scholarly journals The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Longstaff ◽  
J. M. McNAB
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Field Beans

The effects of polysaccharides and tannins present in the hulls of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid were studied in poultry. A control diet without hulls and the same diet substituted with 400 g hulls/kg diet from three different varieties of beans were fed to 3-week-old chicks for 4 d. Digestibility coefficients for amino acids, starch and lipid were calculated from measurements made of these nutrients in the diets and the freeze-dried excreta with the aid of titanium dioxide as a marker. Activities of trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in digesta removed from the upper jejunum, sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) in the gut mucosa from the upper jejunum, and α-amylase and lipase in the pancreas were measured. The hulls were analysed for their polysaccharide and tannin contents. Results showed that the hulls were mostly carbohydrate in composition, with cellulose the predominant polysaccharide. Tannins present in the hulls of two coloured-flowering varieties (Brunette and Minica) were of the condensed type. The diet with tannin-free hulls (white-flowering variety Medes) lowered slightly the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid compared with the control diet. This effect was believed to be due to inhibition of digestive enzymes, possibly through their adsorption onto the hulls. Diets with tannin-rich hulls (varieties Brunette and Minica) caused a large reduction in the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid compared with the control diet mainly due to inactivation of digestive enzymes by the formation of tannin–enzyme complexes in the digestive tract. Enzyme activities could be partially restored by the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone to the digesta. Tannins inactivated trypsin the most, α-amylase to a lesser extent and lipase the least and as a consequence lowered the digestion of amino acids the most, starch to a lesser extent and lipid the least. Tannins did not induce an increased pancreatic production of digestive enzymes, nor did they affect activity of jejunum mucosal sucrase. Condensed tannins from Brunette and Minica hulls were partially extractable in methanol alone, but required acidic methanol for fuller extraction. The vanillin: anthocyanidin ratio suggested that tannins were polymerized to the same degree in the Brunette and Minica varieties, both in the methanol and acidic methanol extracts. Hulls from the variety Minica contained a greater amount of methanol-extractable tannins, the quantity of remaining tannins that required acidic methanol for extraction being the same for both varieties.

scholarly journals The effect of proanthocyanidin-rich hulls and proanthocyanidin extracts from bean (Vicia faba L.) hulls on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities in young chicks

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yuste ◽  
M. Longstaff ◽  
C. McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Proanthocyanidins were prepared from three bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties by extracting hulls in aqueous acetone. The amounts of freeze-dried extracts recovered were 74, 89 and 97 g/kg hull for the varieties Brunette, Statissa and Minica respectively. Chicks (3 weeks old) were fed on a maize–soya-bean control diet or the same control diet substituted with either 30 g proanthocyanidin extracts/kg or 300 g proanthocyanidin-rich hulls/kg. Chicks were tube-fed diets twice daily for 4 d. Nutrient digestibilities were calculated from amounts present in diets and freeze-dried excreta with the aid of titanium dioxide as a marker. Enzyme activities were measured in digesta removed from the jejunum. Extracts of proanthocyanidins depressed the digestibility of protein by 34%, starch by 3% and had no effect on the digestibility of lipid. Proanthocyanidin-rich hulls depressed the digestibility of protein by 62%, starch by 6% and lipid by 4%. Digestive enzyme activities were depressed to the same extent by extracts and hulls, trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) by 55 and 62%, α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) by 75 and 78% and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) by 31 and 32% for proanthocyanidin-extract and proanthocyanidin-rich-hull diets respectively. The susceptibility of substrates as well as enzymes to the effects of proanthocyanidins is discussed.

Performance of two strains of laying fowl fed on diets containing field beans (Vicia faba L.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Wilson ◽  
P. W. Teague
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Field Beans

SUMMARYFifteen hundred Thornber 808 and 909 female chicks were reared for 126 days from day-old on conventional diets or on diets with 200 g field beans/kg. From 127 to 490 days they were offered a control diet or diets with 100 or 200 g field beans/kg. When the diets fed from 127 to 490 days contained 0 or 200 g field beans/kg their food intakes were 45·4 and 44·6 kg/bird and they laid 235 and 233 eggs, respectively. The differences were not significant. Efficiency of food conversion to egg mass was significantly reduced from 0·310 to 0·303 when beans were increased from 100 to 200 g/kg of diet and mean egg weight was significantly reduced from 58·9 to 57·6 g when beans were included at 200 g/kg of diet in the 127- to 490-day period.

