The vitamin E nutritional status of rats fed on diets high in fish oil, linseed oil or sunflower seed oil

Twelve groups of eight rats and two control groups of sixteen rats were given semisynthetic diets with 40% energy as fat for a period of 76 d. All diets contained a minimum of 3% energy as linoleic acid and comparable basal levels of D-α- and D-γ-tocopherol. The diets varied in fat composition and in the content of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate. The diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were either rich in fish oil (FO; groups 1–4; 10% energy as fish oil PUFA), linseed oil (LN; groups 1–4; 10% energy as α-linolenic acid) or sunflower seed oil (SF; groups 1–4; 10 + 3% energy as linoleic acid). The control groups were given a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; CO 1; 10 + 13% energy as oleic acid) or a diet with an ‘average’ linoleic acid content (CO 2; 8.5% energy as linoleic acid). Of each high PUFA diet three groups were supplemented with graded levels of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate. Steatitis, a sensitive histopathological indicator of vitamin E deficiency in animals fed on diets rich in fatty acids with three or more double bonds, was observed only in the adipose tissue of the FO groups, even in the group with the highest DL-α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation. Liver and serum α- tocopherol levels were found to be positively correlated and liver and serum γ-tocopherol levels negatively correlated with dietary DL-α-tocopheryl acetate. The groups on the FO diets had significantly reduced liver and serum tocopherol levels in comparison with the groups on the other high-PUFA diets. With the supplementation scheme used for the FO groups the liver α-tocopherol levels of both control groups were reached but the serum control levels were not.

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Control of Dietary Energy Level and dl-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate Treatment Can Improve the Lipid Composition of Lamb Meat

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.73.3.171 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 171-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Salvatori ◽

Maiorano ◽

Pantaleo ◽

Brienza ◽

Filetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Energy Level ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Low Energy ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Lamb Meat ◽

Total Fat

A diet rich in saturated fatty acids promotes plasmatic cholesterol levels and coronary disease in humans, whereas a high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces atheromatous plaque thickness. This study aimed at establishing a dietary energy level, which combined with intramuscular vitamin E treatment, would improve the nutritional lipid quality and shelf-life of lamb meat. Twenty male lambs were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment: they were fed a low- and normal-energy diet (0.85 and 1.00 UFV NE/kg DM, respectively), and were injected intramuscularly with 0 and 150 IU dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/weekly for eight weeks. Thereafter, total fat, cholesterol, fatty acid profile, and lipostability were measured in meat samples. Meat total fat was significantly reduced by low energy intake diet and vitamin E administration. Cholesterol was significantly lower in meat from lambs fed the 0.85 UFV NE/kg DM diet. Vitamin E treatment increased linoleic acid percent values and decreased myristic acid levels. Moreover, linoleic acid percentage was inversely correlated with muscle total fat concentration. Meat sensitivity to lipoperoxidation was inversely correlated with muscle vitamin E concentration. This study demonstrates that nutritional characteristics and shelf-life of meat benefit from a low-energy diet and intramuscular vitamin E treatment.

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Milk performance of dairy cows supplemented with rape seed oil, peanut oil, and sunflower seed oil

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1434-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 181-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

X.J. Dai ◽

C. Wang ◽

Q. Zhu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Peanut Oil ◽

Plant Oils ◽

Sunflower Seed Oil

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementing different plant oils to the basal diet on milk yield and milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 120 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 580 ± 18.2 kg; milk yield = 33.0 ± 2.00 kg/day) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned to four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% rapeseed oil (RSO), 2% peanut oil (PNO) and 2% sunflower seed oil (SFO). Milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose) were measured. Dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. The supplementation of plant oil increased milk yield, with the highest milk yield in RSO group. Percentages of milk fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and SCC were not affected by treatments except for an increase in milk protein content in oil supplemented groups. The fatty acid (FA) profile of milk was altered by fat supplementation. Feeding plant oils reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C4:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) fatty acids, and increased the proportion of long-chain (≥ C18:0) fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of vegetable oils increased the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat was higher from RSO to PNO and SFO was higher than the control. The TVA concentration was higher in the SFO diet, followed by PNO, RSO, and control diets. The results of this study indicated that linoleic acid was more effective in enhancing contents of TVA and CLA in milk fat than oleic acid. No significant effects of week and treatment by week interaction were found out in this study. Overall, feeding plant oils increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in milk fat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RSO increases milk yield the most, while SFO enhances the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat more effectively.

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Enzymatic preparation of phytosterol esters with fatty acids from high-oleic sunflower seed oil using response surface methodology

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra01486b ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (25) ◽

pp. 15204-15212

Author(s):

Xiaoping Wang ◽

Bing Xiao ◽

Guolong Yang ◽

Jingnan Chen ◽

Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Enzymatic Preparation ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

High Oleic ◽

Sunflower Seed Oil ◽

Phytosterol Esters

Enzymatic preparation of phytosterol esters with fatty acids from high-oleic sunflower seed oil has been established with very mild reaction conditions.

