Cochliobolus heterostrophus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Cochliobolus Heterostrophus ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Main Host ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Diffuse Lesion

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Generally on leaves of Zea mays, the main host, Euchlaena mexicana, Sorghum vulgare and many species of Gramineae (41: 40; 45, 3084; 48, 414; 50, 2257i). During an epidemic in USA caused by race T in 1970 no important hosts apart from Z. mays were noted (50, 2257b). DISEASE: Southern leaf blight of maize, forming very numerous lesions up to 2.5 cm long, mostly on the leaves. They are at first elliptical, then longitudinally elongate, becoming rectangular as restriction by the veins occurs; cinnamon-buff (sometimes with a purplish tint) with a reddish-brown margin and occasionally zonate, coalescing and becoming greyish with conidia. Symptoms caused by race T show a less well defined, somewhat diffuse lesion, with marginal chlorosis leading to leaf collapse, and all parts of the plant can be attacked. Perithecia have been recently reported in the field at the junction of leaf sheath and blade (50, 2257j). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics (CMI Map 346, ed. 3, 1969) but not reported from Australia. Records not yet mapped are: Brunei, Guatemala, Hawaii, Israel, Laos, Mexico, Salvador and Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably air-dispersed but no detailed studies seem to have been reported. During the recent USA outbreak the disease spread from Florida to Maine in c. 6 months (50, 2257c). Spread by seed occurs (50, 3690, 3692; Crosier & Boothroyd, Phytopathology 61: 427, 747).

Khuskia oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Khuskia oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, especially on monocotyledons and particularly on Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Zea mays and Musa spp. DISEASE: Causes cob and stalk rot of maize (11: 711; 12: 20; 13: 299, 571; 43, 3205; 44, 2123) and on sorghum as stem and grain infection (43, 727); it is common on banana debris in the western hemisphere and can cause discolouration in rice irain. On maize, symptoms develop towards maturity mostly on the shanks, husks and ears but also on the stems and stalks, where blackish, shallow lesions can occur. Ears may snap off at harvest; the cob becomes shredded and rotten through disintegration of the parenchyma, sparse mycelium and sporulation develop in the furrows between kernels and on the seed itself. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, principally as a member of the saprophytic flora on plant debris in warmer areas. TRANSMISSION: Infection of seed reduces its quality rather than causing the fungus to be really seed-borne. A diurnal periodicity has been reported for Nigrospora sphaerica and K. oryzae, with a peak at 0800-1000 hr, in the tropics (35: 383; 41: 242). Violent spore discharge, a rare phenomenon in the hyphomycetes, has been described for N. sphaerica (31: 56).

Trichometasphaeria turcica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Northern Leaf Blight ◽  
Setosphaeria Turcica ◽  
Seedling Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Trichometasphaeria turcica[Setosphaeria turcica]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Zea mays, Sorghum spp., Euchlaena mexicana and other Gramineae (RAM 41: 40). DISEASE: Northern leaf blight of maize and sorghum forming larger and fewer lesions than Cochlioholus heterostrophus (CMI Descript. 301), mostly on the leaves. They begin as small, dark, water-soaked areas, becoming irregular or elliptical, sometimes linear, brown then straw coloured or greyish, with red-purple or tan borders, often 4 × 10 cm or larger, coalescing and leading to death of leaves. Tassel infection on maize is less conspicuous, ear and crown rots and seedling infection occur (16: 450; 34: 716). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 257, ed. 3, 1968). Additional records not yet mapped are: Australia (NT), Cameroon, Ecuador, Fiji, Haiti, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan (E.) and Saudi Arabia. TRANSMISSION: Air-dispersed, probably violently discharged conidia and showing a diurnal periodicity with a forenoon max. (45, 795; 46, 114). The fungus occurs in seed and survives in host debris (15: 289; 19: 602).

Ustilaginoidea virens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Male Inflorescence ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
False Smut ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Short Time

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilaginoidea virens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa and Zea mays. DISEASE: False smut of rice appears as olive-green, velvety, globose masses, up to 1 cm diam. in some of the ears of the inflorescence. The spore ball, beneath the dark layer of mature spores, is orange-yellow, paling inwards until it is almost white, as it ages it becomes almost black. The glumes are closely applied to the lower part of the spore ball which is at first covered with a membrane. Infection, producing similar symptoms, has been reported on the male inflorescence of Zea mays (8: 716) and on wild species of Oryza. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the tropics, in U.S.A. (California and S.E. states) and in Italy (CMI Map 347, ed. 2, 1968). Records not yet mapped are Australia (NT), Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Laos. TRANSMISSION: There appears to be no evidence for seed transmission and the conidia are probably viable for a short time only. The air-borne conidia have a diurnal periodicity with peak at 22.00 hr, numbers being very low between 04.00 and 16.00 hr (46, 316). The ascospores of the reported perfect state may also be air-dispersed.