THE INCIDENCE OF BEAN LEAF ROLL VIRUS IN SOME VARIETIES OF FIELD BEANS (VICIA FABA L.)

1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. A. Aldrich ◽  
A. J. Gibbs ◽  
L. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Field Beans

The effects of growth regulators, seed rates and row spacings on field beans (Vicia faba L.)

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Field Beans

SummaryFour growth regulators were tested: N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (aminozide); N-pyrrolidinosuccinamic acid (F529); 2-chloroethyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (JF2579); potassium 2(3-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy) propionate (JF3072); all shortened stems. JF2579 and JF3072 were phytotoxic and lessened yield. Aminozide and F529 (tested in 1970 only) did not affect yield in 1970 but aminozide increased yield by 28% in 1971. Seed rates and row spacings had small effects on yield which varied with season. Growth regulators did not interact with seed rates or row spacing. Plant density and growth regulators had effects on yield via the number of stems and pods per stem. The effects of season on yield were greater and were caused via 100 grain weight. Speculative hypotheses are suggested to explain the different actions of season and treatments.

scholarly journals The Influence of Fertilization on Crop Quality and Field Beans (Vicia Faba L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian BOTOŞ ◽  
Florin IMBREA ◽  
Paul PÎRŞAN ◽  
David GHEORGHE
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Good Behaviour

Results obtained on the cambic chemozen soil Timisoara in thet good behaviour of the Montana cultivar in which, due to fertilising with N90P60K60 yield was over 2700 kg/ha. Content in protein depending on cultivar and nitrogen dose varied between 23,8% and 25.5%, and protein yield varied between 381 and 692 kg/ha

A survey of the analytical composition of field beans (Vicia faba L.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eden
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Matter Basis

SUMMARYStudies were made of the proximate and mineral compositions of modern strains of both spring· and winter-sown beans. The majority of the winter beans were of the Throws M.S. variety, of the spring beans Minors. On the dry-matter basis spring beans averaged 31·4% crude.protein, winter beans 26·5%—a highly significant difference. The true protein values showed a parallel trend. Winter beans averaged 9% crude fibre, spring beans 8%, again a highly significant difference. The strains confirmed the usually accepted levels of oil and of the principal mineral components, except that modern beans appear to be richer in phosphorus.

scholarly journals Jasmonate-independent regulation of digestive enzyme activity in the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3749-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Kocáb ◽  
Jana Jakšová ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
René Lenobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Abstract Carnivorous plants within the order Caryophyllales use jasmonates, a class of phytohormone, in the regulation of digestive enzyme activities. We used the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina from the order Lamiales to investigate whether jasmonate signaling is a universal and ubiquitous signaling pathway that exists outside the order Caryophyllales. We measured the electrical signals, enzyme activities, and phytohormone tissue levels in response to prey capture. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins in the digestive secretion. We identified eight enzymes in the digestive secretion, many of which were previously found in other genera of carnivorous plants. Among them, alpha-amylase is unique in carnivorous plants. Enzymatic activities increased in response to prey capture; however, the tissue content of jasmonic acid and its isoleucine conjugate remained rather low in contrast to the jasmonate response to wounding. Enzyme activities did not increase in response to the exogenous application of jasmonic acid or coronatine. Whereas similar digestive enzymes were co-opted from plant defense mechanisms among carnivorous plants, the mode of their regulation differs. The butterwort has not co-opted jasmonate signaling for the induction of enzyme activities in response to prey capture. Moreover, the presence of alpha-amylase in digestive fluid of P. × Tina, which has not been found in other genera of carnivorous plants, might indicate that non-defense-related genes have also been co-opted for carnivory.

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