Validation of three predictive equations for basal metabolic rate in adults

AbstractObjectiveTo cross-validate three predictive set of equations for basal metabolic rate (BMR) developed by Schofield (Schofield database), Henry (Oxford database) and Cole (Oxford database) using mean values for age, weight, height and BMR of published studies.DesignLiterature review of studies published from 1985 to March 2002.SettingAll studies selected used appropriate methods and followed conditions that met the criteria established for basal metabolism, were performed in healthy adults, and were not part of the Schofield or Oxford database.SubjectsA total of 261 groups of men and women from 175 studies were selected and categorised in three age groups (18.5–29.9, 30.0–59.9, ≥60 years old) and three body mass index (BMI) groups (normal weight, overweight and obese).ResultsLinear regression and concordance correlation analysis showed that the three sets of equations had the same association and agreement with measured BMR, across gender, age, and BMI groups. The agreement of all equations was moderate for men and poor for women. The lowest mean squared prediction errors (MSPRs) were given by Henry equations in men and Cole equations in women. Henry and Cole equations gave lower values than Schofield equations, except for men over 60 years of age. Henry equations were the most accurate in men. None of the three equations performed consistently better in women.ConclusionThese results support the use of Henry equations in men with a wide range of age and BMI. None of the proposed predictive equations seem to be appropriate to estimate BMR in women.

Download Full-text

Development of new predictive equations for basal metabolic rate in Iranian healthy adults: negligible effect of sex

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000669 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Bahareh Nikooyeh ◽

Nastaran Shariatzadeh ◽

Ali Kalayi ◽

Maliheh Zahedirad ◽

Tirang R. Neyestani

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Predictive Equations ◽

Normal Thyroid Function ◽

Asian People ◽

Predictive Formulas

Abstract. Some studies have reported inaccuracy of predicting basal metabolic rate (BMR) by using common equations for Asian people. Thus, this study was undertaken to develop new predictive equations for the Iranian community and also to compare their accuracy with the commonly used formulas. Anthropometric measures and thyroid function were evaluated for 267 healthy subjects (18–60 y). Indirect calorimetry (InCal) was performed only for those participants with normal thyroid function tests (n = 252). Comparison of predicted RMR (both kcal/d and kcal.kg.wt−1.d−1) using current predictive formulas and measured RMR revealed that Harris-Benedict and FAO/WHO/UNU significantly over-estimated and Mifflin-St. Jeor significantly under-estimated RMR as compared to InCal measurements. In stepwise regression analysis for developing new equations, the highest r2 (=0.89) was from a model comprising sex, height and weight. However, further analyses revealed that unlike the subjects under 30 y, the association between age and the measured RMR in subjects 30 y and plus was negative (r = −0.241, p = 0.001). As a result, two separate equations were developed for these two age groups. Over 80 percent of variations were covered by the new equations. In conclusion, there were statistical significant under- and over-estimation of RMR using common predictive equations in our subjects. Using the new equations, the accuracy of the calculated RMR increased remarkably.

Download Full-text

Predictive Equations for Basal Metabolic Rate in Chinese Adults

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00369-x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (12) ◽

pp. 1403-1408 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

HSIU-YING LIU ◽

YI-FA LU ◽

WEI-JAO CHEN

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Predictive Equations

Download Full-text

Measured and Predicted Basal Metabolic Rate in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa049_017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 624-624

Author(s):

