Mucor pusillus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Subsequent Loss

Abstract A description is provided for Mucor pusillus[Rhizomucor pusillus]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On soil, air, mushroom compost, stored barley, fermenting cacao, bagasse, birds' nests and pathogenic to man and other warm-blooded animals (causing mycoses). DISEASE: Plants: causes storage rot and subsequent loss of stored grain which can be controlled by preventing heating of grain by adequate drying and ventilation and prevention of storage pests which often initiate heating and subsequent moulding. Man and animals: A commonly reported cause of phycomycosis in man and other warm blooded animals. It has been recorded from infections of many organs of the body including the alimentary tract, brain, heart, lungs, lymph nodes and nasopharynx of various hosts. The host range includes man (RMVM 2, 690; 9, 984, 469), cattle (RMVM 9, 473; 10, 1970), dog, harp seal (RMVM 3, 1664), horse (RMVM 3, 1249), pig, sheep (Borodenok, 1961) and wild fowl. It also causes mycotic abortion in cattle. It has been used in studies on experimental phycomycosis in mice (RMVM 3, 1566; 2, 1916), rabbits (RMVM 7, 4027; 2, 690), guineapig (RMVM 2, 690) and fowl (RMVM 7, 863). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably world-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores.

Absidia corymbifera. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Absidia Corymbifera ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues

Abstract A description is provided for Absidia corymbifera. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A common saprophyte found in air, soil, compost and vegetable debris; pathogenic for man and other warmblooded animals. DISEASE: This is the most commonly reported cause of phycomycosis in man and other warm-blooded animals (causing mycoses). It has been recorded from infections of most organs of the body, including the alimentary tract, brain, kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes, orbit, sinus, subcutaneous tissues of various hosts. The host range includes man, cattle (RMVM 9, 986), dog (RMVM 7, 215, 216), flamingo (RMVM 6, 1575), fowl, guineapig (RMVM 2, 1721), mink (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1973), okapi (RMVM 6, 575), penguin, pig (RMVM 11, 407), rabbit, reindeer and roedeer. It also causes mycotic abortion and mastitis in cattle. It has been used in studies on experimental phycomycosis in mice (RMVM 11, 954, 1560) and rabbits (RMVM 7, 2628). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Eurotium rubrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Human Nails

Abstract A description is provided for Eurotium rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A xerotolerant species with the same host range as E. repens (IMI Sheet 1255). DISEASES: Not known to be a pathogen of animals or man, but the species has been isolated from human nails (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.

Aspergillus terreus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Onions
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Arable Soils

Abstract A description is provided for Aspergillus terreus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Occurs commonly in soil, particularly in warm and comparatively dry arable land (Raper & Thom, 1965, p. 571). It has been recorded as the predominant fungus in the rhizosphere of pineapple and cotton (33: 436; 37: 662) as well as in Cicer arietinum, Trifolium sp., and Viciafaba (Herb. IMI). When added to sterilized soil containing Macrophomina phaseoli[Macrophomina phaseolina], the germination of French bean seed and the post emergence of seedlings were greatly reduced (40: 343). It causes a rot of apple and other fruit (43, 38, 2818) and has also been isolated from damaged cotton seed, palm oil and stored grain (30: 58; 40: 153). DISEASES: This fungus is of doubtful significance as a pathogen, but it has been recorded as producing aspergillosis, infection of skin and nails and, more recently, infection of ears, especially following operations (English et al. ; RMVM 4, 1225, 1226). It was isolated as the cause of mycotic abortion in cattle (Plum, 1932, Acta Patho !. Microbiol. Scand. 9: 150-157; Ainsworth & Austwick, 1955, Vet. Record 67: 88-97; Austwick, 1965, pp. 99-100) and asthma (Weiner; RMVM 4, 1094). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide in warm arable soils (Raper & Fennell, 1965). TRANSMISSION: From hay and straw (Austwick, in Raper & Fennell, 1965).

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Onions
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Scopulariopsis Brevicaulis

Abstract A description is provided for Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Occurs in soil and on stored grain, forage products and decaying vegetation. Also on animal products such as leather, wool, bone, cheese, on insects, and from skin and nail infections. See Raper & Thom, pp. 702-703, 1949. DISEASES: Onychomycosis (mycoses). This fungus is most commonly encountered as a parasite causing onychomycosis in man, in which the nails become brittle, thickened and white. The condition is fully described by Martin-Scott (RMVM 2, 841). It also causes dermatomycosis of the feet and other parts of the body (Raper & Thom, 1949, p. 704) and has been recorded from hair, tonsils, appendix and tongue. A short summary of pathogenicity is given by Raper & Thom (1949, p. 703-704). It has been recorded from insects, cattle, llama, dog, mouse, pelicans and rodents. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in soil, and diseases have been reported from Asia, Europe, N., C. and S. America.

