Effect of dietary energy source on the performance and perirenal fat thickness evolution of primiparous rabbit does

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
W. Motta ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
F. Quevedo ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Perirenal Fat

AbstractSeventy-four New Zealand ✕ Californian females were used to determine the influence of dietary energy source on the performance and perirenal fat thickness (PFT) change measured by ultrasound of primiparous rabbit does. Three highly concentrated diets were designed with different dietary energy sources: animal fat (diet F), vegetable oil (diet O) and cereal starch (diet S), and does were fertilized by artificial insemination after parturition (AP group) or around weaning (AW group), litters being weaned at 28 days of age. There were no significant differences in live weight and food intake of females throughout gestation, but does given diet S showed a higher increase in their PFT until 28th day than those given diets F and O (P < 0·01), although all females had a similar PFT at parturition. Rabbit does given diets S and O showed a significantly higher dietary energy intake than those given diet F (P < 0·01) during the first weeks of lactation, and similar thereafter until the second parturition. Milk yield and litter weight gain were significantly higher with fat-enriched diets (P < 0·05), and milk composition of rabbit does given diet F showed a higher total solids content (P = 0·01), fat (P < 0·001) and energy (P < 0·01) than milk of does receiving diets O or S. Although pups on fat diets showed a higher weaning weight (P < 0·05), dietary treatment during lactation did not have any effect on the performance of pups during the subsequent growing period. PFT always decreased during lactation for does given fat-enriched diets, while it increased for does given diet S and fertilized after parturition. Live weight of AP does was significantly higher at 21st day of lactation (P < 0·01) and at weaning (P < 0·001), and they showed a significantly lower food intake during the final week of lactation. The period from weaning to parturition was too short for AP does, which showed a decrease of their PFT, while AW does showed an increase of their PFT and a greater number of pups alive at birth (P < 0·05). Due to the lower milk yield of rabbit does fertilized AP, their pups showed a significantly higher solid food intake (P < 0·001), resulting in a similar value for the live weight of pups in both groups at weaning. The earlier promotion of solid food intake significantly affected the food intake of litters during the subsequent growing period, presenting higher values for pups coming from AP does. In conclusion, the addition of dietary fat, especially from animal origin, seems to improve the utilization of energy for milk production, while the use of a high level of starch could decrease the negative balance of primiparous rabbit does during lactation.

Long-term effect of selection for litter size and feeding programme on the performance of reproductive rabbit does 2. Lactation and growing period

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quevedo ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
M. Baselga ◽  
J. J. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Long Term Effect

AbstractA total of 166 crossbred does were used to study the possible long-term effect of two types of crossbred does (H1v.H2, old and current generations, respectively) from the cross of different generations of lines selected for litter size, the use of a rearing programme based on a low-energy diet, and the administration of a high-energy diet during reproductive life, on the performance and body condition of lactating rabbit does and their litters until slaughter. The body condition of the reproductive rabbit does increased in the successive cycles to the fourth parturition, being maintained from this moment on. Animals more selected for litter size at weaning presented a greater food intake (+3%;P<0·05) and milk yield (+6%;P<0·05) during the first 21 days of lactation, which could be related to greater maternal aptitude. The difference in the weight of pups at slaughter time (+24 g for H2 respect to H1 pups) was one third lower than that expected from the generation response of the paternal line (0·45 g/day), perhaps related to the different enteropathy incidence depending on the genetic type. The use of a high-energy diet during the reproduction period increased the milk yield (+22%;P<0·05) of does, as the growth (+16 g at weaning day;P<0·05) and survival index (+2%;P<0·05) of the litters during lactation, but could produce a more sudden weaning of pups as a consequence of their lower pre-weaning food intake (−42%;P<0·05), which has been related with a greater health risk index during the growing period (+4·2%;P<0·05). Reproductive does given a high fibre diet during the rearing period (from 3 kg live weight to 28th day of the first pregnancy) reached parturition with a higher live weight than does that received a moderate energy diet restricted during this same period (+142 g;P<0·05). All other parameters controlled for the lactating does and their litters were not affected by the type of diet received during the rearing period. Females that were not effectively mated at first AI (11 dayspost partum) showed a greater increase in their perirenal fat thickness between partum and the 11th day of lactation than those lactating females that showed an effective mating (+0·22v.+0·37 mm, respectively;P<0·05).