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Fatty acid composition of serum lipid classes in mice following allergic sensitisation with or without dietary docosahexaenoic acid-enriched fish oil substitution

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507862374 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 1239-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ralph Rühl ◽

Christin Koch ◽

Tamás Marosvölgyi ◽

Johanna Mihály ◽

Florian J. Schweigert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Lipid Classes ◽

Allergic Sensitisation ◽

Sunflower Seed Oil

Dietary fatty acids have been shown to influence allergic sensitisation. Both n-3 and n-6 PUFA are involved in targeted mediation of inflammatory responses during allergic sensitisation and manifestation of atopic diseases. In the present experiments we investigated whether supplementation of DHA-enriched fish oil partly substituting dietary sunflower-seed oil, in comparison with sunflower-seed oil, supplemented to mice influences fatty acid composition of serum lipid classes. The effects of the two different diets were also investigated depending on allergic sensitisation. Supplementation of DHA and EPA in doses of 2 and 0·12 % (w/w) to non-sensitised and sensitised mice resulted in significantly increased percentile contributions of DHA to all lipid classes. In contrast, serum values of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly lower, both in non-sensitised and sensitised mice fed the DHA-enriched diet. The fatty acid composition of serum lipids also reflected allergic sensitisation: the EPA:AA ratio in TAG, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids in non-supplemented animals fell to 23, 29 and 29 % respectively of the original value after allergic sensitisation, whereas it decreased to 70, 80 and 76 % respectively only in the animals supplemented with DHA. In summary, allergic sensitisation alone decreased significantly the EPA:AA ratios in serum TAG, while concomitant supplementation of DHA-enriched fish oil ameliorated this decrease. We postulate from the present results that the amelioration of the severity of allergic sensitisation after DHA supplementation may be linked to altered ratios of the eicosanoid precursors EPA and AA as well as DHA needed for further metabolic activation to pro- or anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids.

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Influence of dietary lipids on arrhythmias and infarction after coronary artery ligation in rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y85-232 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 1411-1417 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

P. L. McLennan ◽

M. Y. Abeywardena ◽

J. S. Charnock

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Infarct Size ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Coronary Artery Ligation ◽

Artery Ligation ◽

Sunflower Seed Oil ◽

Kidney Fat

Coronary artery ligation (CAL) was used to produce an in vivo model of cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial infarction using anaesthetized male Hooded Wistar rats which had been fed for 6–7 or 18–20 months on either a standard reference diet alone or supplemented (12% w/w) with sunflower seed oil (linoleic acid rich) or sheep kidney fat (linoleic acid poor). The number of ventricular extra beats and duration of tachycardia or fibrillation in the 30-min postligation was increased in sheep kidney fat-fed rats. Infarct size 4 h postCAL was reduced in sunflower seed oil-fed rats. Arrhythmias, infarct size, and dietary-induced differences were increased with age. The diets employed produce changes in myocardial membrane phospholipids which could result in altered prostaglandin production. These results show that in the rat (as in man), age and dietary saturated fat are risk factors for sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction and suggest that the rat is a useful model for the investigation of dietary interventions in heart disease.

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Effects of fish oil and starch added to a diet containing sunflower-seed oil on dairy goat performance, milk fatty acid composition and in vivo Δ9-desaturation of [13C]vaccenic acid

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510000486 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 346-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Laurence Bernard ◽

Julien Mouriot ◽

Jacques Rouel ◽

Frédéric Glasser ◽

Pierre Capitan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Vaccenic Acid ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Sunflower Seed Oil ◽

Δ9 Desaturase ◽

Dietary Treatments

The potential benefits on human health have prompted an interest in developing nutritional strategies for specifically increasing rumenic acid (RA) in ruminant milk. The aims of the present study were to (i) compare two dietary treatments with lipid supplements on milk yield and composition, (ii) measure the in vivo Δ9-desaturation of vaccenic acid (VA) to RA using 13C-labelled VA and (iii) determine the effect of the dietary treatments on this variable. Treatments were 90 g sunflower-seed oil (SO) per d or 60 g sunflower-seed oil and 30 g fish oil per d plus additional starch (SFO), in a grassland hay-based diet given to eight Alpine goats in a 2 × 2 cross-over design with 21 d experimental periods. Milk yield and composition were similar between treatments. Goats fed SFO had higher milk 6 : 0–16 : 0 concentration, lower milk ΣC18 concentrations and showed no effect on milk VA and RA, compared with SO. At the end of the experiment, intravenous injection of 1·5 g [13C]VA followed by measurements of milk lipid 13C enrichment showed that in vivo 31·7 and 31·6 % of VA was Δ9-desaturated into milk RA in the caprine with the SO and SFO treatments, respectively. The expression of genes encoding for Δ9-desaturase (or stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SCD1, SCD5) in mammary tissues and four milk Δ9-desaturation ratios were similar between treatments. In conclusion, the present study provides the first estimates of in vivo endogenous synthesis of RA (63–73 % of milk RA) from VA in goats, and shows no difference between the two lipid supplements compared.

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