The Influence of Spinal Cord Injury on Coping Styles and Self-Perceptions Two Years after the Injury

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Craig ◽  
K Hancock ◽  
E Chang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Coping

This study is a two year follow-up of previous longitudinal research which investigated the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on perceptions of control, self-esteem and coping styles over the first year of SCI. Persons with SCI and a demographically matched able-bodied control group completed standardised questionnaires on four occasions over two years. The instruments included the Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale (LCB), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and an adapted Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC), which measures coping styles, including fighting spirit, helplessness/hopelessness and fatalism. Results obtained in the first year were replicated in the two year data, except for the LCB Scale. After one year, the SCI group were found to perceive their life to be externally controlled, to be lower in self-esteem, and have more helpless/hopeless and fatalistic attitudes than the controls. There were no differences in self esteem and coping styles after two years for the SCI group. However, locus of control fluctuated over the two years, though there was a trend for the SCI group to be more externally focussed. There were no significant interactions between group and time. Implications for the adjustment of SCI persons are discussed.

The Influence of Spinal Cord Injury on Coping Styles and Self-Perceptions: A Controlled Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hancock ◽  
Ashley Craig ◽  
Chris Tennant ◽  
Esther Chang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Usa ◽  
One Year ◽  
Injured Patients

Well-controlled research investigating psychological responses following Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is lacking. In addition, much of the literature is based on depression following SCI and is dominated by data from the USA. The effects of SCI on perceptions of control, self-esteem and coping styles over the first year of SCI were investigated. Forty-one acute spinal injured patients and 41 able-bodied controls matched for age, sex and education completed a variety of standardised questionnaires on three occasions over one year. The instruments included the Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and an adapted Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) Scale which measures coping styles, including fighting spirit, helplessness/hopelessness and fatalism. The SCI group were found to be more external in their perceptions of control, lower in self-esteem, and more helpless/hopeless and fatalistic in attitude than the controls. The majority of the SCI group had scores reflecting adaptive coping styles and intact levels of self-esteem but there were still a substantial proportion who displayed maladaptive coping styles (e.g. external locus of control, fatalism, helplessness). No differences in scores across time were found for either group. Implications for psychological rehabilitation are discussed.

The Effectiveness of Group Psychological Intervention in Enhancing Perceptions of Control following Spinal Cord Injury

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Craig ◽  
Karen Hancock ◽  
Esther Chang ◽  
Hugh Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Hospital Rehabilitation

Objective: This research investigated the effects of a structured psychological intervention, delivered during hospital rehabilitation, on the perceptions of control in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: A longitudinal study was designed to assess perceptions of control (using an objective measure of locus of control) in SCI persons who participated in specialised group cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) during hospital rehabilitation. The treatment SCI group's responses on locus of control were compared with a control group of SCI persons who only received traditional rehabilitation services during their hospitalisation. Results and Conclusions: Mean locus of control scores were not high (i.e. external) for both groups and there were no overall group differences on locus of control responses across time in comparison to the control group. However, subjects in both groups who initially perceived life as externally controlled were extracted to form subgroups. The members of the subgroup who received CBT were significantly more likely to feel in control of themselves 2 years post injury compared to similar persons in the control group. Furthermore, an external locus of control was significantly but mildly associated with depressive mood 2 years after the injury. This research suggests that the provision of a structured psychological program in the rehabilitation stage will be beneficial for many SCI persons who feel that they have little control over their lives.

scholarly journals Exercise Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury by Changing DNA Methylation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ganchimeg Davaa ◽  
Jin Young Hong ◽  
Tae Uk Kim ◽  
Seong Jae Lee ◽  
Seo Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Brain

Exercise training is a traditional method to maximize remaining function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the exact mechanism by which exercise promotes recovery after SCI has not been identified; whether exercise truly has a beneficial effect on SCI also remains unclear. Previously, we showed that epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex occur after SCI and that a treatment leading to epigenetic modulation effectively promotes functional recovery after SCI. We aimed to determine how exercise induces functional improvement in rats subjected to SCI and whether epigenetic changes are engaged in the effects of exercise. A spinal cord contusion model was established in rats, which were then subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks. We found that the size of the lesion cavity and the number of macrophages were decreased more in the exercise group than in the control group after 12 weeks of injury. Immunofluorescence and DNA dot blot analysis revealed that levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the brain motor cortex were increased after exercise. Accordingly, the expression of ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family members (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) in the brain motor cortex also elevated. However, no macrophage polarization was induced by exercise. Locomotor function, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and ladder scores, also improved in the exercise group compared to the control group. We concluded that treadmill exercise facilitates functional recovery in rats with SCI, and mechanistically epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex may contribute to exercise-induced improvements.

