Colletotrichum graminicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
New Hebrides

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum graminicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor] and its varieties, S. halepensis, Zea, Triticum, Secale and other cultivated and wild genera distributed amongst at least 8 of the 12 tribes of Gramineae (Wilson 1914; Sprague, 1950). Also recorded on lucerne, red clover, soyabean and sweet clover (41: 368; 35: 300; 30: 598). DISEASES: Red stalk rot of internodal stem tissues, anthracnose and red leaf spot, also seedling blight of sorghum. On maize, cereals and other grasses the leaf spot form is most frequently seen, the spots are elliptical to elongated, usually 1-2 cm but occasionally confluent particularly on the midrib, pale orange to blackish purple, the centres greyish with age. Leaf anthracnose and stalk rots are characterized by the reddish discolouration, but pigmentation varies greatly according to host. Root rot is also recorded. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togoland, Uganda, Zambia); Asia (Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, New Zealand), Europe (Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Rumania); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); Central America & West Indies (Cuba, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guyana). TRANSMISSION: Seasonal persistence is on infected crop residues and weed hosts; sporulation has been observed on sorghum stalks and stubble after overwintering in the field (Le Beau et al., 1951). Also seed transmitted (35: 653).

Drechslera incurvata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
New Hebrides

Abstract A description is provided for Drechslera incurvata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cocos nucifera. DISEASE: A leaf spot of young coconut (Cocos nucifera). The spots are at first small, oval, brown; enlarging and becoming pale buff in the centre with a broad, dark brown margin. In severe attacks the edges of leaves become extensively necrotic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Apart from records from Jamaica and Seychelles the fungus has been reported only from S.E. Asia, Australasia and Oceania: British Solomon Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Malaysia (W., Sabah, Sarawak), New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Thailand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably air dispersed.

Dysdercus sidae. [Distribution map].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dysdercus sidae Montr. (D. insular is Stål) (Hemipt., Pyrrhocoridae). Host Plants: Cotton, kapok, Hibiscus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AUSTRALASIA AND PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Fiji, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Niue, Papua & New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Wallis Islands, Irian Jaya.

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Pythium aphanidermatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium aphanidermatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts, often similar to those attacked by P. butleri, but inducing different symptoms, represented in the following families: Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Araceae, Basellaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Passifloraceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae, Violaceae, Vitaceae, Zingiberaceae. DISEASES: Damping-off of various seedlings; 'cottony-leak' of cucurbit fruit in storage; 'cottony blight' of turf grasses; root and stalk rot of maize. Other hosts: tobacco, sugar-beet, sugar-cane, papaw, pineapple, ginger, bean and cotton. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic, Fernando, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Sudan, Togo, Zambia); Asia (Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines, Sumatra); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Caledonia); North America (Canada, Mexico); Central America & West Indies (Antilles, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela); Europe Austria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Italy, Poland, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia). (CMI Map 309) TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Eggplant fruit become infected when blossom end is in contact with soil (5: 465). Readily isolated from soil using fresh potato cubes treated with streptomycin and pimaricin as baits (43, 1519; 43, 46) or seedling papaw roots in soil containing papaw tissue (43, 1720). Also recorded as seed-borne on tomato and cucurbits but doubtful whether seed-transmitted (see Noble et al., An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases, 1958, pp. 23, 25, 124).

Phoma sorghina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma sorghina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae and all kinds of plants. Also isolated from soil, air and various animal sources. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of cereals and grasses. The visible symptoms vary considerably; on sorghum leaves spots are usually irregular or rounded, yellowish-brown or grey with definite reddish-purple margins or indefinite in outline, reaching 1 cm or more in width. Pycnidia develop within spots on leaves, glumes and seeds. Also the fungus has been implicated with pre- and post-emergence death of seedlings of Macroptilium and Sylosanthes species (54, 1779) crown rot of bananas (61, 3556), leaf spot of Agave americana and stem rot of Euphorbia tirucalli (63, 3383), brown stem canker of Leucosperum cordifolium (56, 253). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: A ubiquitous fungus occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. Africa (Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands); Europe (Germany, Portugal, Italy, UK); North America (Canada, USA); Central America and West Indies (Antigua, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by contaminated seed; the fungus has been found on or isolated from several seed samples (1, 289; 33, 599; 47, 2153; 54, 1779; 60, 367; 61, 4102). In Taiwan P. sorghina has been found to be transmitted from seed to seedlings (62, 4281). The fungus has also been claimed to persist on trash and weed hosts and remain viable up to 1 yr but lose its viability after 2 yr storage on dry infected leaves (Koch & Rumbold, 1921).

Septoria cannabis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New Records ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria cannabis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Cannabis sativa (hemp). DISEASE: White leaf spot or leaf blight of hemp. Symptoms usually appear on basal leaves as round or ellipsoidal to polygonal, whitish or ochraceous yellow lesions with a conspicuous dark brown border. Affected leaves become curled and withered up towards the edges and fall prematurely leaving much of the lower part of the stem defoliated (15, 97, 805). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia, Europe and North America (CMI Map No. 477, ed. 1, 1971). New records not mapped are: Asia (Kashmir, Pakistan). TRANSMISSION: Detailed studies have not been reported but conidia are presumed to be disseminated by rain-splash and wind blown water. The fungus could also be carried over in crop residues.

Diplodia maydis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis

Abstract A description is provided for Diplodia maydis[Stenocarpella maydis]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Zea mays. Also on Arundinaria sp. DISEASES: Stalk rot, white ear rot, and seedling blight of maize. Roots may also become infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rhodesia, South Africa, Tanzania); Asia (India); Australasia (Australia); Europe (U.S.S.R.), North America (Canada, Mexico, United States); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia).

Cochliobolus setariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Leguminous Seeds

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus setariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Setaria italica, Pennisetum typhoides, Panicum fasciculatum, Brachiaria reptans and other cereals. Also isolated from soil and leguminous seeds. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Setaria italica, Cochliobolus setariae blight of brown top millet. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (India, Japan, China, Taiwan), Pacific Islands (New Caledonia); North America (USA); South America (Venezuela); Africa (Egypt). TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds and air-borne spores from infected crops.

Alternaria ricini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Seedling Blight

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria ricini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ricinus communis. DISEASE: Seedling blight, leaf spot, inflorescence and pod rot of castor. Leaf lesions are irregular in outline, variable in size but often quite large, brown, zonate, with a yellow halo. Defoliation can be extensive. The inflorescence is attacked at any age and eventually develops a sooty appearance as sporulation occurs under high humidity conditions. The capsules can wilt suddenly and become purple dark brown, the seed is poorly filled and may become infected; normal dehiscence fails. Alternatively a sunken area appears on one side of the capsule and eventually covers the whole of it, the seed is fairly well grown and dehiscence is normal. Seedlings which are infected have stunted cotyledons, become spotted and may be killed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Occurs in E. & W. Africa, S. Asia and S. & E. U.S.A., see CMI Map 345, ed. 2; one additional record is Angola. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne. Infected capsules can give rise to seed which may have the coat, caruncle or endosperm infected. Seeds from such capsules give diseased seedlings. Seed dressings did not completely control the disease (39: 211).

Mycosphaerella fijiensis. [Distribution map].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. Hosts: Banana (Musa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Cameroon, Gabon, ASIA, Indonesia (Java), Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Cook Islands, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Norfolk Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tahiti, Tonga, US Pacific Trust Territory.

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