KUALITAS INTERNAL TELUR AYAM MB 402 YANG DIBERI RANSUM MENGANDUNG MINYAK LIMBAH IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis L)

INTERNAL QUALITY OF STRAIN MB 402 LAYING HEN EGG CONSUMING DIETS CONSISTED OF CAKALANG (Skipjack Tuna) FISH OIL WASTE. The purpose of the present study was to determine the inclusion of cakalang (Skipjack tuna) fish oil waste (STO) in the diets on egg weight, egg yolk weight, and egg yellow color. A total of 100 MB 402 laying hen aged 36 weeks old were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 5 replications, each cage unit consisting of 4 chickens. The treatments used were: basal ration without STO (R0), basal feed 99% + 1% STO (R1), basal ration 98% + 2% STO (R2), basal ration 97% + 3% STO (R3), basal ration 96% + 4% STO (R4). The variables measured were: egg weight, yolk weight, and egg yolk color. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used as an experimental design. Research results showed that the inclusion of cakalang (Skipjack tuna) fish oil waste (STO) in the diets of MB 402 laying hen did not give a significant (P > 0.05) effect on egg weight, yolk weight, and egg yolk color. It can be concluded that the inclusion of skipjack fish waste in diets up to 4% has no substantial effect on the internal quality of eggs.Keywords: Cakalang (Skipjack tuna) fish oil waste, MB 402 laying hen, egg internal quality.

Transfer Omega-3 Melalui Kapsulisasi dan L-Karnitin Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kandungan Asam Lemak Daging dan Sate Kambing

<p><em>The objective of this study were to find out and to compare the effect of supplementation of L-carnitine and tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil on fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida, TBA number.</em></p><p><em> The materials used were 20 male PE (Peranakan Etawah) goats of 2 until 3 month old and 15.5-23.5 kilogram body weight. The feedstuff used were wild grass, yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal, coconut meal, mineral premix. L-carnitine, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design. There were 4 treatments in each treatment and 5 replication. Treatment consisted of P₀= control ration, P₁=P₀ +L-carnitine 50 ppm, P₂=P₁ + tuna fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration, and P₃=P₁+ lemuru fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration. The variables measuared fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number..</em></p><p><em> The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of supplementation of tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil (P₂and P₃) in the rations contain 50 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P&lt;0.01) on faty acid saturated, faty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number.</em></p><p><em>The conclusion of this research shows that the supplementation of 50 ppm L-carnitine, tuna and lemuru fish oil 5ml that was equal to 4% in goat rations can incrase non saturated fatty acid from 59,74 to 67,36%, than to decreased saturated fatty acid from 40,26 to 32,64 %. Proces burned of meat goat to increase peroxida from 0.1437 until 0.1615 miliequivalen/kg and malonaldehyde from 1,807 until 2,440 mg/kg then to decrease concentration omega-3 fatty acid from 5,957 until 5,945%.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words : saturated fatty acid, non saturated fatty acid , L-carnitine, tuna, lemuru fish oils</em><em></em></p>

Transfer Omega-3 Melalui Kapsulisasi dan L-Karnitin Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kandungan Asam Lemak Daging dan Sate Kambing

<p><em>The objective of this study were to find out and to compare the effect of supplementation of L-carnitine and tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil on fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida, TBA number.</em></p><p><em> The materials used were 20 male PE (Peranakan Etawah) goats of 2 until 3 month old and 15.5-23.5 kilogram body weight. The feedstuff used were wild grass, yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal, coconut meal, mineral premix. L-carnitine, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design. There were 4 treatments in each treatment and 5 replication. Treatment consisted of P₀= control ration, P₁=P₀ +L-carnitine 50 ppm, P₂=P₁ + tuna fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration, and P₃=P₁+ lemuru fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration. The variables measuared fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number..</em></p><p><em> The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of supplementation of tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil (P₂and P₃) in the rations contain 50 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P&lt;0.01) on faty acid saturated, faty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number.</em></p><p><em>The conclusion of this research shows that the supplementation of 50 ppm L-carnitine, tuna and lemuru fish oil 5ml that was equal to 4% in goat rations can incrase non saturated fatty acid from 59,74 to 67,36%, than to decreased saturated fatty acid from 40,26 to 32,64 %. Proces burned of meat goat to increase peroxida from 0.1437 until 0.1615 miliequivalen/kg and malonaldehyde from 1,807 until 2,440 mg/kg then to decrease concentration omega-3 fatty acid from 5,957 until 5,945%.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words : saturated fatty acid, non saturated fatty acid , L-carnitine, tuna, lemuru fish oils</em><em></em></p>

