Coccomyces leptideus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Coccomyces leptideus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gaultheria shallon (twig), Rhododendron macrophyllum (twig), Vaccinium myrtillus (stem, twig), V. vitis-idaea (leaf, twig), Vaccinium sp. (stem, twig). Most records are from V. myrtillus. On Vaccinium species the fungus tends to be (and is most easily) found more often on taller bushes, but can also occur in arctic-alpine conditions on extremely low bushes. DISEASE: Like several other members of the Rhytismataceae on the Ericaceae, e.g. Lophodermium vagulum (IMI Description 789) and Terriera cladophila (IMI Description 1296), Coccomyces leptideus colonizes living twigs and ascomata may be found on pale subapical regions of dead bark on these twigs, while distal parts remain apparently healthy. Coccomyces leptideus is also found on recently killed twigs, though it is not clear it the fungus is responsible for their death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Russia (Caucasus), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon, Washington). Altitude records exist up to 1900m (France), 1850m (Ukraine), 1070m (Scotland) and 870m (Norway). For further comment on the distribution of this species, see IMI Description 1296 (Terriera cladophila). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

Colpoma crispum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
North West ◽  
Early Autumn

Abstract A description is provided for Colpoma crispum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: On dead, rather brittle twigs of Picea abies, but usually attached but sometimes fallen by the time ascomata contain ascospores. Probably involved in self-pruning of the tree, but associated with lichen colonies unlike species of Therrya on Pinus (IMI Descriptions 1297 and 1298), and Colpoma on Quercus (IMI Description 942) which occur on twigs without lichen colonies. HOSTS: Juniperus virginiana (twig), Larix sp. (bark, twig), Picea abies (bark, twig), Picea sp. (bark), Pseudotsuga menziesii (twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon). Unsuccessful searches in north-west Poland. Altitude records exist up to 950m (Ukraine). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

Lophodermium foliicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Kursk Oblast ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Pyrus Amygdaliformis

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium foliicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Fruits on dead fallen leaves under Crataegus where they can accumulate over winter; low bushes surrounded by Urtica and Rubus fruticosus agg. are among the most likely places to find it; probably less local than records suggest, as the conditions in which it is found deter less dedicated observers. It seems likely that, like many other members of the Rhytismataceae, the fungus colonizes the living plant, then fruits on those leaves after they have died. HOSTS: Leaves of Acer orientalis, Cotoneaster integerrimus, C. vulgaris, Cotoneaster sp., Crataegus coccinea, C. crus-galli, C. monogyna, C. oxyacanthoides, Crataegus sp., Pyrus amygdaliformis, P. communis, Pyrus sp., Rosaceae gen. indet., Sorbus torminalis. Records on genera other than Crataegus, particularly those not in the Rosaceae. need re-evaluation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, former Czechoslovakia, Eire, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Russia (Kursk Oblast), Spain, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine. Altitude records exist up to 1580m (Spain) and 1050m (Greece). Widespread but local throughout Europe and just into Asia on dead fallen leaves of various members of the Rosaceae, but particularly Crataegus. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

scholarly journals Investigation into the seasonal salmonellosis in lactating dairy cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. EDRINGTON ◽  
T. T. ROSS ◽  
T. R. CALLAWAY ◽  
C. H. MARTINEZ ◽  
M. E. HUME ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SUMMARYSporadic salmonellosis has been reported in mature lactating dairy cattle in the southwestern United States and is an intriguing problem in that Salmonella can be cultured from faecal samples of these cattle throughout the year. However, it is pathogenic only during late summer/early autumn and in certain years. We sampled apparently healthy (n=10) and diarrhoeic (n=10) cattle during an outbreak on a 2000 head dairy in 2003. The following year, monthly faecal (from the same 30 head), total mixed ration, water, and pen soil samples were collected for Salmonella culture. No serogroup, serotype, genetic, or antimicrobial susceptibility differences were observed in comparison of isolates from healthy and sick cattle. During year 2 of the study, Salmonella was routinely cultured (although highly variable from month to month) from the cattle and the environment, although no outbreak of salmonellosis was observed.

