scholarly journals Reproductive Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1392-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hening Hu ◽  
Darrell Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Fruit Abortion ◽  
Zn Status

The effect of Zn deficiency on reproductive growth of `Stuart' pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] was studied. At the most severe Zn-deficiency level, shoots were rosetted and produced neither. staminate nor pistillate inflorescences. At less severe Zn-deficiency levels, catkin length and weight decreased as Zn concentration in the leaf decreased. The number of fruits produced per shoot was reduced by Zn deficiency. Even though fruit abortion was not affected by Zn status of the shoot, fruit death and drying in situ increased with increasing Zn deficiency. Zinc deficiency dramatically suppressed fruit development and resulted in delayed and staggered shuck dehiscence.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary zinc depletion and repletion on rats: Zn concentration in various tissues and activity of pancreatic γ-glutamyl hydrolase (EC3.4.22.12) as indices of Zn status

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Canton ◽  
F. M. Cremin
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zinc Depletion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Zn Status

Unlike severe zinc deficiency, marginal Zn deficiency is difficult to identify in rats because no reliable indicator of suboptimal Zn status is currently available. We have previously observed reduced pancreatic γ-glutamyl hydrolase (EC3.4.22.12) activity and impaired pteroylpolyglutamate absorption in Zn-deficient rats. In the present study the effect of Zn depletion and repletion on the Zn concentration of various tissues and on the activity of this enzyme was investigated. The objective was to determine the sensitivity of these variables to Zn depletion and to evaluate their usefulness as indices of Zn status. Male Wistar rats (about 180 g), maintained from weanling on a purified Zn-adequate diet, were randomly allocated into twelve groups. A pretreatment control group was killed immediately. The remaining eleven groups were fed on a Zn-deficient diet and a group killed daily for 7 d (Zn-depleted groups). The remaining four groups were re-fed the Zn-adequate diet and a group killed daily (Zn-repleted groups). On analysis, pancreas and spleen Zn levels responded most rapidly to reduced Zn intake, followed by tibia, liver, kidney and plasma. Zn concentration was maintained in testes. Reduced plasma folate levels were also observed. A significant reduction in pancreatic γ-glutamyl hydrolase activity before the depletion of many tissue Zn stores confirms the Zn sensitivity of the enzyme. It was concluded that future investigation into the inter-relationship between Zn and folate metabolism may be useful in identifying a sensitive, biochemical index of Zn status.

scholarly journals Poor zinc status is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance in Spanish children

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Ortega ◽  
E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
A. Aparicio ◽  
A. I. Jiménez ◽  
A. M. López-Sobaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Zn Status

Zn plays a key role in the synthesis and action of insulin. The aim of the present work was to determine whether a poorer Zn status was associated with insulin resistance in a group of 357 Spanish schoolchildren. Zn intake was determined by using a 3 d food record (i.e. Sunday to Tuesday). The body weight, height and waist and hip circumferences of all subjects were recorded and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and Zn concentrations were determined. Insulin resistance was determined using the homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) marker. Children (11·5 %) with Zn deficiency (serum Zn concentration < 10·7 μmol/l) had higher HOMA values than those with a more satisfactory Zn status (1·73 (sd0·93)) compared with 1·38 (sd0·90;P < 0·05). An inverse correlation was found between the HOMA value and the serum Zn concentration (r− 0·149,P < 0·05). The risk of having a greater insulin resistance value (HOMA greater than the 75th percentile) increased with age (OR 1·438; 95 % CI 1·021, 2·027) and BMI (OR 1·448; 95 % CI 1·294, 1·619) and decreased as Zn serum levels increased (OR 0·908; 95 % CI 0·835, 0·987;P < 0·001). Moreover, an inverse relationship was observed between HOMA values and Zn dietary density (r− 0·122), and the Zn intakes of male children with a HOMA value of >3·16 made a significantly smaller contribution to the coverage of those recommended (59·7 (sd14·7) %) than observed in children with lower HOMA values (73·6 (sd18·2) %;P < 0·05). Taking into account that Zn intake was below than that recommended in 89·4 % of the children, it would appear that increasing the intake of Zn could improve the health and nutritional status of these children, and thus contribute to diminish problems of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The effect of zinc deficiency on alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and its isoenzymes

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Adeniyi ◽  
F. W. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Individual Bands ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Alkaline

