Long-term effect of selection for litter size and feeding programme on the performance of reproductive rabbit does 2. Lactation and growing period

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quevedo ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
M. Baselga ◽  
J. J. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Long Term Effect

AbstractA total of 166 crossbred does were used to study the possible long-term effect of two types of crossbred does (H1v.H2, old and current generations, respectively) from the cross of different generations of lines selected for litter size, the use of a rearing programme based on a low-energy diet, and the administration of a high-energy diet during reproductive life, on the performance and body condition of lactating rabbit does and their litters until slaughter. The body condition of the reproductive rabbit does increased in the successive cycles to the fourth parturition, being maintained from this moment on. Animals more selected for litter size at weaning presented a greater food intake (+3%;P<0·05) and milk yield (+6%;P<0·05) during the first 21 days of lactation, which could be related to greater maternal aptitude. The difference in the weight of pups at slaughter time (+24 g for H2 respect to H1 pups) was one third lower than that expected from the generation response of the paternal line (0·45 g/day), perhaps related to the different enteropathy incidence depending on the genetic type. The use of a high-energy diet during the reproduction period increased the milk yield (+22%;P<0·05) of does, as the growth (+16 g at weaning day;P<0·05) and survival index (+2%;P<0·05) of the litters during lactation, but could produce a more sudden weaning of pups as a consequence of their lower pre-weaning food intake (−42%;P<0·05), which has been related with a greater health risk index during the growing period (+4·2%;P<0·05). Reproductive does given a high fibre diet during the rearing period (from 3 kg live weight to 28th day of the first pregnancy) reached parturition with a higher live weight than does that received a moderate energy diet restricted during this same period (+142 g;P<0·05). All other parameters controlled for the lactating does and their litters were not affected by the type of diet received during the rearing period. Females that were not effectively mated at first AI (11 dayspost partum) showed a greater increase in their perirenal fat thickness between partum and the 11th day of lactation than those lactating females that showed an effective mating (+0·22v.+0·37 mm, respectively;P<0·05).

A comparison of the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on the feeding behaviour of sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
A.M. Sibbald
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Single Meal

Voluntary food intake is generally inversely related to body condition or fatness in mature sheep (Foot, 1972). Since the intake of pelleted diets by housed sheep consists of a number of discrete feeding bouts or 'meals' (e.g. Bermudez et al., 1989), the relatively long-term effect of body condition on intake will be achieved through changes in feeding behaviour at the level of a single meal. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on meal patterns in sheep, to investigate the mechanism by which body condition influences daily food intake.

Long-term effect of selection for litter size and feeding programme on the performance of reproductive rabbit does 1. Pregnancy of multiparous does

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quevedo ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
M. Baselga ◽  
J. J. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Medium Energy ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Low Energy Diet

AbstractA total of 166 crossbred does were used to study the possible long term effect of two types of crossbred does (H1 v. H2, old and current generations, respectively) from the cross of different generations of lines selected for litter size, the use of a feeding programme based on a low-energy diet during the rearing and the administration of a high-energy diet during reproductive life, on the performance and body condition of multiparous pregnant does. Selection did not affect the live weight (LW) of does at the effective artificial insemination (AI; 4257 g), the LW change (+12·3 g/day) and food intake (172 g dry matter (DM) per day) until the 28th day of pregnancy. However, H2 does showed greater LW losses during the pre-partum period than H1 does (120+g;P<0·05), perhaps related to their higher prolificacy (+1·1 total pups born;P<0·05). H2 does showed a higher perirenal fat thickness (PFT) at first AI (+0·12 mm;P<0·05) than H1 does, these differences disappearing at effective AI. Females given a high-energy reproduction diet showed a lower LW at effective AI than those receiving a medium-energy diet (4210, 4305 g, respectively;P<0·05). However, type of reproduction diet did not affect the LW and PFT changes of pregnancy does, reaching partum with a similar PFT (8·83 v. 8·93 mm) and maintaining the differences in LW. Pregnant does given high-energy diet consumed 20 g DM and 1·4 g digestible protein per day less than does receiving medium-energy diet until the 28th day of pregnancy, but their digestible energy (DE) intake was significantly higher (+78 kJ DE per day;P<0·05). Does given high-energy diet showed a significantly lower litter size at birth (−0·7 pups;P<0·05), although there were no significant differences in the number of pups born alive (9·54 and 9·76 pups for high and medium-energy diets, respectively). Pups from does given high-energy diet were slightly weightier than those from medium-energy diet (+5·4 g;P<0·05). Multiparous pregnant does that received a low-energy diet ad libitum during the rearing period and first pregnancy showed a higher LW at effective AI (+137 g LW;P<0·05) but a lower PFT (−0·26 mm;P<0·05) than those females that received a medium-energy diet restricted during this same period. These differences were maintained at parturition (+142 g LW and −0·20 mm;P<0·05). Feeding programme during rearing affected neither the food intake of multiparous pregnant does until the 28th day of pregnancy, nor the litter size and weight at birth. The interval between parturitions was not affected by the selection for litter size or the reproduction diet received, but was longer for does that received the low-energy diet ad libitum during the rearing period (+2·9 days;P<0·05). In conclusion, rabbit selection programmes by litter size seem to be working well, but high energy reproduction diets, frequently used to cover their higher energy requirements, must be used carefully out of lactation in the long term to avoid a reduction in litter size.

