scholarly journals The effect of the absence of rumen ciliate protozoa on growing lambs fed on a roughage–concentrate diet

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Margaret Eadie ◽  
J. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

1. Lambs were removed form their dams at 2 d of age, and at 5 weeks of age eitht of one group were incoulated with a mixed rumen ciliate and seven in a second group were maintained ciliate-free throughout the 61 weeks of the experiment. Performance of the groups was compared when given a 2:1 roughage:concentrate diet as a set ration and withad lib.roughage.2. Mixed ciliate populations developed in all faunated lambs and average-sized populations were maintained. Large numbers of flagellate protozoa developed in the ciliate-free animals after flagellates had been introduced into the building with the ciliate-free animals after flagellates had been introduced into the building with the ciliate inoculum.3. Higher numbers of rumen bacteria were found in the ciliate-free group.4. Only between the 14th and 21st weeks was there a significant different between groups in weight gain and this was infavour of the faunated group. The only significant different in body measurements was greater girth in the ciliate-free lambs.5. Only minor differences were found between the groups in calorimetric trials, digestibility and nitrogen balanes. There were no differences between groups in concentration of total protein N and soluble sugar in the rumen. The ammonis concentration was significantly higher in the faunated group.6. The concentrations of total rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) were higher in the faunated group. Differences, between groups, in proportions of VFA were attributed to the activity of the rumen bacteria rather than the ciliatesper se.7. No differences between groups were found in the concentrations of blood sugar and haemoglobin.8. It was concluded that the changes due to the presence of rumen ciliates were not great enough to be reflected in animal performance under the conditions of this experiment.

A Note on the effect of herbicides on the metabolism and performance of lambs

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Abou Akkada ◽  
M. A. Hassan ◽  
M. Naga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Serum Proteins ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

SummaryThe inclusion of 60 p.p.m. of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or of M15† in the diet of lambs had no effect on the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia in rumen liquor, on the contents of haemoglobin, protein and non-protein nitrogen in blood or on the composition of the blood serum proteins. Over weeks 1 to 6 of experiment, there was a significant increase in live-weight gain in lambs receiving a diet containing M1S but the effect had disappeared at the end of 12 weeks. Inclusion of 2,4-D in the diet had no effect on live-weight gain.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Ruminal Microbiota and Their Relationship With Rumen Fermentation in Lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejiao Yin ◽  
Shoukun Ji ◽  
Chunhui Duan ◽  
Peizhi Tian ◽  
Sisi Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

The rumen microbiota is vital for the health and growth performance of the host animal, mainly due to its role in the fermentation of ingested feed within the rumen. Attaining a better understanding of the development of the bacterial community and fermentation in the rumen can provide the theoretical basis for regulating feed utilization. This study analyzed the development of rumen bacteria in lambs from birth to 4 months of age using 16S-rRNA amplicon sequencing data and studied its relationship with ruminal fermentation. Serum levels of metabolites were monitored at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of age, and the RandomForest approach was used to determine age-related changes in rumen bacteria. Levels of blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation, the rumen bacterial community and its functions were all affected by the age of the lambs (P < 0.05). Based on the Bray-Curtis distance within the age groups of the rumen microbiota, the similarity increased sharply after the lambs were weaned at 60 days of age (P < 0.05). The similarity between the samples collected from birth to 90 days of age and those collected at 120 days of age, increased after 20 days of age, reaching a maximum at 90 days vs. 120 days (P < 0.05). Some age-associated changes in the microbial genera were correlated with changes in the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and the levels of microbial crude protein in the rumen, including positive correlations between main volatile fatty acids and the genera of Prevotella 1, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, and Ruminococcus 2 (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the microbial community and the function of rumen was not well-established before 20 days of age, so there is a degree of plasticity in the rumen bacterial community during the first 20 days of post-natal development in lambs, and this might provide an opportunity for interventions to improve rumen fermentation and, thus, increase their growth performance.

EFFECTS OF NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID ON APPARENT ABSORPTION AND DUODENAL FLOW OF MANGANESE, IRON, ZINC AND COPPER IN SHEEP

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. IVAN ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
M. IHNAT
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Pelleted Diet

A latin square design was used with four sheep, each equipped with a rumen fistula and re-entrant cannula in the proximal duodenum. The four treatments were intraruminal dosings with different amounts (0, 450, 900 and 1800 mg/day) of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The sheep were fed a pelleted diet with excessive concentrations of manganese, iron, zinc and copper. Fecal excretion of iron and zinc increased, and apparent absorption decreased, with increasing dose of NTA. However, only the differences between means for zinc were statistically significant. Fecal excretion and apparent absorption of manganese and copper were not affected by NTA. Flow of soluble iron through the duodenum increased with increasing dose of NTA. There was no effect of NTA on concentrations of manganese, iron, zinc and copper in the rumen bacteria or on microbial activity in the rumen as measured by the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and by flow of nitrogen into the small intestine.