1. Zinc deficiency in young rats reduced both the total alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity and Zn concentration in serum, kidney, small intestine and femur.2. Addition of 0.01 mM-exogenous Zn had no greater activating effect with extracts of kidney, small intestine and femur from Zn-deficient than control rats, indicating that the main effect of the deficiency was on the amount of enzyme present rather than the efficiency of its operation. Exogenous Zn increased the activity of enzyme in serum of Zn-deficient rats, but it was still lower than in the serum of control animals.3. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel separated the alkaline phosphatase activity from all tissues into two bands. The bands had similar electrophoretic mobilities and appeared to be qualitatively identical in corresponding tissues from Zn-deficient and control rats.4. Zn deficiency eliminated the first band found in serum from control rats and it had selective effects on the activity of individual bands in other tissues. The major inhibitory effect was on the first bands of enzyme activity in kidney and femur, but in small intestine only the second band was affected. In liver the activity of the first band was increased and that of the second band decreased by similar amounts.

The assessment of zinc status of an animal from the uptake of65Zn by the cells of whole blood in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Chesters ◽  
Marie Will
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

1.65Zn uptake by blood cells in vitro has been compared with plasma Zn concentration and plasma alkaline phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) activity as indicators of an animal's Zn status.2. Dietary Zn deficiency, low food intake, reduced dietary protein content and endotoxin administration all reduced plasma Zn concentration in the rat. In each case there was a parallel reduction in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in65Zn uptake in vitro by cells of whole blood.3. A similar relationship between the three measurements existed in sheep with lowered plasma Zn concentrations whether these were caused by dietary deficiency or by post-surgical stress.4.65Zn uptake by cells of whole blood did not differentiate dietary Zn deficiency from the other factors which reduce plasma Zn under ‘field’ conditions.5.65Zn uptake by the cells in whole blood in vitro was three to five times less rapid in blood of ruminant origin than in that from non-ruminants. This difference related to the erythrocytes rather than to the leukocytes or the plasma.

scholarly journals Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent and spatially dependent over short distances in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamu Belay ◽  
Dawd Gashu ◽  
Edward J. M. Joy ◽  
R. Murray Lark ◽  
Christopher Chagumaira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Zn Status

AbstractZinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for human health. In Ethiopia, a high prevalence of Zn deficiency has been reported. To explore demographic variation and spatial dependencies in the Zn status of the Ethiopian population, we analyzed archived serum samples (n = 3373) from the 2015 Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS), a cross-sectional survey of young children, school-age children, women of reproductive age (WRA) and men conducted in all 9 regions and two city administration of Ethiopia. Serum Zn concentrations, measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), were compared to thresholds based on age, sex, fasting status, and time of blood collection, after adjusting for inflammation status. Median serum Zn concentration of the population was 57.5 μg dL−1. Overall, it is estimated that 72% of the population was Zn deficient, with high prevalence in all demographic groups. Spatial statistical analysis showed that there was spatial dependence in Zn status of WRA at distances of up to 45 km. Zinc deficiency is spatially dependent over short distances. Although WRA in most areas are likely to be Zn deficient, prevalence of deficiency varies at regional scale and between rural and urban inhabitants, suggesting there is scope to explore drivers of this variation, prioritize nutritional interventions, and to design more representative surveillance programs.

scholarly journals Zinc Deficiency Inhibits Chlorophyll Synthesis and Gas Exchange in `Stuart' Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hening Hu ◽  
Darrell Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Zn Concentration

Leaves of `Stuart' pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] with various levels of Zn deficiency were analyzed for physiological indicators of leaf vigor. Leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthesis were adversely affected by Zn deficiency. In leaves with severe Zn deficiency, each of these indicators increased 3- to 5-fold with a doubling of leaf Zn concentration, but stabilized as leaf Zn approached the sufficiency range (14 μg·g-1). High intercellular CO2 associated with low net photosynthesis indicates that stomatal aperture was not the cause of the reduction of net photosynthesis under Zn deficiency.

scholarly journals Is zinc a limiting nutrient in the diets of rural pregnant Malawian women?