A comparison of the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on the feeding behaviour of sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
A.M. Sibbald
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Single Meal

Voluntary food intake is generally inversely related to body condition or fatness in mature sheep (Foot, 1972). Since the intake of pelleted diets by housed sheep consists of a number of discrete feeding bouts or 'meals' (e.g. Bermudez et al., 1989), the relatively long-term effect of body condition on intake will be achieved through changes in feeding behaviour at the level of a single meal. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on meal patterns in sheep, to investigate the mechanism by which body condition influences daily food intake.

scholarly journals Windows in early mammary development: critical or not?

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Knight ◽  
A Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Two critical windows in mammary development have been proposed. The first arises from observations in rodents that nutrition during fetal and neonatal periods can affect mammary ductular outgrowth, subsequent proliferative activity and, eventually, tumorigenesis, that is, potentially it could have a long-term effect on pathological outcome (breast cancer) in women. The second similarly involves early diet, but in this case the outcome is phenotypic, in that dairy heifers reared too quickly during the peripubertal period subsequently show impaired udder development and reduced milk yield persisting throughout life. Most mammary development occurs during pregnancy, but this period is usually thought of only in terms of the immediate outcome for the subsequent lactation; it is not believed to be a critical window, at least in terms of lifetime mammary productivity. This review examines the evidence underlying these various claims and attempts to define the mechanisms involved, and also considers whether derangements occurring earlier in life (prenatally) could also have long-term consequences for physiological or pathological mammary development.

The effect of long-term administration of bovine somatotrophin on the performance of dairy heifers during their first lactation

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 2-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Butterwick ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
T.E.C. Weekes ◽  
D.S. Parker ◽  
D.G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Term Administration

The objectives of the trial were to Investigate the effects of long-term administration of bovine somatotropin (BST) from week 2 and 10 post-partumn on the yields of milk, milk components, body weight, body condition, health and reproductive status during the first lactation of dairy heifers.19 Friesian dairy cows in their first lactation were allocated at calving to one of 3 treatments: Daily subcutaneous Injection of recomblnantly derived bovine somatotropin (25 mg/d) from either week 2 (BST2;n=6) or week 10 (BST10;n=6) of lactation, or injection of buffer solution from week 2 of lactation (C;n=7). Treatments continued until week 42 of lactation, or until 60 days prior to predicted calving date, if this occurred before week 42 of lactation. Initially cows were housed in cubicles and fed ad libitum individually through calan doors, on a diet of concentrate and grass silage (Table 1) on a 60:40 dry matter ratio. In approximately mid-lactation cows were turned out to grass but continued to receive concentrates according to milk yield and body condition. Milk yield was recorded daily and milk composition twice weekly as were live weight and body condition. Health and reproductive status were monitored over the lactation.

Long Term Effect of Mouse Neonate Food Intake on Adult Body Composition, Insulin and Glucose Serum Levels

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lemonnier ◽  
J-P. Suquet ◽  
R. Aubert ◽  
G. Rosselin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Adult Body

Nesfatin-1 exerts long-term effect on food intake and body temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1514-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Könczöl ◽  
O Pintér ◽  
S Ferenczi ◽  
J Varga ◽  
K Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect

scholarly journals Long-term effect of parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (15) ◽  
pp. 1499-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Davis ◽  
Martha C Washington ◽  
Emily R Yaniz ◽  
Heidi Phillips ◽  
Ayman I Sayegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Regeneration ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Induced Changes