Lactation pattern in Scottish Blackface and East Friesland × Scottish Blackface cross-bred ewes

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Peart ◽  
J. M. Doney ◽  
W. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Cross

SummaryMilk yield of 2-year-old Scottish Blackface and of East Friesland × Scottish Blackface ewes rearing single or twin lambs was estimated by the oxytocin method on 1 day each week up to the 14th week of lactation. Both groups of ewes had been reared from birth under good nutritional conditions. They were housed in individual pens from mid-pregnancy and offered a liberal ration of a pelleted concentrate food until parturition. Similar food was offered ad libitum during lactation.The cross-bred ewes rearing singles or twins produced significantly more milk in the first 12 weeks (181 and 258 kg respectively) than did pure Blackface ewes in the same period (144 and 208 kg respectively). The pattern of lactation differed between breeds. Cross-bred ewes attained higher maximum yields between the second and sixth weeks (2·37 and 3·32 kg/day, respectively, for single- and twin-suckled ewes) than did the Blackface ewes (1·97 and 2·88 kg/day). The yield from the cross-breds was sustained at a higher level throughout lactation. In the third 4-week period cross-bred ewes rearing single and twin lambs produced 116 and 92%, respectively, of their yield in the first 4 weeks whilst Blackface ewes produced 87 and 65%, respectively.In the sixth week of lactation the milk produced by the two breed groups was similar in quality (mean value of solids-not-fat 11·04% and fat 5·48%) but by the 11th week the fat percentage of milk produced by Blackface ewes had increased significantly to 7·34% whereas that of the cross-breds had remained almost unchanged.Single-suckled ewes gained weight throughout lactation but twin-suckled ewes remained relatively constant. Lambs reared as singles by cross-bred or Blackface ewes reached a mean live weight of 36·2 and 35·0 kg at 102 days of age, respectively, compared with 33·6 and 30·1 kg for twin lambs. Food intake of all ewes increased until the fifth or sixth week of lactation.

Effect of environmental temperature on suckling pigs and a study of the milk yield of the sow

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gill ◽  
W. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Significant Treatment Difference

1. A study was made of the performance of eight litters of pigs housed under two widely different levels of ambient temperature during the suckling period and under uniform conditions from weaning to 200 lb. live weight.2. There was no significant treatment difference in the amount of milk suckled, but the pigs exposed to the lower temperature consumed more solid food before weaning.3. Up to weaning those kept at the higher temperature were the more efficient converters of milk and solid food into live weight.4. There was a highly significant correlation between milk suckled and live-weight gain.5. Probably through excessive handling, the pigs were under weight at weaning, but the postweaning performance appeared to be unaffected by the pre-weaning treatment.6. The average milk yield of six sows from the 3rd to the 56th day of lactation was 275 kg. 605 lb.) (variations 202–347 kg. (445–764 lb.)). Yields have been compared with others published.7. After allowing for maintenance requirements and weight gain or loss it is estimated that the sows required 412 Calories of net energy to produce 1 lb. of milk.

The use of ultrasound measurement of perirenal fat thickness to estimate changes in body condition of young female rabbits

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
F. Castella ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
J. Fernández-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Perirenal Fat

AbstractForty-two New-Zealand x Californian young female rabbits of 4·5 months of age were used to evaluate the use o f a computerized ultrasound system in estimating changes in body condition. In order to get a wide range of fatness, animals were randomly subjected to four food restriction regimes for 2 weeks. Female rabbits were scanned at six different back sites to estimate perirenal fat thickness, using a real-time ultrasound unit equipped with a 5·0-MHz sector probe. After scanning, all animals were weighed and slaughtered. The weights of hot carcass, cold carcass, perirenal fat, scapular fat, liver and kidneys were recorded. There was a large variation in the weight of the main fat deposits, especially for the perirenal fat (CV = 0·632), indicating its suitability for estimating changes in body condition. Ultrasound measurements of perirenal fat thickness correlated strongly with all carcass fat weight values (r= 0·692 to 0·959;P< 0·001) and the estimated carcass energy content (r= 0·777 to 0·866;P< 0·001) and seem to be more precise predictors than live weight measurements. Multiple regression equations for estimating the main fat deposit weight and estimated carcass energy content using only the live weight as an independent variable hadR2values ranging from 0·47 to 0·59. The accuracy of estimates was improved when ultrasound measurements were used in the regression model (R2values ranging from 0·81 to 0·95). Ultrasound measurement of mean perirenal fat deposit thickness at 3 cm ahead of the 2ndto 3rdlumbar vertebrae was the best predictor for perirenal fat weight (R2= 0·95;P< 0·001), total fat weight (R2= 0·93;P< 0·001) and estimated carcass energy content (R2= 0·90;P< 0·001). A validation group of 11 rabbit does was used to validate the ultrasound regression equations, showing that their mean accuracy was approximately 0·895 and 0·967 for total fat weight and estimated carcass energy content, respectively. Results suggest that ultrasound measurements of perirenal fat thickness may be an accurate method for studying changes in body condition of young female rabbits at different times.