Terriera cladophila. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Terriera cladophila. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vaccinium myrtillus (leaf, stem, twig), Vaccinium sp. (stem, twig). DISEASE: Terriera cladophila colonizes living twigs, and ascomata may be found on pale subapical regions of dead bark on these twigs, while distal parts remain apparently healthy. Terriera cladophila is also found on recently killed twigs, though it is not clear it the fungus is responsible for their death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Czech Republic, Eire, France, Germany, Norway, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine. Eriksson (1970) commented that, in 'Fennoscandia the distributions of T. cladophila and Coccomyces leptideus appear not to overlap. I have seen no samples of the former from Finland and Sweden, whereas C. leptideus is common from these countries. All the Fennoscandian samples of T. cladophila are from south-western Norway, where C. leptideus, on the other hand, does not appear to exist'. In Great Britain this exclusive distribution is also largely true, though localities are known where both species have been found. It is interesting to note that Remler (1979) recorded C. leptideus but not T. cladophila from the eastern alps. Altitude records exist up to 1300m (Ukraine) and 600m (Wales). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions; ascomata containing ascospores have been observed in August; ascomata no longer containing ascospores have been observed in May.

Melampsora medusae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Incremental Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Melampsora medusae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on Coniferae, especially Larix and Pseudotsuga, less commonly on Pinus and other genera (Ziller, 1965). Uredinia and telia on species of Populus, especially Populus deltoides, and its varieties and hybrids P. balsamifera, P. nigra var. italica and others. Its exact host range on species of Populus is not known due to confusion with other species of Melampsora and to uncertainty in the reported identity of some species of Populus and clones (Walker, Hartigan & Bertus, 1974). DISEASE: Leaf rust of poplars, causing severe leaf damage and early defoliation on susceptible species and clones. Continued defoliation of successive flushes of growth predisposes trees to winter injury and dieback (Peace, 1962) and can cause death of trees, especially nursery stock and trees 1-2 yr old (25, 204; 47, 241; Walker Haitigan & Bertus, 1974). Reduction in incremental growth of timber occurs with susceptible varieties. Some damage can occur to the conifer hosts. It is often severe on Pseudotsuga menziesii (45, 459; 47, 126) and in nurseries Pinus spp. and Larix spp. can be heavily attacked (Ziller, 1965). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, USA), Asia (Japan); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (France, Spain). Reports of Melampsora spp. on poplars (including P. deltoides and P. canadensis) from South America (Argentina, 21, 173), Uruguay (Lindquist & de Rosengurtt, 1967) may refer in part to M. medusae. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne urediniospores, often over long distances (suspected from eastern Australia to New Zealand). Urediniospores survive the winter in milder climates on semi-evergreen lines and on green sucker growth of deciduous trees. This is probably the main method of overwintering in the Southern Hemisphere and in warmer parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The possibility of bud carryover as occurs with M. epitea on Salix in Iceland (Jorstad, 1951) and the Canadian Arctic (Savile, 1972) should be investigated. Telia survive the winter and basidiospores formed in spring infect susceptible conifers in parts of the Northern Hemisphere (Ziller, 1965) but no conifer infection has so far been found in Australia.

Lophodermium agathidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium agathidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Agathis australis. DISEASE: This species is very recently described, and little is known about its ecology. It has been surmised that it is, for much of its existence, a leaf endophyte, inhabiting apparently healthy leaves, and fruiting only after death of the host from some other cause. If this is the case, and it has not yet been demonstrated, the species must be regarded as a potential hazard, since other members of the same family which are pathogenic on other conifers also normally exist as harmless endophytes, and their pathogenic behaviour usually follows some other predisposing stress factor. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia (New Zealand). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet or humid weather. Peak dispersal occurs during November and December, and declines towards the end of March.

