Outcome of Acute Otitis Media and its Relation to Clinical Features and Nasopharyngeal Colonization at the Time of Diagnosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 908-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Harabuchi, Hiroyuki Kodama, Howard
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization

scholarly journals Association of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and other risk factors with acute otitis media in an unvaccinated Indian birth cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2191-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. RUPA ◽  
R. ISAAC ◽  
G. REBEKAH ◽  
A. MANOHARAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
First Year Of Life

SUMMARYIn order to study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM) and Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization in the first 2 years of life, we followed up an unvaccinated birth cohort monthly and at visits when sick, with otoscopy to detect AOM and performed nasopharyngeal swabbing to detect S. pneumoniae. Serotyping of positive cultures was also performed. Of 210 babies who were enrolled at birth, 61 (29·05%) experienced 128 episodes of AOM [relative risk 2·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·21–5·75] with maximum incidence in the second half of the first year of life. Episodes ranged from 1 to 7 (mean 2·1 episodes). Most (86·9%) babies with AOM had a positive culture swab giving an odds ratio (OR) of 1·93 (95% CI 1·03–3·62, P = 0·041) for this association. Other risk factors identified for AOM were winter season (OR 3·46, 95% CI 1·56–7·30, P = 0·001), upper respiratory infection (OR 2·43, 95% CI 1·43–4·51, P = 0·005); residents of small households were less likely to develop AOM (OR 0·32, 95% CI 0·17–0·57, P < 0·01). Common S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated during episodes were 19, 6, 15, 35, 7, 23, 9 and 10 which indicated a theoretical coverage for pneumococcal vaccines PCV10 and PCV13 constituent serotypes of 62·8%. We conclude that AOM in Indian infants is often associated with S. pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx as well as other risk factors.

scholarly journals Changes Over Time in Nasopharyngeal Colonization in Children Under 2 Years of Age at the Time of Diagnosis of Acute Otitis Media (1999–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M Martin ◽  
Alejandro Hoberman ◽  
Nader Shaikh ◽  
Timothy Shope ◽  
S onika Bhatnagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background In children with acute otitis media (AOM), a decrease in nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization with vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been noted since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). The purpose of this study is to describe corresponding changes in colonization with Haemophilus influenzae. Methods In 4 separate studies, we obtained NP cultures from children aged 6–23 months presenting with AOM. Cohort 1 was recruited before routine use of PCV7 (1999–2000); 93% of children in cohort 2 (2003–2005) and 100% in cohort 3 (2006–2009) received ≥2 doses of PCV7. All children in cohort 4 (2012–2014) received ≥2 doses of PCV13. Isolates of H. influenzae were tested for ß-lactamase production; ß-lactamase negative isolates from cohorts 3 and 4 underwent susceptibility testing. Results A total of 899 children were evaluated. NP colonization with H. influenzae was found in 26% of children in cohort 1 (n = 175), 41% in cohort 2 (n = 87), 33% in cohort 3 (n = 282), and 29% in cohort 4 (n = 355). Colonization with H. influenzae increased initially from cohort 1 to cohort 2 (P = .01), then decreased across cohorts 2, 3, and 4 (P = .03, test for trend). The prevalence rates of ß-lactamase production were 27%, 42%, 33%, and 30% in each of the 4 cohorts, respectively (P = .50). Conclusions Although an initial increase in H. influenzae colonization was observed, suggesting an impact of PCVs, the most recent prevalence rates of NP colonization with H. influenzae and ß-lactamase production were like those observed before universal administration of PCV7. This knowledge is critical to guide appropriate treatment recommendations for children with AOM.

The specific microbiological and clinical features of acute otitis media

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
Yu. V. Levina ◽  
A. L. Guseva ◽  
Z. G. Elchueva ◽  
S. P. Efimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Acute Otitis Media

Pneumococcal Otitis Media following Middle Ear Deflation

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Meyerhoff ◽  
G. Scott Giebink ◽  
Donald Shea
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Histologic Changes

Temporal bone histology has been studied in chinchillas following middle ear deflation in the presence of nasopharyngeal colonization with S pneumoniae. All animals sacrificed within one hour following deflation had similar middle ear hsitology regardless of whether or not the animals had been colonized with S pneumoniae. All animals with negative nasopharyngeal culture for S pneumoniae sacrificed from 3–24 days following − 30 mm Hg negative middle ear pressure had negative middle ear cultures and normal morphology. During the same time period, however, nearly 60% of animals colonized with S pneumoniae developed acute otitis media with positive middle ear cultures for S pneumoniae. Histologic changes in the middle ear included the presence of effusion, leukocytes, granulation tissue, osteoneogenesis, mucosal metaplasia, and hemorrhage. Changes in the inner ear were much less frequent and included some leukocyte infiltration with hyperemia in the scala tympani and endolymphatic hydrops.

STUDY THE CLINICAL FEATURES, SUBCLINICAL AND EVALUATE THE TREATMENT RESULTS OTITIS EXTERNA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
The Nguyen Tu ◽  
Hung Ho Manh ◽  
Loc Nguyen Canh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the clinical features, subclinical and to evalute the treatment results otitis externa. Material and method: 51 patients with 53 ears were diagnosed otitis externa at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Methods: Cross sectional and propective studies. Results: Percentage of female (52.9%), male (47.1%). The most common age group is >15 – 30 years old (41.2%). Patients have antecedent with chronic otitis media is about 15.7%. 37.3% patients had used antibiotics, 21.6% had used corticosteroid. Acute otitis externa accounted for 43.4%, chronic stage accounted for 56.6%. Itching of the ear (67.9%), earache (41.9%), fullness (22.6%). External ear canal condition: earwax (58.5%), discharge (35.8%). 13.2% of patients has eardrum perforation. Isolation of microorganisms: fungi (60.8%), bacteria (29.4%), both fungi and bacteria (9.8%). Fungal results: Aspergillus (58.1%), Candida (16.1%), non-fungal culture (16.1%). Results of bacterial identification: S. aureus (80%), P. aeruginosa (15%). In acute otitis externa, the highest rate is bacterial infection (65.3%), chronic otitis externa, the highest rate is fungi (96.7%). In acute otitis media, the pain in the ear when pushed and of the pinna when pulled is 60.9%. Itching is the most symptom in infection by fungi (56.6%), ear pain commonly associated with bacterial infection (24.5%), fullness is most commonly caused by fungi (13.2%). Bacteria S. aureus in otitis externa are most sensitive to vancomycin(100%), gentamicin (76.5%), ciprofloxacin (64.7%). The proportion of patients responding to treatment is 90.6%. In external ear inflammation, the mean time at end of symptom is 6.2 ± 2.79 days. Conclusions: Otitis externa is a common disease, encountered at many ages and treatment has a good result. Key words: otitis externa

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