Intestinal epithelial tissue is constantly regenerated as a means to maintain proper tissue function. Previous studies have demonstrated that denervation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system to the intestine alters this process. However, results are inconsistent between studies, showing both increases and decreases in proliferation after denervation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic. The effect appears to correlate with (1) the timing post-denervation, (2) denervation-induced changes in food intake, (3) the denervation technique used, and (4) which intestinal segment is investigated. Thus, we proposed that parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation does not have an effect on intestinal epithelial regeneration when you (1) evaluate denervation after long-term denervation, (2) control for post-surgical changes in food intake, (3) use minimally invasive surgical techniques and (4) include a segmental analysis. To test this, adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent parasympathetic denervation via subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, sympathetic denervation via celiacomesenteric ganglionectomy, a parasympathetic denervation sham surgery, or a sympathetic denervation sham surgery. Sham surgery ad libitum-fed groups and sham surgery pair-fed groups were used to control for surgically induced changes in food intake. Three weeks post-surgery, animals were sacrificed and tissue from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was excised and immunohistochemically processed to visualize indicators of proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells) and apoptosis (caspase-3-positive cells). Results showed no differences between groups in proliferation, apoptosis, or total cell number in any intestinal segment. These results suggest that parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation does not have a significant long-term effect on intestinal epithelial turnover. Thus, intestinal epithelial regeneration is able to recover after autonomic nervous system injury. Impact statement This study investigates the long-term effect of autonomic denervation on intestinal epithelial cell turnover, as measured by proliferation, apoptosis, and total cell number. Although previous research has established that autonomic denervation can alter intestinal epithelial turnover under short-term conditions, here we establish for the first time that these changes do not persist long-term when you control for surgical-induced changes in food intake and use targeted denervation procedures. These findings add to the base of knowledge on autonomic control of tissue turnover, highlight the ability of the intestinal epithelium to recover after autonomic injury and reveal possible implications of the use of ANS denervation for disease treatment in humans.

Effect of dietary energy source on the performance and perirenal fat thickness evolution of primiparous rabbit does

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
W. Motta ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
F. Quevedo ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Perirenal Fat

AbstractSeventy-four New Zealand ✕ Californian females were used to determine the influence of dietary energy source on the performance and perirenal fat thickness (PFT) change measured by ultrasound of primiparous rabbit does. Three highly concentrated diets were designed with different dietary energy sources: animal fat (diet F), vegetable oil (diet O) and cereal starch (diet S), and does were fertilized by artificial insemination after parturition (AP group) or around weaning (AW group), litters being weaned at 28 days of age. There were no significant differences in live weight and food intake of females throughout gestation, but does given diet S showed a higher increase in their PFT until 28th day than those given diets F and O (P < 0·01), although all females had a similar PFT at parturition. Rabbit does given diets S and O showed a significantly higher dietary energy intake than those given diet F (P < 0·01) during the first weeks of lactation, and similar thereafter until the second parturition. Milk yield and litter weight gain were significantly higher with fat-enriched diets (P < 0·05), and milk composition of rabbit does given diet F showed a higher total solids content (P = 0·01), fat (P < 0·001) and energy (P < 0·01) than milk of does receiving diets O or S. Although pups on fat diets showed a higher weaning weight (P < 0·05), dietary treatment during lactation did not have any effect on the performance of pups during the subsequent growing period. PFT always decreased during lactation for does given fat-enriched diets, while it increased for does given diet S and fertilized after parturition. Live weight of AP does was significantly higher at 21st day of lactation (P < 0·01) and at weaning (P < 0·001), and they showed a significantly lower food intake during the final week of lactation. The period from weaning to parturition was too short for AP does, which showed a decrease of their PFT, while AW does showed an increase of their PFT and a greater number of pups alive at birth (P < 0·05). Due to the lower milk yield of rabbit does fertilized AP, their pups showed a significantly higher solid food intake (P < 0·001), resulting in a similar value for the live weight of pups in both groups at weaning. The earlier promotion of solid food intake significantly affected the food intake of litters during the subsequent growing period, presenting higher values for pups coming from AP does. In conclusion, the addition of dietary fat, especially from animal origin, seems to improve the utilization of energy for milk production, while the use of a high level of starch could decrease the negative balance of primiparous rabbit does during lactation.

Long-term effect of food intake on adipose tissue and leptin secretion during long days in Soay rams

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
M. Marie ◽  
P.A. Findlay ◽  
L. Thomas ◽  
C.L. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Obese Gene ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Effect Of Food

Circulating leptin, the obese gene product secreted by adipocytes, is sensitive to short-term (meals, starvation) and long-term (spontaneous food intake, food restriction) changes in energy balance in sheep (Marie et al 2001). The present study aimed to explore relationships between adiposity, adipose tissue from different sites and blood leptin concentrations in rams kept in long days when adiposity is normally high.

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