Echinococcus multilocularis in carnivores from the Klatovy district of the Czech Republic

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Martínek ◽  
L. Kolárová ◽  
J. Cervený
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Faecal Samples

A unique human case of alveolar echinococcosis was described in 1979 from the Klatovy district of the Czech Republic. However, there were no previous epidemiological studies in this area focusing on detection of the source of infection –Echinococcus multilocularisadults producing eggs. During the period June 1997 to April 1999, 29 out of a total of 46 (63.3%) red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the Klatovy district and one of four foxes (25.0%) in the Pilsen South district were found to be infected with adult worms ofE. multilocularis. NoE. multilocularisadults were found in other animals from the Klatovy district (i.e. three specimens ofMartes martes, twoMartes foina, oneMustela erminea, twoMeles melesand oneFelis catusf.domestica). An examination of faecal samples from 55 dogs (Canis familiaris) from the Klatovy district resulted in the detection ofE. multilocularisDNA in one (1.8%) sample. The present results support the possibility that human alveolar echinococcosis previously described in the Czech Republic had the character of an autochthonous infection. There are also indications of a potential risk of infection to humans.

Occurrence of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes from the Carpathian regions of Slovakia and Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Reiterová ◽  
Ewa Dziemian ◽  
Martina Miterpáková ◽  
Daniela Antolová ◽  
Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractThe extensive distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis cestode from endemic alpine areas to the parts of Central Europe has been recorded in recent years. The first confirmed finding of E. multilocularis in Slovakia was recorded in 1999 in the area adjacent to the Polish border. At present, this serious zoonosis occurs almost across the whole territory of Slovakia. The occurrence of these tapeworms in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) at the border regions of Slovakia and Poland has been monitored. In these districts, out of 152 faecal samples examined, 36.2% were positive for the coproantigen-ELISA. With the sedimentation and counting technique the prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes was up to 38.8%. The examination of foxes from neighbouring districts revealed worm burden ranging from 1–15,000 specimens, but the majority of animals harboured medium number of tapeworms. In the Small Carpathian and Sub-Carpathian regions of Poland, out of 65 samples examined, 13.8% were coproantigen positive. Using the small intestine scraping method only 6.1% prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes was determined, mostly with a high worm burdens over 1,000 specimens. The results suggest possible transborder transmission of E. multilocularis, the causative agent of serious alveolar echinococcosis.

Epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in southern Cantal, Auvergne region, France

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Magnaval ◽  
C. Boucher ◽  
B. Morassin ◽  
F. Raoul ◽  
F. Raoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a helminth zoonosis which is encountered only in the northern hemisphere. In central France, the Auvergne region represents the most western and southern extension of this helminthiasis. In 1999, a human case of AE was diagnosed in the southern part of the Cantal department, where AE was supposed absent, and an epidemiological survey was subsequently carried out. The transmission of the zoonosis in the sylvatic and peridomestic definitive hosts was studied, as well as that in the rodent and human intermediate hosts. Eleven red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were shot, and 50 fox faecal deposits were collected. Twelve farm dogs had their faeces taken by rectal touch, and four were checked after arecoline purgation. Optical detection ofEchinococcus multilocularisworms was achieved on fox intestines after scraping, and also on dog stools after arecoline therapy. Coproantigen ELISA assay was performed for the 11 scraping products, for the 50 fox faeces, and for the 12 dog faecal samples. No adult AE agent was observed by microscopy, and the ELISA assay yielded positive results in one of 11 fox intestines, one of 50 fox faeces, and 2 of 12 dog faecal samples. Twenty-five small mammals were trapped, of which 19 wereArvicola terrestriswater voles. One rodent liver exhibited a hepatic lesion consistent with AE. An epidemiological questionnaire was completed in 85 human volunteers, who were also serologically tested for AE. Only one (the case's husband) exhibited a Western-blotting pattern indicative of a low-grade AE infection. The results of this preliminary study suggested a slow AE extension to the south of Cantal department from the northern focus.

Simple modification to improve reliability of copro-DNA examinations for diagnosing Echinococcus multilocularis infections in red foxes

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Irie ◽  
T. Ito ◽  
H. Kouguchi ◽  
K. Uraguchi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Pcr Inhibitors ◽  
Examination Technique ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Infection Pressure

Abstract Epidemiological studies of Echinococcus multilocularis infections in definitive hosts require a reliable and economic diagnostic method. In this study, the current copro-DNA examination technique was modified by increasing the faecal amounts tested and adding a step to neutralize the faeces before DNA extraction. Reliability of the modified method was evaluated using rectal faecal samples from red foxes and comparing them with intestinal worms detected using the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT) following necropsy. The modified copro-DNA examination method demonstrated 93.9% sensitivity (138/147) on the SCT. Its detectability increased depending on the worm burden, and the sensitivity was 100% in cases harbouring over 1000 worms. From 111 SCT-negative cases, six (5.4%) were copro-DNA-positive, and all were confirmed as E. multilocularis via sequencing analysis. Five of the remaining 105 SCT-negative cases (4.8%) retained polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors in the extracted solution, suggesting that approximately 5% of the red fox faeces retained these inhibitors after treatment with the present copro-DNA extraction method. Although further evaluation is needed for faeces deposited in the wild, the present copro-DNA examination technique will help monitor the E. multilocularis prevalence in definitive hosts. When used for detailed evaluations of endemicity (e.g. changes in infection pressure or spread in non-endemic areas), the absence of PCR inhibitors should be confirmed, and multiple trials on faecal subsamples are recommended.

