Lophodermium foliicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Kursk Oblast ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Pyrus Amygdaliformis

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium foliicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Fruits on dead fallen leaves under Crataegus where they can accumulate over winter; low bushes surrounded by Urtica and Rubus fruticosus agg. are among the most likely places to find it; probably less local than records suggest, as the conditions in which it is found deter less dedicated observers. It seems likely that, like many other members of the Rhytismataceae, the fungus colonizes the living plant, then fruits on those leaves after they have died. HOSTS: Leaves of Acer orientalis, Cotoneaster integerrimus, C. vulgaris, Cotoneaster sp., Crataegus coccinea, C. crus-galli, C. monogyna, C. oxyacanthoides, Crataegus sp., Pyrus amygdaliformis, P. communis, Pyrus sp., Rosaceae gen. indet., Sorbus torminalis. Records on genera other than Crataegus, particularly those not in the Rosaceae. need re-evaluation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, former Czechoslovakia, Eire, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Russia (Kursk Oblast), Spain, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine. Altitude records exist up to 1580m (Spain) and 1050m (Greece). Widespread but local throughout Europe and just into Asia on dead fallen leaves of various members of the Rosaceae, but particularly Crataegus. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

Colpoma crispum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
North West ◽  
Early Autumn

Abstract A description is provided for Colpoma crispum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: On dead, rather brittle twigs of Picea abies, but usually attached but sometimes fallen by the time ascomata contain ascospores. Probably involved in self-pruning of the tree, but associated with lichen colonies unlike species of Therrya on Pinus (IMI Descriptions 1297 and 1298), and Colpoma on Quercus (IMI Description 942) which occur on twigs without lichen colonies. HOSTS: Juniperus virginiana (twig), Larix sp. (bark, twig), Picea abies (bark, twig), Picea sp. (bark), Pseudotsuga menziesii (twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon). Unsuccessful searches in north-west Poland. Altitude records exist up to 950m (Ukraine). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

Coccomyces leptideus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Coccomyces leptideus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gaultheria shallon (twig), Rhododendron macrophyllum (twig), Vaccinium myrtillus (stem, twig), V. vitis-idaea (leaf, twig), Vaccinium sp. (stem, twig). Most records are from V. myrtillus. On Vaccinium species the fungus tends to be (and is most easily) found more often on taller bushes, but can also occur in arctic-alpine conditions on extremely low bushes. DISEASE: Like several other members of the Rhytismataceae on the Ericaceae, e.g. Lophodermium vagulum (IMI Description 789) and Terriera cladophila (IMI Description 1296), Coccomyces leptideus colonizes living twigs and ascomata may be found on pale subapical regions of dead bark on these twigs, while distal parts remain apparently healthy. Coccomyces leptideus is also found on recently killed twigs, though it is not clear it the fungus is responsible for their death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Russia (Caucasus), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon, Washington). Altitude records exist up to 1900m (France), 1850m (Ukraine), 1070m (Scotland) and 870m (Norway). For further comment on the distribution of this species, see IMI Description 1296 (Terriera cladophila). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

Coccomyces tumidus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Quercus Faginea ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Natural Leaf ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Abstract A description is provided for Coccomyces tumidus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Coccomyces tumidus is found on dead fallen leaves which are often beneath the surface of the leaf litter, and which often adhere to other adjacent leaves (making it, incidentally, rather infrequently recorded, although it seems to be not rare). Sometimes one or perhaps more other fungi are also present in the same pale areas. HOSTS: Leaves of Acer sp., Betula sp., Castanea sativa, Castanea sp., Fagus sylvatica, Fagus sp., Gaultheria shallon, Populus tremula, P. tremuloides, Populus sp., Quercus faginea, Q. garryana, Q. pedunculata, Q. rubra, Q. sessiliflora, Quercus sp., Rubus setosus, Rubus sp. (stem). Most records are on members of the Fagaceae. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Belgium, Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario), Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Morocco, Poland, Rumania, Sweden, UK (England, Wales), USA (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Virginia, Washington). Several unsuccessful searches for this fungus in southern Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, most records of open ascocarps containing ascospores are from late summer and early autumn, suggesting that the fungus only infects senescent leaves just prior to natural leaf fall.

