Comparison of mehlich 3, mehlich 1, ammonium bicarbonate‐DTPA, 1.0M ammonium acetate, and 0.2M ammonium chloride for extraction of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium for a wide range of soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Alva
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The ability of several soil extractants to identify copper-responsive wheat soils

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK Best ◽  
GK Manning ◽  
NJ Grundon
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range

Tests with six solutions for extracting copper from soil (viz.: 1M ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4); 1M CH3COONH4 + 2% hydroquinone; 0. 5M ammonium oxalate [(NH4)2C2O4]; 0.005M diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid + triethanolamine + calcium chloride (DTPA + TEA + CaCl); 0.005MDTPA + 1M ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3); and 0.01M ethylenediaminetetra- acetic acid (EDTA) + 1M NH4HCO3) were examined in both glasshouse and field studies for their ability to predict the responsiveness to copper fertilizer of wheat grown on a wide range of Queensland soils. The ammonium-acetate-based solutions did not extract measurable amounts of copper from soil. The usefulness of the remaining solutions was in the order EDTA-NH4HCO3>DTPA-NH4HCO3 >> DTPA-TEA-CaCl2 > (NH4)2C2O4. The EDTA-NH4HC03 method is recommended for identifying copper-responsive wheat soils in southern Queensland, and the suggested critical levels for dry matter production and grain yield are 0.4 and 0.3 ppm Cu respectively.

Responsiveness to seasonal temperature and nitrogen among genotypes of kikuyu, paspalum and bermuda grass pastures of coastal New South Wales

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Pearson ◽  
H Kemp ◽  
AC Kirby ◽  
TE Launders ◽  
C Mikled
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Three experiments were carried out to test the hypotheses that (a) there are quantitative differences in growth rate and quality between newly registered cultivars and older cultivars in response to changes in temperature and fertility, and (b) responsiveness to temperature varies between sites because cultivars acclimatize to their current environment. Performance in simulated swards indicated that potential productivity was highest from bermuda grass (Cynodon x Burton Pearson). This was, however, a poor indicator of performance in the field, where yield of bermuda grass was depressed by weeds whereas that of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) was unaffected. In the field, a newly registered kikuyu, cv. Crofts, outyielded bermuda grass and paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) either alone or when combined with lucerne. A further experiment compared cvv. Crofts, Whittet and common kikuyu at three levels of nitrogen at three sites. Peak growth rates were the same at all locations but Crofts outyielded the other genotypes by 60, 13 and 18% at Bega (37�S.), Camden (34�S.) and Taree (32�S.) respectively. Average growth rates varied seasonally and were correlated with temperature (r > 0.9). Analysis of temperature responsiveness (kg/ha.�C) indicated that responsiveness varied consistently between genotypes at any location. Furthermore, the base temperature (the temperature below which there was negligible growth) was the same for all genotypes at any location but it increased with increasing latitude. That is, there was a tendency to greater dormancy with increasing coldness of location. Nitrogen responsiveness was the same for all genotypes and sites. Seasonal variations in digestibility and mineral concentrations in kikuyu, bermuda grass and paspalum were similar in the field and in simulated swards; quality was the same in all kikuyu genotypes. Calcium, magnesium and nitrogen concentrations of plant tops (but not phosphorus and potassium concentrations) increased with increasing rates of application of nitrogen fertilizer.