Daily gain, food intake and food efficiency in pigs during the growing period

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kanis ◽  
W. J. Koops
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Food Efficiency ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTThe non-linear model y = ae(−hW−c/W) was fitted to weekly calculated daily gain (DG), daily food intake (FI) and food efficiency (FE) of 653 barrows and gilts fed ad libitum or restrictedly during a growing period from 27 to 108 kg live weight. Where y was DG, FI or FE, W was live weight and a, b and c were parameters. The model fitted well to the expected course of the traits, with an accuracy similar to that of quadratic polynomials. Parameters for one trait could simply be derived from the parameters for the other two traits. For each trait, four basic patterns were distinguished, depending on the signs of b and c. Curves with a maximum (b > 0 and c > 0) occurred most frequently. In cases of curves with a maximum, the model could be reparameterized to a model with parameters having a simple biological meaning.Coefficients of determination in barrows averaged 0·29 for DG, 0·88 for FI and 0·45 for FE, whereas these values were somewhat lower in gilts. With ad libitum feeding, a DG curve with a maximum was fitted in proportionately 0·83 of the barrows and 0·61 of the gilts. The maximum DG was on average at live weights of 64 kg for barrows and 77 kg for gilts. A maximum in the FI curve was predicted in proportionately 0·60 of the barrows and 0·39 of the gilts. Curves for DG and FI in gilts were less curvilinear than in barrows. FE curves, with ad libitum feeding, had a maximum in proportionately 0·59 of the barrows and 0·52 of the gilts. This predicted maximum FE was, on average, before the start of the growing period. Gilts had a higher FE than barrows from 35 kg body weight onwards, and the difference increased with increasing live weight. Differences in FE between ad libitum and restricted feeding were small, with a tendency for animals fed at a restricted feeding level to be more efficient at the end of the growing period.Average FE curves and individual FI or DG curves were used for indirect prediction of individual DG or FI curves, respectively. The correlation between directly and indirectly predicted values of DG and FI at live weights of 30, 65 or 100 kg was about 0·7 in ad libitum fed barrows and gilts, and greater than 0·8 in pigs fed at a restricted level. This indicates that the model is suitable to predict and control the course of individual daily gain by influencing the course of food intake.

Can information about solid food be transmitted from one piglet to another?

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Morgan ◽  
A.B. Lawrence ◽  
J. Chirnside ◽  
L.A. Deans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Experienced Observer ◽  
Time Spent Feeding

AbstractWhen weaned early, piglets commonly take some time to accept solid food, resulting in a growth check and reduced welfare. The transmission of information about food between animals has been demonstrated in other species and it would be advantageous if this occurred in piglets. This experiment investigated the effects of pairing piglets that were consuming solid food with newly weaned piglets. Six litters of piglets did not receive solid food until weaning. In each litter four piglets (3 plus 1 spare) were weaned at 21 days of age and housed together for 7 days and offered one of two foods (3 litters per food). At 28 days of age the remaining piglets were weaned and four pairs of piglets were formed, such that there were three experienced animals paired with three inexperienced observers, each pair having visual contact and varying degrees of physical contact (1: none, 2: through wire mesh, 3: housed together), and a pair of inexperienced piglets (4: housed together) to act as controls. Food intake and weight gain were recorded over a period of 7 days. There was no effect of food type on food intake or live-weight gain of the pairs but the inexperienced pigs had higher gains on food 1 than food 2. The inexperienced pairs ate less food than the other pairs and the experienced/observer pairs that were housed together had the greatest weight gain. The level of variation between piglets was such that there were no significant effects of pairing treatment on the weight gain of the inexperienced animals. Total time spent feeding increased with time from pair formation. The number of simultaneous feeding events was higher for the experienced/observer pairs housed together than for the inexperienced pairs. This experiment has indicated that food intake is stimulated when an inexperienced piglet is housed with an experienced piglet and, with further work, this could be exploited to alleviate the weaning check.

