A production systems approach using a simulated hierarchical organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
JOSEPH F. CLARK ◽  
DAVID M. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Organization

scholarly journals 68 Assessing the Performance of Multiple Grass-fed Beef Production Systems in California

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Sarah C Klopatek ◽  
Toni Duarte ◽  
Crystal Yang ◽  
James W Oltjen
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Whole Systems

Abstract With demand for grass-fed beef continuing to increase, there is an immediate need to determine animal performance and product quality from varying grass-fed systems. Therefore, using a whole systems approach, we investigated the performance and carcass quality of multiple grass-fed beef systems in California. The treatments included: 1) steers stocked on pasture, then feedyard finished for 140 days (CON); 2) steers grass-fed for 20 months (20GF); 3) steers grass-fed for 20 months with a 45-day grain finish (GR45); and 4) steers grass-fed for 25 months (25GF). The data were analyzed using a mixed model procedure in R. Final body weight (FBW) varied significantly between treatments (P < 0.05) with the CON cattle finishing at 626 kg and GF20 finishing with the lowest FBW of 478 kg. There were no significant differences in FBW between GF45 and GF25 treatments (P > 0.05), with FBW equaling 551 kg and 570 kg, respectively. Dressing percentage (DP) differed significantly between all treatments (P < 0.05), with CON DP at 61.8%, followed by GR45 at 57.5%, GF25 at 53.4%, and GF20 at 50.3%. Marbling scores and quality grades were significantly higher for CON compared to all other treatments (P < 0.05), with a marbling score of 421; 14% of CON animals graded select and 85% graded choice or upper choice. Cattle in the GR20 had the lowest marbling score of 285 (P < 0.05); 59% of the GR20 cattle graded select and 41% graded standard. There was no difference in marbling when comparing the GF25 and GR45 (P > 0.5). In addition, carcasses graded similarly between the two treatments with GF25 grading 13% standard 82% select, and 6% choice, GR45 graded 85% select and 15% choice. The findings from this study indicate that varying CA grass-fed beef production systems results in significant differences in both animal performance and meat quality.

scholarly journals Biological Approaches for Control of Root Pathogens of Strawberry

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Martin ◽  
C. T. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Production Problems

Soil fumigation with methyl bromide plus chloropicrin is used as a preplant treatment to control a broad range of pathogens in high-value annual crop production systems. In California, fumigation is used on approximately 10,125 ha of strawberry production to control pathogens ranging from Verticillium dahliae to root pruning pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, or Cylindrocarpon spp. In addition to pathogen control, fumigation also causes an enhanced growth response of the plant and reduces weed pressure. The development of successful, long-term cost effective biocontrol strategies most likely will require the development of an integrated systems approach that incorporates diverse aspects of the crop production system. Although application of single microbial inoculants may provide some level of control for specific production problems, it will be a challenge to provide the broad spectrum of activity needed in production fields.

A computer-aided protocol design by production systems approach

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1748-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-M. Huang ◽  
Y.-I. Chang ◽  
M.T. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Computer Aided

Beyond Lean Manufacturing: Developing an Integrated Methodology to Design Effective Manufacturing Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cantamessa ◽  
Francesca Montagna
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Lean Principles ◽  
Manufacturing Operations

Global competition forces manufacturing companies to operate deep changes in their production systems, involving physical resources, operating procedures and the organization. In this context, the Lean Manufacturing (LM) paradigm is quite popular and lean practice efforts have crossed from the automotive sector into other industries. Most academic contributions to literature concerning LM are on specific aspects of LM, while there is little discussion on the overall implementation of LM. This is despite the fact that lean principles encompass all aspects of manufacturing operations and the need of a systemic approach is clearly shown in practitioner-oriented literature. A number of factors (i.e. cultural, technological and industrial differences) may influence or inhibit the implementation of LM. This paper focuses on some of the critical aspects of LM and analyzes the reason why LM principles are difficult to implement. In particular it suggests that, by formulating a solid scientific basis, the application of LM in industry could become easier and more rigorous, and not only based on past experience. At the same time, the paper suggests that when theory-based tools are used in an isolated way, this carries the risk of not effectively coping with the systemic nature of manufacturing systems. This paper proposes the idea of an innovative methodology able to lead beyond the usual concept of LM, i.e. to adopt its basic principles and systemic perspective, but following a rational and deductive approach that explicitly considers company specific features. The methodology is based on the “Systems of Systems” approach currently being used in the context of complex military initiatives and on the integration of different tools, each focused on specific aspects of the manufacturing system. The paper makes a preliminary attempt to describe how the main aspects of manufacturing systems (resources, quality management systems, production planning and control procedures, etc.) can be represented within the SoS framework and how SoS can support the rational definition of the path leading from corporate strategy to system redesign.

scholarly journals MODELING A MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE-A SYSTEMS APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PSRK Nageswara Rao ◽  
P. Usha Sri ◽  
K. Vizayakumar
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprise ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Continuous Improvement Process ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Dynamics Modelling

