Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Wale
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Direct Loss ◽  
Pea Seed ◽  
Bruchus Pisorum ◽  
Small Insect ◽  
Considerable Damage

Abstract The pea weevil is a small insect (up to 5 mm long) with good flight possibilities. The adults may fly up to 5 km in search of pea flowers. The larvae develop within a single pea seed; the pupae and newly emerged adults also remain there, so the pest is easily spread all over the world in seed (grain) trade. This is the reason why the pest can be found everywhere that pea is cultivated. It may be invasive in tropical, subtropical and warmer parts of temperate zones. It only has one generation per year, but is a prevalent pest on pea in many countries, causing considerable damage. Infestation by the pest causes economic losses, partly due to the direct loss of seed contents consumed by the pest and partly due to the fact that weevil-damaged seed has a lower germination rate and fetches a lower unit price.

Haemolytic activity in different species of the genus Prymnesium (Haptophyta)

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seoane ◽  
P. Riobó ◽  
J. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Fatty Acid Amides ◽  
The World ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Different Strains

The genus Prymnesium includes several species that produce toxins with cytotoxic, ichthyotoxic, neurotoxic and haemolytic activity. Bloom episodes of Prymnesium species have been reported from several parts of the world (North America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia), especially from temperate and subtropical regions and most of them from brackish waters. Blooms cause great economic losses to aquaculture and fisheries around the world. The ichthyotoxic and allelopathic effects of Prymnesium have been linked to the presence of Haemolysin 1, Prymnesins 1 and 2 and, more recently, fatty acids and fatty acid amides. The toxicology of this genus with regard to different growth conditions such as light, nutrients and other parameters has been well documented. It is unknown, however, whether different species and strains from the Prymnesium genus all produce the same types and level of toxins. In this study, we have determined the haemolytic activity of eight different strains from the genus Prymnesium in both exponential and stationary phases of growth. We have also evaluated the efficiency of the extraction solvent.

scholarly journals Thesis On The Impact Of Covid-19 On The Income And Employment Of The Population In Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Durdona Alisher Qizi Yuldashova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Covid-19 has revolutionized the economy around the world, including in Uzbekistan. The panic that followed the virus has led to even greater economic losses. In the following thesis, you will learn about employment, unemployment and income changes in Uzbekistan

scholarly journals The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Environment on China’s EconomicDevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengya Cao
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the financial crisis has affected the economies of all countries in the world. At that time, it seriously restricted the development of the world economy. From a modern perspective, the difficult period of the world economic crisis caused by the financial crisis has passed, but the negative impact of the economic crisis can not be eliminated in a short time. Dispersed, the crisis has brought both opportunities and challenges to the country as well as heavy economic losses. Under the background of economic globalization, only by making a scientific and effective analysis of the world economic situation and keeping up with the trend of the world economy, can we effectively promote the domestic economic development and industrial structure, and enable our economy to develop healthily and substantially.

Apple Leaf Disease Identification Based on Optimized Deep Neural Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Anitha Ruth J. ◽  
Uma R. ◽  
Meenakshi A.
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Disease Identification ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
The World ◽  
Apple Production

Apples are the most productive fruits in the world with a lot of medicinal and nutritional value. Significant economic losses occur frequently due to various diseases that occur on a huge scale of apple production. Consequently, the effective and timely discovery of apple leaf infection becomes compulsory. The proposed work uses optimal deep neural network for effectively identifying the diseases of apple trees. This work utilizes a convolution neural network to capture the features of Apple leaves. Extracted features are optimized with the help of the optimization algorithm. The optimized features are utilized in the leaf disease identification process. Here the traditional DNN algorithm is modified by means of weight optimization using adaptive monarch butterfly optimization (AMBO) algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed disease identification methodology based on the optimized deep neural network accomplishes an overall accuracy of 98.42%.

The Grain Trade During the World War.Frank M. Surface

1928 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-562
Author(s):  
Everett Cherrington Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Trade ◽  
The World

U.S. & Soviet Agriculture

Worldview ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
The U.S

Each day two 20,000-ton freighters loaded with grain leave the United States for the Soviet Union. This flow of grain between two major adversaries is influenced by economic considerations such as the size of the Soviet grain deficit, the U.S. capacity to supply, and the Soviet ability to pay. Political considerations include the risk to both trading partners of such a heavy interdependence, whether as supplier or market.Never before has a country dominated the world grain trade as the United States does today. Its 55 per cent share of world grain exports in 1981 easily overshadows Saudi Arabia's 24 per cent share of world oil exports in 1978. And while the amount of oil traded internationally has been falling since 1979, grain shipments are continuing to grow.

Windstorm and storm surges in Europe: loss trends and possible counter-actions from the viewpoint of an international reinsurer

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1831) ◽  
pp. 1431-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Berz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Design Code ◽  
The World

Windstorm disasters (including storm surges) account for about one-third of all natural disasters throughout the world (by number, fatalities and economic losses), but for more than two-thirds of the corresponding insured losses. Trend analyses reveal that major windstorm disasters and the losses generated by them have increased drastically in recent decades. Risk partnership between the state, the affected population and the insurance industry assumes a key role with regard to the windstorm hazard. Scientists, engineers and insurers must work together in formulating their requirements and shaping them in such a way that politicians can derive clearly recognizable policy options (e.g. land-use, restrictions, design-code adjustments) from them. Another important aspect is stepping up the efforts being made towards curbing climate change, which will, otherwise, exacerbate the risk in the future.

scholarly journals Psychological Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 360-363
Author(s):  
Minyoung Sim
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
The World ◽  
Secondary Stressors ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread across the world, reducing social interactions and causing substantial psychological distress and economic losses. This review summarizes the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of uncertainty, the loss of autonomy associated with preventive measures, and secondary stressors such as potential future economic losses.

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