Lophodermium agathidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium agathidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Lophodermium agathidis occurs on dead attached and fallen leaves. Virtually nothing is known about the ecology of this fungus. It seems likely however that, like many other members of the Rhytismataceae, the fungus colonizes the living plant, then fruits on those leaves after they have died. HOSTS: Leaves of Agathis australis, Beilschmiedia tawa, Dracophyllum latifolium, Knightia excelsa, Metrosideros excelsa, M. fulgens, Nestegis lanceolata, Rubus cissoides, Xeronema callistemon. Described originally on A. australis, this species is now known to occur commonly on many different native New Zealand plants. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.

Nothorhytisma nahuelitae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Nothofagus Pumilio ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Southern Beech

Abstract A description is provided for Nothorhytisma nahuelitae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Tarspot disease of southern beech. The symptoms and life cycle seem remarkably similar to those of Rhytisma acerinum. No serious damage seems to be done to infected trees. Like many South American members of the genus, Nothofagus pumilio is a deciduous tree. Unless the fungus is systemic, therefore, it seems likely that its life-cycle begins with the colonization of young leaves by air-dispersed ascospores in spring. Nothing is known of the appearance of young colonies, but stromata form during the summer and are followed by the conidial state in late summer. Ascomata form during winter on the dead fallen leaves, ripening during spring. The speed of development, and the stages during ripening are not known, but it is possible that the variability observed in the anatomy of ascomata before ascus production - the presence or absence of the extra layer above the lower wall - may represent two different points in the ripening process. HOSTS: Nothofagus pumilio (dead fallen leaf, living leaf). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions. The internal anatomy of the ascoma, and particularly the presence of mucus around the paraphyses, and the complex tissues at the periphery of the hymenium indicate that ascomata are likely to be able to shut again after the initial opening if conditions become dry, with the dark covering layer providing protection from uv light and desiccation. The widely-exposed hymenium suggests that ascospores are released by violent discharge, and are air-dispersed, probably in wet weather, following an increase in pressure within the ascoma generally and the ascus in particular, as a result of water uptake by the mucus around the paraphyses. Being colourless, thin-walled and without an obvious mucous sheath, the ascospores probably have little protection from UV light and desiccation after leaving the ascus (SHERWOOD 1981), and so are probably short-lived. Conidia may be water-dispersed.

Hypohelion scirpinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Tver Oblast ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Schoenoplectus Lacustris

Abstract A description is provided for Hypohelion scirpinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Hypohelion scirpinum usually occurs on dead fallen stems and leaves of Schoenoplectus lacustris. Virtually nothing is known about the ecology of this fungus, except for Ingold's observation that its life cycle is entirely aquatic. It seems likely however that, like many other members of the Rhytismataceae, the fungus colonizes the living plant, then fruits on those leaves and stems after they have died. HOSTS: Arundinaria macrosperma (stem), Plantae gen. indet. (leaf), Schoenoplectus lacustris (stem, dead floating stem), Scirpus lacustris var. occidentalis (stem), S. validus (stem), Scirpus sp. (stem). Almost all records are from Schoenoplectus lacustris, many of the others are misidentifications or synonyms for this plant. The record on Arundinaria is questionable. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Belgium, Canada (Saskatchewan), France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Russia (Tver Oblast), Sweden, UK (England), Ukraine, USA (Dakota, Mississippi). A temperate northern hemisphere species of low altitude, not very acidic wetlands and slow flowing rivers. Rather infrequently recorded, with numbers of records declining, and some unsuccessful searches for this fungus in apparently suitable habitats in recent years. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.