Suplementasi L-Karnitin dan Asam Lemak PUFA Terproteksi dalam Ransum Limbah Pasar Organik Terfermentasi Pengaruhnya Terhadap Komposisi Kimiawi Air Susu Kambing

<p>The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of transfer protection PUFA and L-carnitin on the ration on chemist composition of dairy milk In total, 15 female dairy goats of 2-4 year this old Peranakan Etawah (PE) with body weight of 25-55 kg were used in this experiment. The assay diets included a basal diet (control) based on yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal and coconut meal, mineral, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design (RAK). There were 5 treatment in each treatment and 3 replication. Treatment consisted of P0 = control ration, P1 = P0 +50% market waste subtition grass on the ration, P2 = P1+500 ppm L-karnitin on the ration, P3 = P1+protection tuna fish oil 5% in the ration and P4 = P1+ protection lemuru fish oil 5% in the ration. The variables measuared content composition dairy milk goat. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of suplementation protection PUFA in the rations on market waste contain 500 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P&lt;0.01) of acid goats milk composition. The conclusion of this research shows that the suplementation protection PUFA in the ration contain 500 ppm L-carnitine, can decrease milk cholesterol from 0,482% to 0,420%, LDL from 45,30 to 33,13 mg/dl. There for to increase HDL from 54,70 to 66,87 mg/dl, omega-3 fatty acid from 1,10% to 4,04%, omega-6 fatty acid from 1,46% to 18,80 percent.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: composition dairy milk goats, L-carnitine, protection PUFA fatty acid</p>

Suplementasi L-Karnitin dan Asam Lemak PUFA Terproteksi dalam Ransum Limbah Pasar Organik Terfermentasi Pengaruhnya Terhadap Komposisi Kimiawi Air Susu Kambing

<p>The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of transfer protection PUFA and L-carnitin on the ration on chemist composition of dairy milk In total, 15 female dairy goats of 2-4 year this old Peranakan Etawah (PE) with body weight of 25-55 kg were used in this experiment. The assay diets included a basal diet (control) based on yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal and coconut meal, mineral, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design (RAK). There were 5 treatment in each treatment and 3 replication. Treatment consisted of P0 = control ration, P1 = P0 +50% market waste subtition grass on the ration, P2 = P1+500 ppm L-karnitin on the ration, P3 = P1+protection tuna fish oil 5% in the ration and P4 = P1+ protection lemuru fish oil 5% in the ration. The variables measuared content composition dairy milk goat. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of suplementation protection PUFA in the rations on market waste contain 500 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P&lt;0.01) of acid goats milk composition. The conclusion of this research shows that the suplementation protection PUFA in the ration contain 500 ppm L-carnitine, can decrease milk cholesterol from 0,482% to 0,420%, LDL from 45,30 to 33,13 mg/dl. There for to increase HDL from 54,70 to 66,87 mg/dl, omega-3 fatty acid from 1,10% to 4,04%, omega-6 fatty acid from 1,46% to 18,80 percent.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: composition dairy milk goats, L-carnitine, protection PUFA fatty acid</p>

KINETIKA OKSIDASI MINYAK IKAN TUNA (Thunus sp) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN (Kinetics Oxidation of Tuna Fish Oil (Thunus Sp) during Storage)