scholarly journals Eimeriosis Seasonal Dynamics Patterns at an Organic Sheep Farm in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
I.A. Kyriánová ◽  
J. Vadlejch ◽  
I. Langrová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Genus Eimeria ◽  
Eimeria Infection

Abstract This epidemiological study monitored the occurrence of the coccidia genus Eimeria and their species composition over a oneyear period at an organic sheep farm in the Czech Republic. Individual faecal samples were collected from thirty lambs and thirty ewes once a month throughout the whole survey. As a result, 348 and 333 samples from ewes and lambs respectively were evaluated using the faecal flotation technique. The overall prevalence of eimeriosis was 75.7% and 54.0% for lambs and ewes respectively. Four Eimeria species (E. ovinoidalis, E. crandallis/weybridgensis, E. parva, and E. intricata) were identified in both, lambs and ewes, during this survey. The most prevalent species was E. ovinoidalis, with an overall prevalence of 84% in ewes and 85% in lambs, followed by E. parva and E. crandallis/weybridgensis. The oocysts faecal output was seasonal. The highest oocysts per gram levels were detected in February (139 000) and May (250 000) in ewes and in February (1 949 900), March (326 000), and May (187 700) in lambs. The intensity of Eimeria infection differed significantly (P < 0.0001) between ewes and lambs during the monitored period.

scholarly journals Prevalence of canine distemper virus in wild mustelids in the Czech Republic and a case of canine distemper in young stone martens

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pavlacik ◽  
V. Celer ◽  
P. Koubek ◽  
I. Literak
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mustela Nivalis ◽  
Pine Martens

Between 2001 and 2003, a total of 194 samples of brain tissues of wild mustelids from the Czech Republic were tested for the presence of canine distemper virus (CDV) by direct immunofluorescence examination. Out of 21 animals exhibiting symptoms of the disease or changed behaviour, one mustelid was CDV positive (5% prevalence). In this group, 1 out of 18 stone martens (<i>Martes foina</i>) was CDV positive, while 2 pine martens (<i>Martes martes</i>) and 1 Eurasian badger (<i>Meles meles</i>) were CDV negative. Of 173 animals with unknown case history, 1 sample was positive (0.6% prevalence). In this group of animals, 1 out of 19 Eurasian badgers was positive, and stone martens (<i>n</i> = 96), pine martens (<i>n</i> = 4), polecats (<i>Mustela putorius</i>) ((<i>n</i> = 28), steppe polecats (<i>Mustela eversmani</i>) (<i>n</i> = 4), common weasels (<i>Mustela nivalis</i>) (<i>n</i> = 4), stoats (<i>Mustela erminea</i>) (<i>n</i> = 3) and American minks (<i>Mustela vison</i>) (<i>n</i> = 19) were negative. Clinical distemper was demonstrated in three stone marten pup siblings. In two of the siblings, CDV was demonstrated in footpads. The third of the siblings survived the acute stage of the disease and had virus neutralizing antibodies from the end of the acute stage until 6 months after the end of the acute stage, with a maximum antibody titre of 32. During the acute stage and 7 months after the end of the acute stage, no virus neutralizing antibodies were found.

scholarly journals Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes L., as a Bioindicator of Environmental Pollution in the Countryside of Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-452
Author(s):  
Jana Sedláková ◽  
Petr Řezáč ◽  
Vladimír Fišer ◽  
Josef Hedbávný
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The City

The objective of this study is to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of the small intestines of red foxes from 4 different areas of the northern part of the Czech Republic. The red foxes were relocated from countryside and free nature to the neighborhood of big cities in the last two decades, so it could be great indicator of pollution in these four different areas, with the focus on countryside problems with pollution of heavy metals. The heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni) concentrations in 27 samples and the relationships between heavy metal concentration in red fox tissue and the location of sample were investigated. The highest concentrations of Pb (0.684 mg.kg–1), Cr (0.162 mg.kg–1), Ni (0.235 mg.kg–1) and Zn (19.76 mg.kg–1) were found in tissues from mountain areas. The highest concentrations of Cd (0.047 mg.kg–1), Cu (1.474 mg.kg–1) and Mn (2.025 mg.kg–1) were measured in tissues from industrial agglomeration around the city Hradec Králové. Pb and Cr concentrations in tissues of red foxes from two areas (environs of the city Krasna Lipa and Hradec Kralove) exceeded the permissible food consumption limits.

scholarly journals Parasites of Myocastor coypus – a Comparison in Farm Animals and Their Feral Counterparts