The intensive rearing of lambs 1. Some factors affecting performance in the liquid feeding period

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. R. Davies ◽  
J. B. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Factors Affecting Performance ◽  
Milk Feeding

1. Investigations into possible ways of rearing artificially the lambs surplus to the ewe's capacity are described and the results discussed.2. A ewe-milk replacer with a high fat content was used from 2 days of age until weaning at 11.4 kg live weight. Two levels of milk feeding, restricted and ad libitum, were given in the second year. Significant differences were observed in live weight gain per day, milk consumption per kg live weight gain and solid food intake prior to weaning. Live weight gain and solid food intake in the period immediately after weaning also differed markedly. Sex and birth weight had little effect on performance.3. Food costs were lower on the restricted level of milk feeding than on the ad libitum level.

scholarly journals Arsanilic acid, sodium salicylate and bromide salts as potential growth stimulants for pigs receiving diets with and without copper sulphate

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S Barber ◽  
R Braude ◽  
K. G Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Arsanilic Acid ◽  
Fat Thickness

1. Results are presented of three experiments involving 112 individually fed pigs, covering the growing period between 20 and 90 kg live weight, in which the potential performance-stimulating properties of three different compounds were studied in relation to those of a dietary supplement of 250 mg Cu/kg diet.2. The three compounds studied and the levels of supplementation used (mg/kg diet) were: Expt I arsanilic acid (100), Expt 2 sodium salicylate (200), Expt 3 a mixture of bromide salts (200); each was added to the diets either alone or with 250mg Cu/kg diet given as CuSO4, 5H2O.3. The diets were given wet, ‘to appetite’ twice daily up to a daily maximum of 3 kg feed/pig. Measurements of length and of back-fat thickness at a number of points were made on all carcasses at slaughter.4. Arsanilic acid and sodium salicylate alone gave growth responses similar to those obtained with Cu alone, whereas the bromide salt had no effect on performance. None of the three compounds when added to diets in conjunction with 250mg Cu/kg diet gave results superior to those obtained with the Cu supplement alone.5. When added to the diets alone, none of the three compounds tested nor Cu had any marked effect on any of the carcass measurements.6. Arsanilic acid reduced total liver weight and markedly reduced the large increase in total liver Cu stores that resulted from supplementation of the diets with 250 mg Cu/kg diet.

The development of solid food intake in calves 5. The relationship between liquid and solid food intake

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Reconstituted Milk ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYReconstituted milk substitute was given at two concentrations of powder (10% and 20%), each at four levels (10% powder—8, 12, 16 and 20% of live weight (LW); 20% powder—6, 8, 10 and 12% of LW) to 3 British Friesian male calves per treatment from 2 to 4 weeks after arrival, and the calves were weaned over the next 7 days. Chopped dried grass was offered to appetite before and for 3 weeks after weaning. The amount of solid food eaten was not affected by the dry-matter concentration of the milk substitute, but was significantly depressed as the amount of milk consumed increased. Between-treatment differences in solid food intake established at weaning persisted until the end of the experiment. There was a dose, positive relationship between milk intake and live-weight gain (LWG) before weaning, but weight gain after weaning was not significantly affected by the level of milk intake before weaning.

Effect of energy source or fibre level in concentrates fed to finishing Swaledale lambs

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
C A Middlemass ◽  
C M Minter ◽  
M Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake ◽  
Effective Growth

Concentrate finishing systems for store lambs often involves a dramatic change in the basal diet as lambs are moved from being managed on, e.g. grass and / or roots to concentrates. If this is done too quickly there is a risk of digestive disturbances leading to acidosis and secondary infections. Hence, the selection of the carbohydrate balance between starch and digestible fibre is crucial as ruminants fed high levels of starch-based concentrates can develop sub-clinical acidosis and liver abscess, leading to decreased voluntary food intake and daily live weight gain (DLWG). The aim of this study was to evaluate two concentrate formulations for effective growth for finishing of Swaledale lambs, one concentrate being starch biased the other digestible fibre biased.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document