scholarly journals AAV2-mediated and hypoxia response element-directed expression of bFGF in neural stem cells showed therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sipin Zhu ◽  
Yibo Ying ◽  
Jiahui Ye ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Qiuji Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Hypoxia Response Element ◽  
Neurofilament Protein ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Hypoxia Response ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractNeural stem cell (NSCs) transplantation has been one of the hot topics in the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is considered a promising nerve injury therapy after SCI. However, owing to a hostile hypoxia condition in SCI, there remains a challenging issue in implementing these tactics to repair SCI. In this report, we used adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2), a prototype AAV used in clinical trials for human neuron disorders, basic FGF (bFGF) gene under the regulation of hypoxia response element (HRE) was constructed and transduced into NSCs to yield AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs. Our results showed that its treatment yielded temporally increased expression of bFGF in SCI, and improved scores of functional recovery after SCI compared to vehicle control (AAV2-5HRE-NSCs) based on the analyses of the inclined plane test, Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) scale and footprint analysis. Mechanistic studies showed that AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment increased the expression of neuron-specific neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN), neuromodulin GAP43, and neurofilament protein NF200 while decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as compared to the control group. Further, the expressions of autophagy-associated proteins LC3-II and Beclin 1 were decreased, whereas the expression of P62 protein was increased in AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment group. Taken together, our data indicate that AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs treatment improved the recovery of SCI rats, which is accompanied by evidence of nerve regeneration, and inhibition of SCI-induced glial scar formation and cell autophagy. Thus, this study represents a step forward towards the potential use of AAV2-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs for future clinical trials of SCI repair.

scholarly journals Effect of pelvic laparoscopic implantation of neuroprosthesis in spinal cord injured subjects: a 1-year prospective randomized controlled study

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Kasch ◽  
Uffe Schou Løve ◽  
Anette Bach Jønsson ◽  
Kaare Eg Severinsen ◽  
Marc Possover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Study design 1-year prospective RCT. Objective Examine the effect of implantable pulse generator and low-frequency stimulation of the pelvic nerves using laparoscopic implantation of neuroprosthesis (LION) compared with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in SCI. Methods Inclusion criteria: traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), age 18–55 years, neurological level-of-injury Th4–L1, time-since-injury >1 year, and AIS-grades A–B. Participants were randomized to (A) LION procedure or (B) control group receiving NMES. Primary outcome measure: Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI-II), which is a SCI specific outcome measure assessing ability to ambulate. Secondary outcome measures: Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS), severity of spasticity measured by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11); International Spinal Cord Injury data sets-Quality of Life Basic Data Set (QoLBDS), and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Results Seventeen SCI individuals, AIS grade A, neurological level ranging from Th4–L1, were randomized to the study. One individual was excluded prior to intervention. Eight participants (7 males) with a mean age (SD) of 35.5 (12.4) years were allocated to the LION procedure, 8 participants (7 males) with age of 38.8 (15.1) years were allocated to NMES. Significantly, 5 LION group participants gained 1 point on the WISCI II scale, (p < 0.013; Fisher´s exact test). WISCI II scale score did not change in controls. No significant changes were observed in the secondary outcome measures. Conclusion The LION procedure is a promising new treatment for individuals with SCI with significant one-year improvement in walking ability.

Transplantation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells at Different Locations in Mice with Spinal Cord Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Iwai ◽  
Satoshi Nori ◽  
Soraya Nishimura ◽  
Akimasa Yasuda ◽  
Morito Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neurotropic Factor ◽  
Transplantation Site

Transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI); however, few studies have examined the optimal site of NS/PC transplantation in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal transplantation site of NS/PCs for the treatment of SCI. Wild-type mice were generated with contusive SCI at the T10 level, and NS/PCs were derived from fetal transgenic mice. These NS/PCs ubiquitously expressed ffLuc-cp156 protein (Venus and luciferase fusion protein) and so could be detected by in vivo bioluminescence imaging 9 days postinjury. NS/PCs (low: 250,000 cells per mouse; high: 1 million cells per mouse) were grafted into the spinal cord at the lesion epicenter (E) or at rostral and caudal (RC) sites. Phosphate-buffered saline was injected into E as a control. Motor functional recovery was better in each of the transplantation groups (E-Low, E-High, RC-Low, and RC-High) than in the control group. The photon counts of the grafted NS/PCs were similar in each of the four transplantation groups, suggesting that the survival of NS/PCs was fairly uniform when more than a certain threshold number of cells were transplanted. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that brain-derived neurotropic factor expression was higher in the RC segment than in the E segment, and this may underlie why NS/PCs more readily differentiated into neurons than into astrocytes in the RC group. The location of the transplantation site did not affect the area of spared fibers, angiogenesis, or the expression of any other mediators. These findings indicated that the microenvironments of the E and RC sites are able to support NS/PCs transplanted during the subacute phase of SCI similarly. Optimally, a certain threshold number of NS/PCs should be grafted into the E segment to avoid damaging sites adjacent to the lesion during the injection procedure.

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