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
S. Nechybová ◽  
I. Langrová ◽  
E. Tůmová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Mcmaster Method ◽  
Feral Animals

Abstract The parasitic status in the coypus (nutrias) Myocastor coypus, both farm-bred or free-living on river banks in the Czech Republic, was determined. Faecal samples were collected from 200 coypus originating from 11 farms (farm-bred animals) and from 20 individuals living at 14 natural localities (feral animals). Faeces were examined for nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts using the McMaster method. The evaluation of faeces from farm-bred coypus indicated infection with the following parasites: Trichuris sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Eimeria seidelli, Eimeria nutriae, Eimeria coypi, and Eimeria myopotami. Free-living feral rodents harboured Eimeria nutriae, E. coypi, Strongyloides sp. and in one case also Trichuris sp. An additional visceral examination of 20 coypus originating from five farms revealed two nematode species in the gastrointestinal tracts, namely Trichuris myocastoris and Strongyloides myopotami. The study indicated that feral coypus are far less parasitized than their captive counterparts.

scholarly journals Wild carnivores as source of zoonotic helminths in north-eastern Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cerbo ◽  
M. Manfredi ◽  
M. Bregoli ◽  
N. Milone ◽  
M. Cova
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis

AbstractTwo hundreds and sixty red foxes, eighteen badgers and eight stone martens from north-eastern Italy were examined for zoonotic parasites by SCT, with particular attention to Trichinella sp. and Echinococcus multilocularis. No adult worms of E. multilocularis were observed in the intestine of red foxes or mustelids. Out of 223 fox faecal samples analysed by a commercial CA-ELISA, 5.8 % was positive to Echinococcus coproantigens. Trichinella sp. was detected by digestion of muscle in 1.2 % of examined foxes (2/172), but not in mustelids (0/11). Toxocara canis, responsible for human toxocarosis, resulted to be common in fox population (48.5 %). This parasite was found both in young (53.3 % of cubs and 61.9 % of sub-adults) and in adult animals (42.7 %). Other zoonotic parasites as Uncinaria stenocephala (52.3 %) and Trichuris vulpis (0.4 %) were detected in fox populations.

Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in faeces by nested PCR with the use of diluted DNA samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karamon
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractThe aim of this study was to choose the optimal variant of PCR examination of faeces to detect Echinococcus multilocularis infection which would allow to reduce the influence of different inhibitors in faeces. The investigation was carried out by comparison of 3 different methods of DNA isolation from faeces and different DNA dilutions used in PCR. Thirty five intestines of red foxes were used. Small intestines were examined by the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). Faeces were collected from the rectum for PCR and flotation. DNA were isolated with the use of 3 different methods. Two methods were dedicated for faeces: method 1 (M1) - for larger samples and method 2 (M2) - for standard samples. The third method, method 3 (M3), was not dedicated for faeces. DNA samples were tested by nested PCR in 6 variants: not diluted (1/1) and 5 diluted (1/2.5, 1/5, 1/10. 1/20, 1/40). E. multilocularis was found by SCT in 18 from 35 (51.4%) intestines. Taenia-type eggs were detected only in 20.0% of faecal samples. In PCR the highest number of positive results (45.7%) were obtained during examination of DNA isolated by M1 method, and then 40.0% and 34.3%, respectively, for M2 and M3. In some samples positive results in PCR were obtained only in diluted DNA. For example, 8 from 12 positive samples isolated by M3 method gave the PCR negative results in non-diluted DNA and positive only after dilution 1:2.5, 1:10 or 1:20. Also 3 samples isolated by methods dedicated for stool gave positive results only after DNA dilution. The investigation has revealed that in copro-PCR for detection of E. multilocularis infection additional using of diluted DNA (besides non diluted) can avoid false negative results causing by PCR inhibition. In the best method of DNA isolation (M1), the use of non diluted DNA sample together with diluted in proportion 1:10 seems to be optimal.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of a porcine sapovirus strain isolated from a piglet with diarrhoea: a case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dufkova ◽  
P. Kulich ◽  
J. Prodelalova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Porcine Sapovirus ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Capsid Gene Sequence ◽  
Negative Staining Electron Microscopy

Porcine sapoviruses, members of the family Caliciviridae, have been considered as an aetiological agent of gastroenteritis in pigs. In this study, we analysed 251 faecal samples obtained from 3 to 90 day-old diarrhoeic pigs in the Czech Republic between January 2005 and June 2010 and tested them by negative staining electron microscopy for the presence of sapoviruses. Only one sample showed the presence of viral particles with characteristic sapovirus morphology. The presence of sapovirus (SaV) was confirmed by an RT-PCR assay with primers specific for the sapoviral RNA polymerase and capsid genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on a partial sequence of the RNA polymerase gene placed the new Czech isolate into the GVII genogroup of porcine sapoviruses; however, analysis of a portion of the capsid gene sequence classified the isolate as GIII of the genus Sapovirus. These contradictory findings indicate that recombinant porcine sapovirus was identified. According to our knowledge this is the first description of porcine sapovirus in domestic pigs in the Czech Republic

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