Comparability of Electroultrafiltration and Ammonium Acetate–Lactate Extraction Data for Phosphorus and Potassium in Pseudogley Soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
Tihana Teklić ◽  
Vladimir Vukadinović ◽  
Blaženka Bertić ◽  
Zdenko Lončarić
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Frequency of Cutting on the Yield and Composition of Napier Grass in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
José Vicente-Chandler ◽  
Servando Silva ◽  
Jacinto Figarella
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The effects of nitrogen rates ranging from 0 to 2,000 pounds of N per acre yearly and of 40-, 60-, and 90-day harvest intervals on the yield and composition of Napier grass and on soil acidity, were determined for three consecutive years. Yields increased with nitrogen fertilization to at least the 800-pound level during all seasons. Crude-protein contents and protein yields increased with nitrogen fertilization up to the 2,000-pound level. More than 60 percent of the fertilizer nitrogen was recovered in the forage at all rates up to 1,200 pounds per acre yearly, but efficiency of utilization in terms of dry matter produced per pound of nitrogen decreased beyond the 400- pound level. The phosphorus and potassium contents of the forage decreased, but the lignin content increased with increasing nitrogen rates. The calcium and magnesium contents were not markedly affected by nitrogen fertilization. Dry-matter and protein yields and lignin content of the forage increased, while the protein, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium contents decreased with length of harvest interval. With a 60-day harvest interval and 800 pounds of nitrogen per acre yearly, which seemed to be the optimum combination, Napier grass yielded 44,561 pounds of dry matter, or about 130 tons of green forage, per acre yearly, containing 9.7 percent of protein. With this treatment, Napier grass removed 674 pounds of nitrogen, 554 of potassium, and 120 each of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus per acre yearly from the soil. Over-all yields did not decrease during the 3 years of experimentation but seasonal yields varied by as much as 70 percent of the average. The treatments affected residual yields obtained more than 6 months after the experiment was terminated. The application of 800 pounds of N as ammonium sulfate per acre annually over a 3-year period caused a drop of 3 pH units and a loss of 10.4 m.e. of exchangeable bases per 100 gm. of soil in the upper 6 inches of soil.

Investigation of the ammonium chloride and ammonium acetate inhibition of oxygen evolution by Photosystem II

1994 ◽  
Vol 1188 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dugald J. MacLachlan ◽  
Jonathan H.A. Nugent ◽  
Joseph T. Warden ◽  
Michael C.W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Acetate

scholarly journals Analysis of Nicotine and Nicotine-Related Compounds in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 154-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Peter Joza ◽  
Bill Rickert
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Solution ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Phase Gradient ◽  
Related Compounds

Summary The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method for determining nicotine and nicotine related compounds (i.e., nicotine-N-oxide, cotinine, nornicotine, anatabine, myosmine, anabasine, and β-nicotyrine) in e-cigarette aerosols and e-liquids. Aerosol collection was achieved using a Cambridge collection pad. The sample preparation consisted of adding deuterated internal standards to the collection pad and extracting with 100 mM ammonium acetate solution using a wrist-action shaker. The filtrate was then analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a Gemini NX C18 column (3 μm, 150 × 3 mm) with a mobile phase gradient system consisting of acetonitrile and 10% acetonitrile in 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate (pH = 8.0) and electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive mode. The e-liquid was analyzed using the same instrumental parameters, but simplifying the sample preparation procedure by adding deuterated internal standards directly to the 100-mg sample. The sample was then extracted with 100 mM ammonium acetate solution, sonicated, and filtered. In this study, the method’s accuracy, robustness, and reliability were enhanced by using deuterated analogues of each compound as internal standards and by applying two ion-transition pairs for each compound for the confirmation and quantification. Validation experiments demonstrated good sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. All the target compound calibrations exhibited satisfactory linearity from 0.050 to 5.0 mg/mL (r2 > 0.995). The average recoveries for e-liquids varied from 85.2% (nicotine-N-oxide) to 110% (β-nicotyrine) with recoveries for all compounds exhibiting a coefficient of variation (CV) < 5.0%. Similarly, the average recoveries for e-cigarette aerosols varied from 87.8% (for nicotine-N-oxide) to 111% (for myosmine) with all CV < 8.8%. The LOD and LOQ for e-liquids for all target compounds ranged from 0.234 and 0.781 μg/g (cotinine) to 1.66 and 5.48 μg/g (nicotine-Noxide). For e-cigarette aerosols these limits ranged from 0.094 and 0.312 μg/collection (cotinine) to 0.872 and 2.87 μg/collection (nicotine-N-oxide). This methodology was used to quantitatively determine if any of the target compounds were present in a variety of sample matrices, including e-cigarette solutions and aerosols, and was successfully applied to stability studies, to monitor changes in the target compound levels which might be caused by e-cigarette formulations, components and the storage conditions.

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