Glomerella tucumanensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Glomerella tucumanensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Saccharum officinarum, S. harberi, S. robustum, S. sinense, S. spontaneum, Erianthus giganteus, E. munja, Leptochloa dubia, L. filiformis, Sorghum halepense, S. vulgare, S. vulgare var. sudanense. Also on Narenga sp. and Zea mays on inoculation. DISEASE: Red rot of sugarcane, characterized by the occurrence within the stem of red areas with white centres or flecks and reddening of vascular strands. Attack also occurs on leaf sheath and midrib where small lesions may become confluent. Lesions on the leaf blades normally remain small. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Present in almost all sugarcane growing areas. (CMI Map 186) TRANSMISSION: From soil, in infected crop residues; in Louisiana, trash contained perithecia from February to May (42: 486). Ascospores can be dispersed aerially to give rise to secondary infections of the upper nodes; conidia more usually in irrigation water. The fungus may be present in nodes of apparently healthy stock (30: 544) and therefore can be transmitted during propagation.

scholarly journals First Report of Southern Leaf Blight Caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus on Corn (Zea mays) in Fujian Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Dai ◽  
X. J. Yang ◽  
L. Gan ◽  
F. R. Chen ◽  
H. C. Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Cochliobolus Heterostrophus ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
First Report ◽  
Southern Leaf Blight

Puccinia sorghi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Puccinia Sorghi ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia sorghi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on some 30 species of Oxalis including O. corniculata (some of these by artificial inoculation only). Uredia and telia on Euchlaena mexicana, E. perennis and Zea mays. DISEASE: Rust of maize causing chlorosis and death of leaves and leaf sheaths. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The aecial infection is limited in distribution to temperate regions in Europe, the United States of America, Mexico and South Africa, with one record from Nepal (C.P. News 7: 59, 1961). The uredial and telial stages are practically co-extensive with the distribution of their hosts (CMI Map 279). In the tropics it is less common than Puccinia polysora below 4, 000 feet. TRANSMISSION: By air (Phytopathology 47: 101-7), by seed (Reyes, Philippine J. Agric. 18: 115-128; 1953) and probably also by infected or contaminated material.

Ramulispora sorghi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Anahosur
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Leaf Stripe ◽  
Infection Disease

Abstract A description is provided for Ramulispora sorghi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sorghum almum, S. bicolor, S. caffrorum, S. halepense, S. purpureosericeum, S. saccharatum, S. sudanense, S. vulgare. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf stripe or sooty stripe. Elongated, elliptical or spindle shaped spots 5-14 × 1-2 cm with straw coloured necrotic centres and reddish-purple or tan borders appear on leaves and leaf sheaths. Spots coalesce to cause a leaf blight. Black sclerotia, which can be brushed off easily, are abundant on necrotic areas (Tarr, 1962). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (W. Africa, Ethiopia, Rhodesia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia); Asia (China, India, Pakistan); Australia (Queensland); South America (Argentina); USA (Alabama, Nebraska, Texas). TRANSMISSION: Sclerotia and sporodochia on crop debris produce conidia in damp weather thus acting as sources of primary infection. Disease spread is favoured by wind and rain under warm and moist conditions which favour sporulation (Tarr, 1962). Sclerotia and sporodochia remain viable up to 2 years (Rawla et al., 1974). The fungus is also transmitted through seeds (21, 286; 47, 807).

Spiroplasma kunkelii. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb, Chen et al. Bacteria. Hosts: maize (Zea mays), sweetcorn (Zea mays subsp. mays), teosinte (Zea mexicana) and perennial teosinte (Zea perennis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela).

Cochliobolus cynodontis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bermuda Grass

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus cynodontis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cynodon dactylon (very common on this host), other Cynodon spp., Agropyron, Ammi, Arecastrum, Axonopus, Calathea, Chamaedorea, Chrysalidocarpus, Dactyloctenium, Eleusine, Hordeum, Ipomoea, Lycopersicon, Muhlenbergia, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Poa, Rhapis, Secale and Zea. DISEASE: Leafspot of Bermuda grass end other crops, leaf blight end brown patches of turf, lawns end golflinks. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, India, Israel, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Spain, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Trinidad, Turkey, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Sclerospora philippinensis. [Distribution map].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sclerospora philippinensis[Peronosclerospora philippinensis] Weston. Hosts: Maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India (Maharastra, Bihar), Indonesia (Celebs), Pakistan, Philippines.

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