Luiz Dos Anjos ◽

Tatiana Campos ◽

Juliana Dantas ◽

Fernanda Fernandes ◽

Vivian Wahrlich

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Predictive Equations ◽

Women Subjects ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Chron's Disease ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Objectives To measure basal metabolic rate (BMR) and to compare the values with estimated BMR from international and local predictive equations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods A total of 72 (38 women) subjects with Chron's disease (n = 45, 19 women) and ulcerative colitis (n = 27, 19 women) from an outpatient care unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, agreed to participate in the study. Anthropometric measures were obtained using standard procedures. Percent body fat (PBF) was assessed by DXA. BMR was measured (BMRm) by indirect calorimetry (Vmax Encore 29) under standardized conditions and compared with BMR estimated by internationally-recommended (Schofield, 1985) and locally-developed (Anjos et al., 2014) predictive equations. Bias was calculated as estimated - measured BMR. Results The mean ± SD (range) age was 38.0 ± 11.3 (20.1 – 58.3) years with a mean BMI of 24.7 ± 4.5 (16.1 – 39.1) kg.m−2 and PBF of 32.2 ± 9.1 (9.7 – 53.4). BMRm was significantly lower in women (1169.3 ± 205.0) than men (1439.0 ± 197.5) kcal.day−1. The Schofield's equations significantly overestimated BMR for both women (bias of 204.0 ± 148.3 kcal.day−1 or 17.4%) and men (306.7 ± 171.0 kcal.day−1 or 21.3%). The locally-developed equation yielded nonsignificant estimates for both women (−5.8 ± 143.7 kcal.day−1 or −0.5%) and men (−19.9 ± 165.5 kcal.day−1 or −1.4%). Conclusions The findings of the present study indicate that internationally-recommended BMR predictive equations are not accurate to estimate BMR in IBD patients in a tropical setting. As observed in samples of healthy adults from the same city, the locally-developed BMR equations yield unbiased and accurate estimates for IBD patients. Funding Sources CNPq (310,461/2016–20) and FAPERJ (E-26/202.514/2018; E-26/203.068/2018; E-26/203.068/2017; E-26/202.520/2016; E-26/210.747/2016).

Download Full-text

Whole Body Protein Turnover in Chronically Undernourished Individuals

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0860441 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 441-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

M. J. Soares ◽

L. S. Piers ◽

P. S. Shetty ◽

A. A. Jackson ◽

J. C. Waterlow

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Protein ◽

Chronic Undernutrition

1. Two groups of adult men were studied in Bangalore, India, under identical conditions: the ‘normal weight’ subjects (mean body mass index 20.8 kg/m2) were medical students of the institute with access to habitual energy and protein intakes ad libitum. The other group, designated ‘undernourished’, were labourers on daily wages (mean body mass index 16.7 kg/m2). 2. In an earlier study we obtained lower absolute values for both basal metabolic rate and protein synthesis in the undernourished subjects; however, when the data were expressed on a body weight or fat-free mass basis, a trend towards higher rates of protein synthesis, as well as higher basal metabolic rate, was evident. The suggestion was made that such results reflected the relatively higher energy intakes per kg body weight of the undernourished subjects on the day of study. The objective of the present study was therefore to control for the dietary intake during the measurement of whole body protein turnover. 3. In the present study dietary intakes were equated on a body weight basis; however, expressed per kg fat-free mass, the normal weight subjects had received marginally higher intakes of energy and protein. The results, however, were similar to those of the previous study. In absolute terms, basal metabolic rate, protein synthesis and breakdown were lower in the undernourished subjects. When expressed per kg body weight or per kg fat-free mass, the undernourished subjects had higher basal metabolic rates than the well-nourished subjects, whereas no differences were seen in the rate of protein synthesis or breakdown. 4. Estimates of muscle mass, based on creatinine excretion, indicated that the undernourished subjects had a higher proportion of non-muscle to muscle mass. Nitrogen flux (Q) was determined from 15N abundance in two end products, urea (Qu) and ammonia (Qa). The ratio Qu/Qa was increased in the undernourished subjects and was significantly correlated with the ratio of non-muscle to muscle mass (r = 0.81; P < 0.005). These results fit in with our earlier suggestion of a greater proportion of non-muscle (visceral) mass in undernourished subjects. 5. The present data suggest that there are no changes in the rate of protein synthesis or breakdown in chronic undernutrition when results are expressed, conventionally, per kg fat-free mass. It can be theoretically shown, however, that there could be a 15% reduction in the rate of turnover of the visceral tissues in chronic undernutrition. This, together with the reduced urinary nitrogen excretion, would contribute to nitrogen economy in these individuals.

