Disentangling executive functions and memory processes in event‐based prospective remembering after brain damage: A neuropsychological study

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute A. Kopp ◽  
Angelika I.T. Thöne‐Otto
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Prospective Remembering ◽  
Neuropsychological Study ◽  
Event Based

Time-Based Prospective Memory Is Associated with Functional Performance in Persons with MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043
Author(s):  
Erica Weber ◽  
Nancy D. Chiaravalloti ◽  
John DeLuca ◽  
Yael Goverover
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Memory For Intentions ◽  
Event Based

AbstractObjective:Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) often report prospective memory (PM) failures that directly impact their everyday life. However, it is not known whether PM deficits confer an increased risk of poorer everyday functioning. The aims of this study were to: (1) compare time- (Time-PM) and event-based PM (Event-PM) performance between persons with MS and healthy controls (HCs), (2) examine the neuropsychological correlates of PM in MS, and (3) examine the relationship between PM and everyday functioning in MS.Method:A between-subjects design was used to examine 30 adults with MS and 30 community-dwelling HC. Participants were administered the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST) to assess PM skills, the Actual Reality™ (AR) to assess everyday functioning, and a battery of cognitive tests.Results:The MS group performed significantly worse on Time-PM compared to HC but not on Event-PM tasks. While both Time-PM and Event-PM subscales were correlated with retrospective learning and memory, the MIST Time-PM subscale was correlated with executive functions. Significant correlations were observed between AR and the MIST Time-PM, but not Event-PM, subscales.Conclusions:The results highlight the role of executive functions on Time-PM. Furthermore, significant relationships with AR extend the ecological validity of the MIST to MS populations.

Prospective Memory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prospective Memory Task ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Intended Action ◽  
Event Based ◽  
New Framework

Prospective memory involves remembering to perform an action when there is a delay between forming the intention to act and the point at which the action can be carried out. The distinction between time- and event-based prospective memory, the typical laboratory paradigm, and the concept of cost as a measure of the extent to which attention is allocated to the prospective memory task at the expense of other activities are described. Two theories of prospective memory are compared. Also noted is that prospective memory involves retrospective memory processes, for remembering what the intended action is and remembering when the action is to be performed, and a prospective component for remembering that something is to be done. The new concept of metaintentions or metaintentional processes is introduced along with a new framework for organizing existing research and motivating future research. The literature is reviewed within the structure of this new framework.

Does Delay Affect Prospective Memory Performance?

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Nigro ◽  
Pier Carla Cicogna
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Prospective Memory Task ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Prospective Remembering ◽  
Intention Formation ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Prospective Memory Performance

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the retention interval between intention formation and the execution of the action affects the occurrence of remembering and its accuracy. 126 subjects (48 men and 78 women) between 18 and 24 years participated in a two-phase experiment. An event-based prospective memory task was assigned at the end of the first experimental session, which required reporting a message to the second experimenter at the beginning of the second experimental session. The length of the interval of time between the formation of the intention and its execution varied (10 minutes, 2 days, 2 weeks). Participants were randomly assigned to the three conditions (42 each). A post-experimental interview was carried out in order to find out the strategies that subjects employed to retrieve the message and the importance they attributed to the task. Results indicate that the delay affected neither the occurrence of remembering nor its accuracy, and that the importance attributed to the planned action improved the likelihood of prospective remembering. Furthermore, results seem to indicate that external reminders do not improve prospective memory. Further implications of the finding were discussed.

Does a state of alcohol hangover impair event based prospective memory?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s864-s864
Author(s):  
T. Heffernan
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Street ◽  
Prospective Remembering ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Everyday Remembering ◽  
Future Plans

IntroductionThe alcohol hangover state (AHS) is characterized by range of symptoms (e.g., drowsiness, fatigue, gastro-intestinal problems, dry mouth, nausea, sweating) that remain after ones blood-alcohol level returns to zero following a recent bout of excessive drinking. Recent findings have revealed a range of cognitive deficits associated with an AHS, including memory deficits. It is less clear what impact the AHS has upon everyday remembering; of which prospective memory is an excellent example (PM: memory for future plans/actions; such as remembering to perform a task at a specific time).AimsThe present study explored whether the AHS impairs everyday PM.MethodsTwenty-one AHS participants were compared with 28 non-AHS controls using a between-groups design. All completed a prospective remembering video procedure (prvp), which measured event-based pm. the prvp required the participant first to memorise a series of specific action-locations combinations and then to recall these combinations whilst viewing a CD clip of a busy shopping high street. Drug use (alcohol, smoking, etc.) and mood (anxiety and depression) were also measured, as these have been shown to have a deleterious impact upon PM.ResultsThe AHS group recalled significantly fewer event-based PM combinations on the PRVP compared with the non-AHS control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups on age, smoking, alcohol use or mood.ConclusionThese results confirm that a state of alcohol hangover impedes everyday prospective memory. The wider implications will be discussed at conference.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Differences in executive functions applied to memory processes in people with migraine: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Quiroz Padilla ◽  
Patricia Pitta ◽  
Laura Lombana-Angel ◽  
Gordon Ingram ◽  
Carolina Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Copy Strategy

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify differences in memory processes and the role of executive functions in memory, in people with migraine and in a control group. Neuropsychological evaluation was made in one session on 63 participants distributed into interictal migraine-with-aura (n = 24), interictal migraine-without-aura (n = 16) and control (n = 23) groups. ANOVAs on the individual tasks revealed statistically significant differences between groups on Rey-Osterrieth direct and percentile copy strategy and recall (both p < 0.001). Differences were identified between control and migraine groups in performance on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, but not on other memory tasks, suggesting the existence of brain dysfunctions in people with migraine affecting organizational and planning abilities that are necessary for visual memory.

scholarly journals Ecological Assessment of Executive Functions: A New Virtual Reality Paradigm

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok S. Jansari ◽  
Alex Devlin ◽  
Rob Agnew ◽  
Katarina Akesson ◽  
Lesley Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments ◽  
Event Based

Acquired brain injury (ABI) can lead to a constellation of higher-order executive problems, which can impact significantly on everyday behaviour. While some neuropsychological assessments are able to measure these impairments objectively, increasingly, clinicians are finding that a subset of their patients passes these tests while still exhibiting difficulties in day-to-day living. Calls have therefore been made to develop assessments that are more sensitive and that are more ecologically valid. In this study, in Experiment 1, a multiple errands task (MET) based around a business office was created to assess concurrently nine aspects of executive functioning (planning, prioritisation, selective-thinking, creative-thinking, adaptive-thinking, multi-tasking, action-based prospective memory (PM), event-based PM and time-based PM). This new paradigm, the Jansari assessment of Executive Functions (JEF©) showed a significant difference between six individuals with ABI and matched healthy controls; further, it showed that across the nine constructs there was a range of performance. In Experiment 2, JEF©was recreated in a virtual environment resembling a computer game, and it was found that this version significantly differentiated between 17 individuals with ABI and 30 healthy controls. These results suggest that the virtual version of JEF©could be used as a new assessment of executive function. The profile of performance across the nine constructs for each individual provides a wealth of objective information that could potentially inform targeted rehabilitation.

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