scholarly journals Lengthening of summer season over the Northern Hemisphere under 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Joung Park ◽  
Seung-Ki Min ◽  
Evan Weller
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Industrial Condition ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Hot Days

Abstract Summer season has lengthened substantially across Northern Hemisphere (NH) land over the past decades, which has been attributed to anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases. This study examines additional future changes in summer season onset and withdrawal under 1.5℃ and 2.0℃ global warming conditions using multiple atmospheric global climate model (AGCM) large-ensemble simulations from the Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) project. Five AGCMs provide more than 100 runs of 10-year length for three experiments: All-Hist (current decade: 2006-2015), Plus15, and Plus20 (1.5℃ and 2.0℃ above pre-industrial condition, respectively). Results show that with 1.5℃ and 2.0℃ warmer conditions summer season will become longer by a few days to weeks over entire NH lands, with slightly larger contributions by delay in withdrawal due to stronger warming in late summer. Stronger changes are observed more in middle latitudes than high latitudes and largest expansion (up to three weeks) is found over East Asia and the Mediterranean. Associated changes in summer-like day frequency is further analyzed focusing on the extended summer edges. The hot days occur more frequently in lower latitudes including East Asia, USA and Mediterranean, in accord with largest summer season lengthening. Further, difference between Plus15 and Plus20 indicates that summer season lengthening and associated increases in hot days can be reduced significantly if warming is limited to 1.5℃. Overall, similar results are obtained from CMIP5 coupled GCM simulations (based on RCP8.5 scenario experiments), suggesting a weak influence of air-sea coupling on summer season timing changes.

Microsphaera penicillata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dry Seasons

Abstract A description is provided for Microsphaera penicillata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On species of Alnus, Betula, Syringa, Lathyrus, sweet peas and numerous other hosts (Saknon, 1900; Stevens, 1925; 39: 739; 41: 175) DISEASES: Powdery mildew of alder and lilac. Forms a white to grey floury appearance on the surface of broad leaves of many hard wood trees. It is more prevalent on sweet peas than Erysiphe pisi (CMI Descript. 155) in North America in spring when temperature and humidity are fluctuating. The foliage may be malformed, dropping prematurely or drying out and shrivelling. It is also prevalent on lilac in late summer and autumn, sometimes in dry seasons almost completely covering the foliage, but generally too late in the season to cause serious damage. Young leaves are more susceptible. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide on alder and lilac and occasionally occurring on numerous other hosts. Distributed generally in North America and Europe, also reported from Chile, China, India and Japan (Salmon, 1900, 39: 739; 41: 175). TRANSMISSION: Spores wind borne.

Diderma alpinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Krivomaz
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Moscow Oblast ◽  
Empetrum Nigrum ◽  
Slime Mould ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Alnus Viridis

Abstract A description is provided for Diderma alpinum, a nivicolous myxomycete (slime mould). Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Morocco, USA (Alaska, California, Colorado, Montana, Utah, Virginia, Washington), Brazil, Macquarie Island, India, Japan, Nepal, Uzbekistan, Australia (Tasmania and Victoria), New Zealand, Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Russia (Moscow oblast), Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, and Ukraine), hosts (Alnus viridis, Deschampsia alpina, D. cespitosa, Empetrum nigrum, Juncus trifidus, Larix sp., Nardus stricta, Plantae indet., Rubus sp., and Vaccinium myrtillus), and interactions and habitats.

Lophodermium indianum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium indianum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus caribaea, P. glabra, P. patula, P. roxburghii, P. serotina, P. taeda; previous reports of this species on P. thunbergii are incorrect. DISEASE: Needle cast of pines. Ascocarps of this species occur predominantly on dead needles in the litter, so that at first sight it appears to be saprophytic. Almost nothing is known of its ecology, however, and since many other species of this genus inhabitating pine needles are known to exist as endophytes in apparently healthy needles before producing ascocarps, this species should be regarded as a potential pathogen until shown to be otherwise. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (India: Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh; Pakistan: Rawalpindi). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet or humid weather.

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