scholarly journals The effect of zinc deficiency on alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and its isoenzymes

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Adeniyi ◽  
F. W. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Individual Bands ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Alkaline

1. Zinc deficiency in young rats reduced both the total alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity and Zn concentration in serum, kidney, small intestine and femur.2. Addition of 0.01 mM-exogenous Zn had no greater activating effect with extracts of kidney, small intestine and femur from Zn-deficient than control rats, indicating that the main effect of the deficiency was on the amount of enzyme present rather than the efficiency of its operation. Exogenous Zn increased the activity of enzyme in serum of Zn-deficient rats, but it was still lower than in the serum of control animals.3. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel separated the alkaline phosphatase activity from all tissues into two bands. The bands had similar electrophoretic mobilities and appeared to be qualitatively identical in corresponding tissues from Zn-deficient and control rats.4. Zn deficiency eliminated the first band found in serum from control rats and it had selective effects on the activity of individual bands in other tissues. The major inhibitory effect was on the first bands of enzyme activity in kidney and femur, but in small intestine only the second band was affected. In liver the activity of the first band was increased and that of the second band decreased by similar amounts.

scholarly journals The differential effect of magnesium deficiency on isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in rat tissues

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Nehlawi ◽  
F. W. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Total Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Individual Bands ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Alkaline

1. Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) from many rat tissues was separated into two or three bands by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Ten of the bands had different electrophoretic mobilities, but some were present in more than one tissue.2. Bands from the corresponding tissues of magnesium-deficient and control rats were qualitatively similar, but there were quantitative differences in the distribution of enzyme activity between them.3. Mg deficiency had differential effects on the absolute activity of individual bands, but two main types of response were observed. There was an increase in the activity of the first bands from liver and kidney, the second band from femur and both bands from spleen, whereas the first band from femur, the first and second bands from intestinal mucosa and the second bands of serum, liver and kidney all decreased in activity during the deficiency.4. The change in total alkaline phosphatase activity of a tissue during Mg deficiency depended on the ratio between the enzyme components within it.

scholarly journals Reproductive Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1392-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hening Hu ◽  
Darrell Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Fruit Abortion ◽  
Zn Status

The effect of Zn deficiency on reproductive growth of `Stuart' pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] was studied. At the most severe Zn-deficiency level, shoots were rosetted and produced neither. staminate nor pistillate inflorescences. At less severe Zn-deficiency levels, catkin length and weight decreased as Zn concentration in the leaf decreased. The number of fruits produced per shoot was reduced by Zn deficiency. Even though fruit abortion was not affected by Zn status of the shoot, fruit death and drying in situ increased with increasing Zn deficiency. Zinc deficiency dramatically suppressed fruit development and resulted in delayed and staggered shuck dehiscence.

scholarly journals The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein synthesis in the rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Williams ◽  
J. K. Chesters
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control

1. The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein metabolism of the liver, kidneys, testes and spleen of the young rat were studied. The investigations were carried out in two phases: before food consumption and growth were affected, and afterwards.2. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was markedly affected by differences of less than a week in the age of the rats.3. Zn deficiency significantly reduced the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of liver, kidneys and spleen before growth and food consumption were affected. The degree of inhibition was of the order of 50% in the first 5 d. A similar but non-significant trend was observed for the testes.4. The incorporation of [3C]lysine into protein was not significantly affected in liver and testes during the initial period of Zn deficiency; the incorporation into kidneys and spleen was significantly inhibited but the magnitude of the effect was only of the order of 20% in 5d.5. One week after the start of the second phase, the concentration of DNA in liver, testes, and spleen of Zn-deficient animals was not significantly different from that in pair-fed controls. The DNA content of the kidneys was significantly reduced by the deficiency hut only to 97% of that in pair-fed animalsgiven the Zn-supplcmenteddiet. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was not significantly different between deficient and control groups in any of the four organs investigated.

scholarly journals A stable isotope study of zinc kinetics in Irish setters with gluten-sensitive enteropathy

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Lowe ◽  
E. J. Hall ◽  
R. S. Anderson ◽  
R. M. Batt ◽  
M. J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy ◽  
Isotope Study ◽  
Stable Isotope Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fractional Turnover

The short-term kinetics of Zn turnover were studied in Irish setters with gluten-sensitive enteropathy and control dogs following intravenous injection of 0·25 mg 96·5% enriched 70ZnCl2. The 70Zn enrichment of serum was found closely to obey two-compartment kinetics and the derived two-compartment decay equation was used to calculate the size and turnover of the two initial rapidly exchanging pools of body Zn. In normal Irish setters isotopic Zn initially equilibrates with a pool (a) of size 1·27 (SD 0·46) μmol/kg and then with a second pool (b) of size 6·83 (SD 1·72) μmol/kg. The fractional turnover of pool (b) was approximately one eighth that of pool (a). Enteropathic dogs showed no reduction in the size of either rapidly exchangeable Zn pool, reduction in serum Zn concentration or abnormality in Zn balance and hence these results do not support the possibility of an underlying Zn deficiency in this disorder.

scholarly journals Intestinal alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase activities in the zinc-deficient rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Enzymes

1. The effect of zinc deficiency on the activities of rat duodenal alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase has been investigated.2. Zn deficiency adversely affected the activity of these enzymes before growth rate and food intake were reduced.3. The level of food intake was without effect on the activity of alkaline phosphatase but markedly influenced that of inorganic pyrophosphatase.4. The relevance of changes in the activities of Zn-dependent intestinal enzymes to the food intake of Zn-deficient rats is discussed.