Tuna fish oil (Thunnus sp) contains omega-3 fatty acids. It can be easily damaged by oxidation during storage. The rate of oxidation can be estimated by zero or first order of reaction. This research aimed to study the oxidation reaction during storage by determining the amount of activation energy (Ea) and constant change (k). The results showed that the value of k increases from 0.11 to 2.07 at a temperature 0 oC for the peroxide value while the numbers of TBA and acid number, respectively 0.041 increased 1.002, and k value of the acid number of 0.02 to 0.30 to 10, 20, 30 anda 40 oC. The activation energy (Ea) of oxidation reaction produced 50.07 Kj/mol.K peroxide value; 42.43 Kj/mol.K acid value and 57.69 Kj/mol.K. TBA value. The kinetic study showed an increasing oxidative deterioration of tuna fish (Thunnus sp) oil during storage by following the reactions of zero order or the reaction occurred slowly.Keywords: Tuna fish oil (Thunnus sp), kinetics, activation energy (Ea), zero order and first-order reactionABSTRAKMinyak ikan tuna (Thunnus sp) mengandung asam lemak omega-3, sehingga mudah rusak akibat oksidasi selama penyimpanan. Kecepatan reaksi oksidasi dapat didekati melalui reaksi orde ke nol maupun orde pertama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari reaksi oksidasi selama penyimpanan dengan menentukan besaran energi aktivasi (Ea) dan konstanta perubahan (k). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai k meningkat dari 0,11 menjadi 2,07 pada suhu 0 oC untuk angka peroksida, angka TBA dan angka asam adalah 0,041 menjadi 1,002 dan 0,02 menjadi 0,30, yang terjadi pada suhu 10, 20, 30, dan 40 oC. Energi aktivasi (Ea) reaksi oksidasi yang menghasilkan angka peroksida 50,07 Kj/mol.K; angka asam 42,43 Kj/mol.K dan TBA 57,69 Kj/mol.K. Studi kinetika memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan laju reaksi kerusakan oksidasi minyak ikan tuna (Thunus sp) selama penyimpanan dengan mengikuti reaksi orde ke nol atau reaksi berlangsung secara lambat.Kata kunci: Minyak ikan tuna (Thunnus sp), kinetika (k), energi aktivasi (Ea), reaksi orde nol dan reaksi orde pertama

Muscle fatigue resistance in the rat hindlimbin vivofrom low dietary intakes of tuna fish oil that selectively increase phospholipidn-3 docosahexaenoic acid according to muscle fibre type

Dietary fish oil (FO) modulates muscle O2consumption and contractile function, predictive of effects on muscle fatigue. High doses unattainable through human diet and muscle stimulation parameters used engender uncertainty in their physiological relevance. We tested the hypothesis that nutritionally relevant FO doses can modulate membrane fatty acid composition and muscle fatigue. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomised to control (10 % olive oil (OO) by weight) or low or moderate FO diet (LowFO and ModFO) (HiDHA tuna fish oil) for 15 weeks (LowFO: 0·3 % FO, 9·7 % OO, 0·25 % energy as EPA+DHA; ModFO: 1·25 % FO, 8·75 % OO, 1·0 % energy as EPA+DHA). Hindlimb muscle function was assessed under anaesthesiain vivousing repetitive 5 s burst sciatic nerve stimulation (0·05 ms, 7–12 V, 5 Hz, 10 s duty cycle, 300 s). There were no dietary differences in maximum developed muscle force. Repetitive peak developed force fell to 50 % within 62 (sem10) s in controls and took longer to decline in FO-fed rats (LowFO 110 (sem15) s; ModFO 117 (sem14) s) (P<0·05). Force within bursts was better sustained with FO and maximum rates of force development and relaxation declined more slowly. The FO-fed rats incorporated higher muscle phospholipid DHA-relative percentages than controls (P<0·001). Incorporation of DHA was greater in the fast-twitch gastrocnemius (Control 9·3 (sem0·8) %, LowFO 19·9 (sem0·4), ModFO 24·3 (sem1·0)) than in the slow-twitch soleus muscle (Control 5·1 (sem0·2), LowFO 14·3 (sem0·7), ModFO 18·0 (sem1·4)) (P<0·001), which was comparable with the myocardium, in line with muscle fibre characteristics. The LowFO and ModFO diets, emulating human dietary and therapeutic supplement intake, respectively, both elicited muscle membrane DHA enrichment and fatigue resistance, providing a foundation for translating these physiological effects to humans.

PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI MINYAK IKAN DAN L-KARNITIN DALAM PAKAN JAGUNG KUNING TERFERMENTASI TERHADAP KECERNAAN PAKAN DAN PERFORMA PUYUH (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

<p><span><em>The research was aimed to determine the effect of fish oil and L-carnitine supplementation in </em><span><em>fermented yellow corn diets on the performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The experiment was </em><span><em>used 160 quails aged 70 days that were divided into five treatments and four replications. Each replication </em><span><em>consisted of eight female quails. The mean initial body weight was 156.60±9.61 g with Coefficient of </em><span><em>Variance (CV) of 6.14%. The in-vivo digestibility study was carried out on the last week using total </em><span><em>collection method. Two quails were chosen randomly from each cage and placed into individual </em><span><em>raised cages. Overall this experiment used 40 quails for nutrient digestibility study. The research was </em><span><em>carried out using a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were P</em><span><em>0 </em><span><em>= basal diet (ricebran, </em><span><em>concentrates, yellow corn), P1 = ricebran, concentrate and fermented yellow corn, P</em><span><em>2 </em><span><em>= P</em><span><em>1 </em><span><em>feed+10 ppm </em><span><em>of L-carnitine, P</em><span><em>3 </em><span><em>= P2 feed + 4% of tuna fish oil, and P</em><span><em>4 </em><span><em>= P</em><span><em>2 </em><span><em>feed + 4% of lemuru fish oil. The observed </em><span><em>variables were dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, extract ether digestibility, feed</em><br /><span><em>consumption, HDP, egg weight and feed conversion ratio. The results of variance analysis showed that <span><em>substitution of yellow corn with fermented yellow corn increased dry matter digestibility, organic matter </em><span><em>digestibility, extract ether digestibility, feed intake and egg weight, whereas the addition of L-carnitine in</em><br /><span><em>the diet of fermented yellow corn increased the value of the HDP and improved feed conversion. </em><span><em>Substitution of yellow corn with fermented yellow corn in the feed increased dry matter digestibility, </em><span><em>organic matter digestibility, extract ether digestibility, egg weight, whereas the addition of L-carnitine 10 </em><span><em>ppm in the feed of fermented yellow corn improved the HDP. Suplementation of tuna fish oil 4% in the </em><span><em>diets increased egg weight. Suplementation of tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil in the yellow corn </em><span><em>supplemented diets improved feed conversion of quail at production phase.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em>(Key words: Fermented yellow corn, Fish oil, L-carnitine, Growth performance, Japanese quail)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JAGUNG KUNING FERMENTASI DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID (PUFA) DAN L-KARNITIN TERHADAP DAYA TETAS TELUR PUYUH

<p><span><em>The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of feeding fermented yellow corn with </em><span><em>polyunsaturated fatty acid and L-Karnitin supplementation on the hatchability of quail (Coturnix-coturnix </em><span><em>japonica) egg. A number of 160 female and 40 male quails of 70 days old were used as experimental </em><span><em>animal. The present research was designed in oneway Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five </em><span><em>treatments and four replication, each replication contains of eight female and two males quails. The </em><span><em>dietary treatments were P0= basal diet, P1= P0 with 100% substitution at yellow corn by fermented yellow </em><span><em>corn, P2= P1 + 10 ppm L-karnitin, P3= P2 + 4% tuna fish oil, P4= P2 + 4% lemuru fish oil. Suplementation </em><span><em>of fish oil as polyunsaturated fatty acid source and L-karnitin in fermented yellow corn diet didn’t affect </em><span><em>eggs fertility, hatchability, and hatching quality, however, it significantly (P&lt;0.01) affected hatching weight. </em><span><em>The best result achieved in treatment P1 because it content yellow corn fermentation which increased the </em><span><em>weight of hatching. It can be concluded that feeding fermented yellow corn with supplementation of </em><span><em>polyunsaturated fatty acid source and L-karnitin quail eggs, increase DOQ hatching weight of quail eggs.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em>(Key words: Fermented yellow corn, Hatchability, L-karnitin, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Quail)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p>