Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Periodic Flooding

Abstract M. quinquenervia is a moderately fast-growing, fire-tolerant tree capable of growing on nutrient-deficient sites with continuous or periodic flooding in the humid and sub-humid tropics. It is moderately salt-tolerant. This species is most likely to be grown on relatively short coppice rotations that maximize the production of small-sized logs. M. quinquenervia makes excellent fuelwood, provides useful timber, and is a good source of honey and medicinal niaouli oil. The botany, cultivation, weed management, insect pests, biomass and oil yields, breeding, oil distillation and oil properties of Melaleuca spp., and niaouli oil of M. quinquenervia are covered by Southwell and Lowe (1999).

scholarly journals Use of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as a biopesticide in agriculture: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Kripa Adhikari ◽  
Sudip Bhandari ◽  
Dikshya Niraula ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Azadirachtin A ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a member of Meliaceae family, a fast-growing tropical evergreen plant whose products were found effective against economically important insect pests and diseases. All parts of this plant particularly leaf, bark, and root extracts have the biopesticidal activities. Azadirachtin, a biopesticide obtained from neem extract, can be used for con-trolling various insect pests in agriculture. It acts on insects by repelling them, by inhibiting feeding, and by disrupting their growth, and reproduction. Neem-based formulations do not usually kill insects directly, but they can alter their behavior in significant ways to reduce pest damage to crops and reduce their reproductive potential. The neem is considered as an eas-ily accessible, eco-friendly, biodegradable, cheap, and non-toxic biopesticide which control the target pests. Thus, this re-view highlighted the extract, byproducts and roles of neem that can be used as potential biopesticide in agriculture.

scholarly journals Floristic and Phytosociology of Weeds in Upland Rice in the Humid Tropics

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.M. SILVA ◽  
E.A. COSTA ◽  
M.J.P. CORRÊA ◽  
A.A.C. RODRIGUES ◽  
M.L.R. MESQUITA
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Abstract Knowledge

ABSTRACT: Knowledge of the floristic composition and vegetation structure are essential conditions for development of more efficient and economic weed management strategies in crops in the humid tropics. The objective of the research was to carry on floristic and phytosociological surveys to know the main weeds in upland rice fields in the humid tropics of the Brazilian State of Maranhão. Weed samples were done by means of an open metal rectangle of 0.15 m2 thrown at random in the vegetative and reproductive stages of rice crop in 2009/10 and 2010/2011 harvest. A total of 65 species from 23 families was identified 35 (53.85%) from the eudicotyledons botanical group, 29 (44.06%) from the monocotyledonous and one (1.53%) belonged to the pteridophytes. The most representative families were from the monocotyledonous botanical group including Poaceae and Cyperaceae, followed by Amaranthaceae and Malvaceae, both from the eudicotyledons group. The weed species with higher importance values in the upland rice crop vegetative stage were Urochloasp., Panicumsp., C. flavus, C. benghalensis and C. argutus whereas in the reproductive stage the higher importance values were recorded for S. latifolia, C. argutus, L. octovalvis, A.tenella and P.maximum. The most important weeds in the crop vegetative phase were mainly from the monocotyledonous group, while in reproductive one they were the eudicotyledons. Weed diversity was high and the floristic similarity was lower in the vegetative one compared to the reproductive stage of upland rice cultivation in the humid tropics.

Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Areces-Berazain
Keyword(s):  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Abstract M. calabura is a small, fast-growing tree reaching 8-13 m in height, occurring widely in the lowland humid tropics up to 1500 m altitude. It self-seeds freely, regenerates rapidly under most soil conditions, including alkaline and saline soils, coppices well, and tolerates drought, shade and weeds.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Effective Salt-tolerant, Fast-growing Strain of Rhizobium japonicum

Microbiology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 1537-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. YELTON ◽  
S. S. YANG ◽  
S. A. EDIE ◽  
S. T. LIM
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fast Growing

scholarly journals Weed Interference and Control in Cowpea Production: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Adewale Osipitan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Removal

In spite of the great economic potential of cowpea as both domestic and commercial crop, a number of constraints, which include insect pests, diseases and weeds, limits its production in West and many parts of Africa. Weeds reduced cowpea yield and value by competing for light, water and nutrients. Cowpea suffers from weeds particularly when the crop is in the early growth stages before ground cover. Yield losses cause by weeds alone in cowpea production can be as high as 76% depending on the cowpea cultivar, environment and weed management practices. A timely weed removal at the critical period, which falls within the first 40 days of cowpea growth, would help to prevent an unacceptable yield. Weed management in cowpea has been with low technology. Hand weeding is the most widely used weed control method in cowpea but they are usually expensive and labour intensive. Cultural practices such as narrow row spacing and planting of early maturing varieties are also used for weed control in cowpea. Herbicides, which are relatively easy to use and less expensive, have not been widely adopted for weed control in cowpea. There are limited number of selective herbicides with wide spectrum for weed control in cowpea. However, an integrated practices that involved pre-emergence weed control using herbicides or physical weeding, and a supplementary weed removal that would ensure weed control up to 40 days after cowpea emergence could substantially prevent yield losses associated with weed interference.

scholarly journals Weed Management Effects on Insects and Diseases of Cabbage and Snapbean

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Bottenberg ◽  
John Masiunas ◽  
Catherine Eastman ◽  
Darin Eastburn
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Management Effects

Field studies were conducted to determine insect and plant pathogen management effects on weed competitiveness and crop yield and to evaluate weed management impacts on insect pests, diseases, and crop yield. At similar densities, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) reduced snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata) yield more than that of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), a low growing weed. In 1995, diamondback moth [Plutella xylostella (L.)] was greater on cabbage growing in plots with purslane than in plots of cabbage growing without weeds. Imported cabbageworm [Pieris rapae (L.)] was greater on cabbage growing in plots with either purslane or pigweed than when growing alone. However, the amount of feeding damage to cabbage was similar across treatments. Disease incidence was low, but fungicide treatments made redroot pigweed more competitive with snapbean, reducing yield in 1995.

Weed suppression in a broccoli–winter rye intercropping system

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Brainard ◽  
R. R. Bellinder
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Interseeded cover crops have the potential to maintain and improve soil quality, reduce the incidence of insect pests, and suppress weeds in vegetable production systems. However, the successful use of interseeded cover crops has been limited by their tendency to either inadequately suppress weeds or suppress both weeds and the crop. We hypothesized that in irrigated broccoli production, winter rye could suppress annual weeds through rapid emergence and shading, without adversely affecting the taller transplanted broccoli crop. In field experiments conducted in New York from 1999–2001, broccoli was cultivated at 0, 10, or 10 and 20 d after broccoli transplanting (DAT), with or without rye at the final cultivation. Rye interseeded at 0 DAT suppressed weeds and improved yields relative to unweeded controls but resulted in broccoli yield losses relative to weed-free controls in 2 of 3 years. Rye seeded at either 10 or 20 DAT did not reduce broccoli yields but had little effect on weeds for a given level of cultivation and resulted in Powell amaranth seed production of up to 28,000 seeds m−2. Rye interseeded at 0 DAT reduced light availability to weeds in 2000 but not in 2001 when Powell amaranth avoided shading from rye through rapid emergence and vertical growth. In greenhouse pot experiments, low temperatures for 7 d after seeding delayed the emergence of Powell amaranth by 3 d relative to rye and increased the suppression of Powell amaranth by rye from 61 to 85%. Our results suggest that winter rye may be more successfully integrated into broccoli production (1) when sown at higher densities, (2) in locations or seasons (e.g., spring) with lower initial temperatures, and (3) in combination with other weed management tools.

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