The assessment of zinc status of an animal from the uptake of65Zn by the cells of whole blood in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Chesters ◽  
Marie Will
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

1.65Zn uptake by blood cells in vitro has been compared with plasma Zn concentration and plasma alkaline phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) activity as indicators of an animal's Zn status.2. Dietary Zn deficiency, low food intake, reduced dietary protein content and endotoxin administration all reduced plasma Zn concentration in the rat. In each case there was a parallel reduction in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in65Zn uptake in vitro by cells of whole blood.3. A similar relationship between the three measurements existed in sheep with lowered plasma Zn concentrations whether these were caused by dietary deficiency or by post-surgical stress.4.65Zn uptake by cells of whole blood did not differentiate dietary Zn deficiency from the other factors which reduce plasma Zn under ‘field’ conditions.5.65Zn uptake by the cells in whole blood in vitro was three to five times less rapid in blood of ruminant origin than in that from non-ruminants. This difference related to the erythrocytes rather than to the leukocytes or the plasma.

scholarly journals Effect of zinc deficiency on the pregnant ewe and developing foetus

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Masters ◽  
R. J. Moir
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

1. Mature Merino ewes were given either a low-zinc diet (4 mg/kg) or an adequate-Zn diet (50 mg/kg) for all or part of pregnancy.2. The ewes consuming the low-Zn diet consumed 25% less feed than those given the adequate-Zn diet during the last 115 d of pregnancy.3.Zn concentration in the plasma of Zn-deficient pregnant ewes declined from 0·7 to 0·3 mg/1.4. The lambs born to Zn-deficient ewes weighed less and had reduced concentrations ofZn or less total Zn, or both, in the whole carcass, liver and pancreas.5. A reduction in activity of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in the liver and a slight reduction in thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) activity in the thymus was also observed in Zn-deficient lambs.6. The Zn-deficient ewes deposited approximately 63 mg Zn into each single-born lamb;this indicates that during the last third of pregnancy the developing foetuses were accumulating the equivalent of 35% of the total dietary Zn intake of the ewes.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary zinc depletion and repletion on rats: Zn concentration in various tissues and activity of pancreatic γ-glutamyl hydrolase (EC3.4.22.12) as indices of Zn status

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Canton ◽  
F. M. Cremin
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zinc Depletion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Zn Status

Unlike severe zinc deficiency, marginal Zn deficiency is difficult to identify in rats because no reliable indicator of suboptimal Zn status is currently available. We have previously observed reduced pancreatic γ-glutamyl hydrolase (EC3.4.22.12) activity and impaired pteroylpolyglutamate absorption in Zn-deficient rats. In the present study the effect of Zn depletion and repletion on the Zn concentration of various tissues and on the activity of this enzyme was investigated. The objective was to determine the sensitivity of these variables to Zn depletion and to evaluate their usefulness as indices of Zn status. Male Wistar rats (about 180 g), maintained from weanling on a purified Zn-adequate diet, were randomly allocated into twelve groups. A pretreatment control group was killed immediately. The remaining eleven groups were fed on a Zn-deficient diet and a group killed daily for 7 d (Zn-depleted groups). The remaining four groups were re-fed the Zn-adequate diet and a group killed daily (Zn-repleted groups). On analysis, pancreas and spleen Zn levels responded most rapidly to reduced Zn intake, followed by tibia, liver, kidney and plasma. Zn concentration was maintained in testes. Reduced plasma folate levels were also observed. A significant reduction in pancreatic γ-glutamyl hydrolase activity before the depletion of many tissue Zn stores confirms the Zn sensitivity of the enzyme. It was concluded that future investigation into the inter-relationship between Zn and folate metabolism may be useful in identifying a sensitive, biochemical index of Zn status.

scholarly journals The effect of zinc deficiency on glucose metabolism in meal-fed rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Reeves ◽  
Boyd L. O'Dell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
Meal Feeding ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
And Control

1. The incorporation of uniformly-labelled [14C]glucose into fatty acids and glycogen of adipose tissue and liver was used to assess the effects of zinc deficiency on glucose metabolism in meal-fed rats.2. Throughout the study, identical feeding regimens were maintained between each of the Zn-deficient groups and their appropriate controls. The feeding regimens were either meal-feeding or ad lib. feeding.3. Zn deficiency reduced [14C]glucose incorporation into fatty acids of epididymal fat pads of meal-fed rats by 75% when compared with meal-fed controls.4. Zn deficiency caused a slight but significant decrease in [14C]glucose incorporation into liver fatty acids of meal-fed fats when compared with meal-fed controls.5. Zn deficiency significantly increased [14C]glucose incorporation into liver glycogen of meal-fed rats in Expt. 2 but not in Expt 1.6. Some effects of Zn deficiency on glucose metabolism were shown to be independent of the feeding regimen when a single daily meal was given to both Zn deficient and control groups. This method of feeding may be a useful approach to study the effects of Zn on glucose metabolism in the rat.

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