Factors affecting the intake and digestion of roughage by sheep fed maize straw supplemented with maize grain

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope A. Henning ◽  
Yvonne Van Der Linden ◽  
Mary E. Mattheyse ◽  
Wilfried K. Nauhaus ◽  
Helen M. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Branched Chain

SummaryAfter a preliminary period in which they were all fed maize straw plus a proteinmineral supplement, 18 Merino wethers were divided into six groups and fed straw, proteins and minerals as before, plug pellets containing maize grain so that these constituted 0, 78, 156, 235, 313 and 393 g/kg of the total daily intake.The diets provided sufficient protein so that NH3and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were not limiting for growth of the fibre-digesting bacteria in the rumen.The intake of straw, the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose, and the mass of cellulose and hemicellulose digested per day declined linearly as the proportion of pellets in the diet increased above 78 g/kg. This decline was not related to the pH of the ruminal contents which was unaffected by the feeding of up to and including 235g pellets/kg diet, and which, with one exception, was only 2–6 pH-hours below pH 6 when more grain was fed.As the proportion of pellets in the diet increased the number of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen declined to an extent which correlated well with the decrease in mass of cellulose digested per day. There was no change in the relative proportions of the predominant genera.There was no decrease in the number of xylanolytic bacteria in the rumen as more pellets were fed, but there was an indication of a change in the predominant genera producing diffusible xylanases.It is concluded that some factor, in addition to nutrient limitation and pH, may play a role in the decrease in intake and digestion of roughage when starch is fed. It is suggested that starch or sugars derived from it mayper seinhibit the synthesis and/or activity of the rumen cellulases and hemicellulases.

Biological and productive parameters of ruminants fed by the complex of feed additive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Боголюбова ◽  
В. Романов ◽  
В. Короткий
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Period ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Amylolytic Activity ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Control Group

Проведены физиологический и научно-производственный эксперименты в условиях физиологического двора ФГБНУ «ФНЦ ВИЖ им. Л. К. Эрнста». Первый — методом групп-периодов (в контрольный период животные получали основной рацион, в опытный — хвойно-энергетическую добавку из расчёта 2,5 мл на 10 кг живой массы), второй эксперимент — на двух группах (контрольной и опытной) бычков по той же схеме. При проведении эксперимента изучали показатели рубцового пищеварения (рН, общее количество летучих жирных кислот, концентрацию аммонийного азота, амилолитическую активность, содержание биомассы простейших и бактерий), биохимические и клинические показатели, среднесуточный и валовой прирост живой массы. Включаемая в состав рациона питания подопытных овец энерго-витаминно-минеральная добавка оказывала благотворное действие на микробиологические и ферментативные процессы в преджелудках, проявляющееся в повышении содержания общей микробной массы, образования летучих жирных кислот — на 0,25‒1,13 мМоль/100 мл, амилолитической активности рубцовой жидкости — на 3,27 Е/мл (Р < 0,05). Отмечалось большее общее количество переваренных питательных веществ и коэффициенты переваримости сухого и органического вещества, сырого протеина, сырого жира — на 6,9 абс.% (Р < 0,05), сырой клетчатки — на 2,5 абс.%. Анализ биохимических показателей крови овец выявил улучшение состояния белкового обмена в организме животных в опытный период, на что указывает повышение концентрации общего белка в крови на 14,1% (Р < 0,05), повышение концентрации альбуминов — на 32,8% (Р <0,05) и альбумино-глобулинового соотношения. У ярок в опытный период отмечали повышение концентрации глюкозы в крови на 11,4%. Среднесуточный прирост бычков опытной групп был на 6,3% выше, чем в контроле. To test their physiological parameters ruminants consumed the basic diet in the control period while in the experimental one they received high-energy supplement from needle leaves. Farm experiment took place on control and experimental groups of male calves by the same scheme. Experiment tested ruminal digestion (рН, total amount of volatile fatty acids, ammonium nitrogen content, amylolytic activity, protist and bacterium concentration), biochemical and clinical parameters, average daily and gross weight gain. Energy-vitamin-mineral supplements positively affected microbiological and enzymatic processes in forestomach, increasing total microbial mass, production of volatile fatty acids — by 0.25‒1.13 mmol/100 ml, amylolytic activity of ruminal fluid — by 3.27 U/ml (Р < 0,05). Higher values were obtained for total amount of digested nutrients and digestion coefficients of dry, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat — by 6.9 % (Р < 0,05), crude fiber — by 2.5 %. Sheep blood biochemical characteristics showed improved protein metabolism during the experimental period, leading to higher concentration of total blood protein by 14.1% (Р < 0,05), albumins — by 32.8% (Р <0,05) and albumin/globulin ratio. Gimmers showed higher concentration of blood glucose by 11.4%. Average daily weight gain of male calves exceeded the control group by 6.3%.

The effect on the rumen composition of feeding sheep diets supplying different starches. I. The variation in rumen composition of sheep fed lucerne or wheat as the sole diet

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Chou ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

1. Three fistulated and four unfistulated crossbred sheep were each fed once daily with diets of lucerne or wheat.2. A pre-feeding sample of the rumen liquid was examined for its content of protozoa, of various chemical components and for its enzymic activity on glucose and on soluble starch. Several samples were taken from each sheep at intervals over periods of up to 8 weeks, during which time the sheep were maintained solely on the single diet.3. Considerable variation occurred, both between sheep and between samples from the same sheep, in the concentrations of ciliate protozoa and of lactic acid, especially on the wheat diet.4. Analyses for nitrogen, pH, dissolved C02, volatile fatty acids and for the molar proportions of acetic and propionic acid showed differences due to diet.

scholarly journals Origin of the Rumen Bacteria responsible for Volatile Fatty Acids Production

1964 ◽  
Vol 35 (tokubetu) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Fumio KUMENO ◽  
Ichiro NISHIMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Bacteria
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