Hypoderma hederae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
North Western

Abstract A description is provided for Hypoderma hederae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Most commonly encountered fruiting on dead fallen petioles and paler portions of dead fallen leaves usually trapped above the ground among Hedera stems, particularly where the plant grows luxuriantly on old drystone walls away from heavy traffic; also occasionally found on dead attached leaves where Hedera grows over bare rock, for example on limestone pavements or rocky limestone or chalk soils, where it sometimes looks like it is causing a serious disease of the plant; probably always fruiting within 12 months of leaf death. HOSTS: Hedera helix (leaf, petiole), Hedera sp. (leaf, petiole). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine (Crimea). Unsuccessful searches in Ukraine (Kiev Oblast, Zakarpatska Oblast). Altitude records exist up to 1800m (Greece), 1580m (Spain), 600m (Ukraine) and 370m (UK). Most records of Hypoderma hederae are from north-western Europe, with additional records often from higher altitudes in Mediterranean areas, including north Africa. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

Mycosphaerella oxyacanthae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
Saratov Oblast ◽  
Crataegus Laevigata ◽  
Kursk Oblast ◽  
Astrakhan Oblast

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella oxyacanthae, which sometimes causes lesions on leaves of Crataegus laevigata. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan [Kyrgyzstan], Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Astrakhan oblast, Kursk oblast, Saratov oblast, Stavropolskyi krai, Voronezh oblast), Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine)) and hosts (Phoma macrostoma, Crataegus ambigua, C. beckeriana, C. chlorocarpa, C. curvisepala [syn. C. kyrtostyla], C. laevigata [syn. C. oxyacantha], C. macracantha, C. microphylla, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. pinnatifida, C. remotilobata, C. sanguinea, C. songarica [C. songorica], C. volgensis, and Crataegus sp.).

Urocystis miyabeana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Denchev
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
Saratov Oblast ◽  
Buryat Republic ◽  
Kursk Oblast

Abstract A description is provided for Urocystis miyabeana, which causes smut in the leaves and sheaths of Polygonatum. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Iowa), China (Jilin, Ningxia), Japan, Russia (Buryat Republic, Primorskyi krai), Turkmenistan, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia (Kursk oblast, Saratov oblast, Voronezh oblast), Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine) and hosts (Polygonatum canaliculatum, P. humile, P. latifolium, P. multiflorum, P. odoratum (P. officinale), P. sewerzowii, P. verticillatum and Polygonatum sp.).

Melampsora medusae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Incremental Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Melampsora medusae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on Coniferae, especially Larix and Pseudotsuga, less commonly on Pinus and other genera (Ziller, 1965). Uredinia and telia on species of Populus, especially Populus deltoides, and its varieties and hybrids P. balsamifera, P. nigra var. italica and others. Its exact host range on species of Populus is not known due to confusion with other species of Melampsora and to uncertainty in the reported identity of some species of Populus and clones (Walker, Hartigan & Bertus, 1974). DISEASE: Leaf rust of poplars, causing severe leaf damage and early defoliation on susceptible species and clones. Continued defoliation of successive flushes of growth predisposes trees to winter injury and dieback (Peace, 1962) and can cause death of trees, especially nursery stock and trees 1-2 yr old (25, 204; 47, 241; Walker Haitigan & Bertus, 1974). Reduction in incremental growth of timber occurs with susceptible varieties. Some damage can occur to the conifer hosts. It is often severe on Pseudotsuga menziesii (45, 459; 47, 126) and in nurseries Pinus spp. and Larix spp. can be heavily attacked (Ziller, 1965). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, USA), Asia (Japan); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (France, Spain). Reports of Melampsora spp. on poplars (including P. deltoides and P. canadensis) from South America (Argentina, 21, 173), Uruguay (Lindquist & de Rosengurtt, 1967) may refer in part to M. medusae. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne urediniospores, often over long distances (suspected from eastern Australia to New Zealand). Urediniospores survive the winter in milder climates on semi-evergreen lines and on green sucker growth of deciduous trees. This is probably the main method of overwintering in the Southern Hemisphere and in warmer parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The possibility of bud carryover as occurs with M. epitea on Salix in Iceland (Jorstad, 1951) and the Canadian Arctic (Savile, 1972) should be investigated. Telia survive the winter and basidiospores formed in spring infect susceptible conifers in parts of the Northern Hemisphere (Ziller, 1965) but no conifer infection has so far been found in Australia.

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