and the release of the feeder phases. The results of the three irradiated groups consisted of histopathological changes of the small, and the rectum by dissection after two weeks of infection, with intestine amputation lesions, as well as ulceration and inflammation of the inflammatory cells represented in small numbers of neutrophil, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The presence of ulceration and fall of epithelial cells in the intestinal cavity has been shown, and different forms of the parasite have been observed. Mice which was injected with irradiated G lamblia at high dose (25 rad), not show and sensitivity to the challenge infection and no excystation of thy parasite had been done. After 2 wreaks, a comparison was achieved between all study groups in which no histopathological changes were noticed in the mice irradiated with dose of25 rad. After another two weeks, a challenge dose was given (un-attenuated G lamblia) and mice were dissected after another two weeks, no changes on the level of histopathology of intestinal tissue were noticed the results suggested that mice acquire an immunity against the parasite infection.

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