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet-Marie Huddle ◽  
Rosalind S. Gibson ◽  
Timothy R. Cullinan
Keyword(s):  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Tissue ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Tissue Accretion ◽  
Height For Age

Pregnant women consuming plant-based diets are at risk of Zn deficiency; Zn requirements for fetal growth and maternal tissue accretion are high. Therefore we have studied, at 24 and 33 weeks gestation, the Zn status of eighty-seven pregnant rural Malawian women (mean age 22·7 years) who consume maize-based diets, using anthropometry, dietary intake data, plasma and hair Zn concentrations, and infection status via serum C-reactive protein, leucocyte count, and malaria blood smear. Of the women, 12% were stunted (height-for-age Z score < -2 SD) and 20% lost weight over the 9-week period; weight gain averaged 0·13 kg/week. Mean plasma Zn concentration declined significantly from 24 to 33 weeks (7·9 (SD 2·2) v. 6·6 (SD 2·0) μmol/l; P < 0·0003). Both plasma and hair Zn values were very low; nearly 50% of the women had both plasma and hair Zn values below acceptable cut-off values. No significant differences in biochemical Zn indices existed between those who tested positive and negative for infection. Cereals (mainly maize) provided more than two-thirds of mean energy intake compared with less than 5% from flesh foods. As a result about 60% of the subjects had dietary phytate: Zn molar ratios greater than 15, and more than 35% had inadequate Zn intakes based on probability estimates and WHO basal requirements. Biochemical evidence of Zn deficiency was attributed in part to low intakes of poorly available Zn. The anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data together indicate that Zn deficiency may be a factor limiting pregnancy outcome in rural Malawian women.

Zinc application enhances grain zinc density in genetically-zinc-biofortified wheat grown on a low-zinc calcareous soil

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

Human zinc (Zn) deficiency is a worldwide problem, especially in developing countries due to the prevalence of cereals in the diet. Among different alleviation strategies, genetic Zn biofortification is considered a sustainable approach. However, it may depend on Zn availability from soils. We grew Zincol-16 (genetically-Zn-biofortified wheat) and Faisalabad-08 (widely grown standard wheat) in pots with (8 mg kg−1) or without Zn application. The cultivars were grown in a low-Zn calcareous soil. The grain yield of both cultivars was significantly (P≤0.05) increased with that without Zn application. As compared to Faisalabad-08, Zincol-16 had 23 and 41% more grain Zn concentration respectively at control and applied rate of Zn. Faisalabad-08 accumulated about 18% more grain Zn concentration with Zn than Zincol-16 without Zn application. A near target level of grain Zn concentration (36 mg kg−1) was achieved in Zincol-16 only with Zn fertilisation. Over all, the findings clearly signify the importance of agronomic Zn biofortification of genetically Zn-biofortified wheat grown on a low-Zn calcareous soil.

Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Development in Eight Cultivars of Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E. Yates ◽  
C.C. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Appreciable Variation

The influence of stage of fruit development and plant growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis and the relation of cultivar response on somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant development have been investigated in eight cultivars of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Explants from the micropylar region of the ovule were more embryogenic when removed from fruits in the liquid endosperm stage than were intact ovules from less-mature fruits or from cotyledonary segments of more-mature fruits. Explants conditioned on medium containing auxin alone or auxin + cytokinin produced more somatic embryos than medium containing cytokinin alone. Under the conditions of this study, frequency of embryogenesis, as well as the germination of somatic embryos leading to plant development, indicated appreciable variation among cultivars. Plant development was greatest by far from somatic embryos of `Schley' than other cultivars studied.

Response of durum wheat to different levels of zinc and Fusarium pseudograminearum

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin S. Al-Fahdawi ◽  
Jason A. Able ◽  
Margaret Evans ◽  
Amanda J. Able
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Zn Concentration

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is susceptible to Fusarium pseudograminearum and sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in Australian soils. However, little is known about the interaction between these two potentially yield-limiting factors, especially for Australian durum varieties. The critical Zn concentration (concentration of Zn in the plant when there is a 10% reduction in yield) and degree of susceptibility to F. pseudograminearum was therefore determined for five Australian durum varieties (Yawa, Hyperno, Tjilkuri, WID802, UAD1153303). Critical Zn concentration averaged 24.6 mg kg–1 for all durum varieties but differed for the individual varieties (mg kg–1: Yawa, 21.7; Hyperno, 22.7; Tjilkuri, 24.1; WID802, 24.8; UAD1153303, 28.7). Zinc efficiency also varied amongst genotypes (39–52%). However, Zn utilisation was similar amongst genotypes under Zn-deficient or Zn-sufficient conditions (0.51–0.59 and 0.017–0.022 g DM μg–1 Zn, respectively). All varieties were susceptible to F. pseudograminearum but the development of symptoms and detrimental effect on shoot biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in Tjilkuri. Even though crown rot symptoms may still be present, the supply of adequate Zn in the soil helped to maintain biomass and grain yield in all durum varieties. However, the extent to which durum varieties were protected from plant growth penalties due to crown rot by Zn treatment was genotype-dependent.

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