Absidia ramosa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Human Ear ◽  
Characteristic Component ◽  
Farm Buildings ◽  
P 53

Abstract A description is provided for Absidia ramosa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A common saprophyte in soil, compost, and vegetable debris but also pathogenic for man and warm-blooded animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: This species is a common cause of phycomycosis (syn. mucormycosis). It has been recorded from the human ear, the horse (nose) and swine (generalized infection); see Dodge (1936, p. 113). In cattle it is a cause of mycotic abortion (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959, p. 53) and has been recorded from the rumen (RMVM 4, 1850) and causing abomasal ulcers (Gitter & Austwick, 1957). Infection of the guineapig results in an enlargement of the lymph nodes which simulates pseudotuberculosis (2, 1721; Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959, p. 48). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Infection occurs from airborne spores which are a characteristic component of the airspora of farm buildings.

Mucor pusillus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Rhizomucor Pusillus ◽  
P 53

Abstract A description is provided for Mucor pusillus[Rhizomucor pusillus]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on stored grain and in soil, etc. and also pathogenic for man and animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: A cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis') in man and animals. Infection of the human lung (RMVM 2, 690), eye (as Absidia cornealis Dodge (1936), p. 114) and ear (Dodge (1936), p. 111) have been recorded. Gitter & Austwick (1957) recorded M. pusillus associated with bovine abomasal ulcers and it is also a cause of mycotic abortion (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959, p. 53), Austwick & Venn (4, 1506)). There are also published records of infection of the horse and the pig (see Ainsworth & Austwick, pp. 48, 50) and the harp seal (3, 1664). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PREDNISOLONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) ON LYMPHATIC LUNG CLEARANCE AND ON EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Göthe
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Clearance ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Quartz Dust ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The effect of three doses of prednisolone and ACTH respectively on the weight of the body, the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes was studied on rats killed one month after the intratracheal (i.t.) injection of 50 mg of fine-particulate quartz. The prednisolone was administered via the drinking water, and the ACTH was injected intraperitoneally during the period between the i.t. injection of quartz dust and the killing of the animals. Prednisolone causes the rats to become cachectic and reduces the weight of the hilar lymph nodes. It also retards the transport of quartz dust from the lungs via the lymphatics. All these effects increase with increasing doses of prednisolone. However, its effect on the lung weight is insignificant. ACTH does not affect the body weight, but retards the weight increase of the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes. These effects increase with increasing doses of ACTH, and seem to be connected with an ability of ACTH to promote the clearance of quartz dust from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. The method used, however, does not make it possible to differentiate quantitatively between any ACTH effects on the bronchogenie and lymphatic lung-clearance mechanisms. Available data, however, indicate that the stimulation of the dust transport from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes is, at least to some extent, related to the lymphatic system.

scholarly journals Does the possession of virulence factor genes mean that those genes will be active?

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S19-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Edberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Stomach Acid ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

There are a number of relationships the host can establish with the microbes we ingest. For the vast majority of microbes, they have a short-lived liaison with the human host. Either they are destroyed by the stomach acid or bile, or can not establish even a temporary residency in the gastrointestinal tract. Early in life the mucosal surfaces of the body establishes a resident, and generally stable, normal flora. These normal flora microbes, the majority of which are bacteria, have specific receptors for specific areas of the alimentary tract. If the foreign microbe can establish residency, it then may transiently or permanently become part of the normal flora. However, in order to produce disease, it must possess an additional set of virulence factors. While some of these are known, many are not. Those that are known include enzymes, such as protease, lipase, and esterase. Accordingly, VFAR may not be associated with human disease and its presence or absence has no public health meaning.

Beauveria bassiana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
New Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Beauveria bassiana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS & SUBSTRATA: All stages of insects of all groups; lungs of wild rodents, nasal swab of horse; man; giant tortoise. The fungus overwinters in vegetable matter and is found in the soil. DISEASE: The fungus has been known since 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease of silkworms. Although B. bassiana has multiplied in bees in laboratory tests it has so far not been recorded from bees in nature (Bailey, 1971). According to Wasti & Hartman (1975) penetration of the cuticle of gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar[Lymantria dispar]) larvae takes place 24 h after 2nd instar larvae have crawled over a culture of B. bassiana and within 64h the interior of the insect is completely filled with hyphae. These authors also note penetration of the gut wall. Fargues & Vey (1974), who sprayed conidia on to 3rd instar larvae of Leptinostarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle), showed that conidia germinate on the surface of the integument, penetrate the loosening skin, and blastospores develop in the moulting fluid, infecting the new integument as it forms. Some individuals cannot finish the moult, in others the delicate new skin ruptures and hyphae enter the haemolymph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide.

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