Download Full-text

Fully automated assay for total homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutathione, cysteamine, and 2-mercaptopropionylglycine in plasma and urine

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/44.4.825 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 825-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 172

Author(s):

Anna Pastore ◽

Renato Massoud ◽

Corradino Motti ◽

Anna Lo Russo ◽

Giorgio Fucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Precolumn Derivatization ◽

Mean Values ◽

Automated Assay ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plasma And Urine Samples ◽

Total Homocysteine

Abstract We describe a 6-min HPLC method to measure the total concentrations of the most important thiols in plasma and urine–cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione–as well as the concentrations in plasma and urine, respectively, of cysteamine and 2-mercaptopropionylglycine, two compounds used to treat disorders of cysteine metabolism. Precolumn derivatization with bromobimane and reversed-phase HPLC were performed automatically by a sample processor. Throughput was up to 100 samples in 24 h. The within-run CV ranged from 0.9% to 3.4% and the between-run CV ranged from 1.5% to 6.1%. Analytical recovery was 97–107%, with little difference between plasma and urine samples. The detection limit was ∼50 nmol/L for all the analytes studied. Thiol concentrations were determined in the plasma of 206 healthy donors and in the urine of 318 healthy donors distributed for age and sex. Mean values of plasma cysteine and homocysteine were significantly lower in infants (ages, <1 y) compared with other age groups (P <0.005). In adults, mean plasma homocysteine values were higher in males than in females (9.2 vs 6.7 μmol/L, P <0.0001) and in the 6- to 10-year-old group (P <0.05). Mean values for glutathione and cysteinylglycine were not sex- and age-dependent. In urine, both cysteine and homocysteine showed a wide range of variation.

Download Full-text

Basal Metabolic Rate of Adolescent Modern Pentathlon Athletes: Agreement between Indirect Calorimetry and Predictive Equations and the Correlation with Body Parameters

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0142859 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e0142859 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luiz Lannes Loureiro ◽

Sidnei Fonseca ◽

Natalia Gomes Casanova de Oliveira e Castro ◽

Renata Baratta dos Passos ◽

Cristiana Pedrosa Melo Porto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Indirect Calorimetry ◽

Predictive Equations ◽

Body Parameters

Download Full-text

Basal metabolic rate in lambs and young sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9740957 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 957 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

NMcC Graham ◽

TW Searle ◽

DA Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Adult Sheep ◽

Free Weight ◽

Wide Range ◽

Average Adult

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was determined in 56 crossbred sheep, up to 10 observations being made on each animal between 1 week of age and 2¼ years. The level of feeding was varied amongst the sheep so that there was a wide range in growth rate at each age. BMR was estimated as heat production under standard conditions of fasting. Trends during fasting were studied in four sheep at ages 3 weeks, 2 months and 9 months. The effects on BMR of body weight (or fat-free weight), age, prior growth rate and prior nutrition were examined statistically by estimating the parameters of a series of model equations by a least squares iterative method. Analysis of lamb and sheep data separately and combined showed that all these variates contributed significantly to BMR. Of the variance of BMR, 89% was accounted for in a body weight term, kgx, in which the value of x was not significantly different from ¾ if one or more of the other variates were in the model; x was unity when fat-free weight was used instead of body weight. If body weight was used alone, x was smaller for both lambs and weaners, being c. 0.60; with fat-free weight the values for lambs and weaners were 0.71 and 0.96 respectively. Age, growth rate and level of feeding were of approximately equal importance, together accounting for a further 6% of the total variance. BMR declined by c. 8% per annum and was affected to the extent of 2.8 kJ per gram body weight gain and 46 kJ per MJ digestible energy intake before fasting (all values per 24 hr). Thus an increase in growth rate in a lamb from zero to maximal (0.3 kg/day) caused BMR to increase by 50%, and an increase of food intake by 1 kg/day in an average adult sheep caused BMR to increase by 10%. For any given set of these variates, BMR was 23% higher in milk-fed lambs than in weaned sheep. An equation was derived for sheep in general; the residual standard deviation was c. 300 kJ/24 hr, or 7-8% of BMR in an average adult sheep. Some evidence was cited to show that this equation may be used to predict BMR in growing and adult cattle by multiplying the whole expression by 1.3.

Download Full-text