Understanding the context and problems of a manufacturing enterprise (ME) and its internal dynamics, primarily through modelling by its processes, operations, and activities. This paper attempts to provide a deeper understanding of the structure and internal mechanisms of ME that shape the overall dynamic behaviour through system dynamics modelling. In this paper, we discuss the system dynamics model in detail and present the insights gained from running simulations. This model helps to explore various policy options relating to decisions and it can be applied to predict system behaviour and gain insights using sound engineering and scientific principles and techniques before implementing a new policy. The paper describes major influences in ME from a system perspective, problems inherent in production systems made clear because the modelling of causal loops introduce cross-departmental issues and promote process Integration. This model guides managers through a continuous improvement process relative to addressing physical, policy or paradigm constraints in their production system.

scholarly journals Small-Sided Games as Holons in the Football: a hierarchical systems approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis ◽  
Umberto César Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Game Situation ◽  
Nested Hierarchy ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Level Of Analysis

abstract Sports science has showed benefits in the use of small-sided games in the teaching-learning and training processes of football. We propose that such benefits occur because the small-sided games are holons of a hierarchically organized that maintain the same characteristics of game, regardless the reduced complexity. The hierarchical model of football considers the numerical relations of cooperation and opposition in specific spaces of play. It characterizes a nested hierarchy model because it deals with both the parts and the different processes of game. Such a hierarchical model contains five levels, in which the upper level is the football game and the elementary level a game situation, that is, a small-sided game. As any open system of hierarchical organization, the small-sided games present simultaneously invariant characteristics of whole and the specificities of the parts according the context and level of analysis. The adoption of such a hierarchical perspective allows setting goals as well as selecting the teaching-learning and training’s contents at different analysis levels by considering the autonomy-dependency in each one.

scholarly journals Application of Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies to Marine Aquaculture for Future Food: Imperatives, Challenges and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleem Mustafa ◽  
Sitti Raehanah M. Shaleh ◽  
Rossita Shapawi ◽  
Abentin Estim ◽  
Ching Fui Fui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

This study was undertaken to examine the options and feasibility of deploying new technologies for transforming the aquaculture sector with the objective of increasing the production efficiency. Selection of technologies to obtain the expected outcome should, obviously, be consistent with the criteria of sustainable development. There is a range of technologies being suggested for driving change in aquaculture to enhance its contribution to food security. It is necessary to highlight the complexity of issues for systems approach that can shape the course of development of aquaculture so that it can live-up to the expected fish demand by 2030 in addition to the current quantity of 82.1 million tons. Some of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) technologies suggested to achieve this target envisage the use of real-time monitoring, integration of a constant stream of data from connected production systems and intelligent automation in controls. This requires application of mobile devices, internet of things (IoT), smart sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, robotics as well as augmented virtual and mixed reality. AI is receiving more attention due to many reasons. Its use in aquaculture can happen in many ways, for example, in detecting and mitigating stress on the captive fish which is considered critical for the success of aquaculture. While the technology intensification in aquaculture holds a great potential but there are constraints in deploying IR4.0 tools in aquaculture. Possible solutions and practical options, especially with respect to future food choices are highlighted in this paper.

The Role of Engineering Critical Assessment in the Life Extension of Risers Connected to Floating Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basim Mekha ◽  
Robin Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Design Life

Abstract As many offshore production systems approach the end of their original Design Life, Operators are faced with the choice of either decommissioning or demonstrating that the original Design Life can be extended (Life Extension). Life extension requires the Operator to perform detailed engineering analyses to verify that the system can be operated safely over the period of Life Extension. In many cases this requires detailed fatigue analysis and inspection programs to demonstrate that original fabrication flaws or fatigue cracks that may have existed during the welding of the riser joints or initiated over the original Design Life will not grow to a critical size resulting in failure. Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) is now routinely applied in the design and fabrication of new offshore riser systems to develop girth weld flaw acceptance criteria. The resulting flaw acceptance criteria ensure that fabrication flaws will not extend to a critical size over the Design Life and thus the riser still meet its calculated fatigue life. Although ECA procedures for new construction are well established and standard practices have been adopted throughout the industry, ECA procedures for Life Extension have not yet evolved to the same level of acceptance. This paper will review specific issues associated with applying ECA to support Life Extension of offshore Riser Systems. The paper will provide the overall ECA philosophy and methodology for life extension to be adopted for the historical (hindcast or Phase 1) and future (forecast or Phase 2) analysis of the risers. Some thoughts will also be given to the approach implemented to take advantage of the actual weld fabrication data with the focus on the fatigue critical sections of the risers. Finally, the paper will address the requirements for riser in-situ inspection and how the results could be analyzed and applied to the life extension analysis in conjunction with the ECA analysis.

scholarly journals Using Local Agroecological Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation: A Study of Tree-Based Options in Northern Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kmoch ◽  
Tim Pagella ◽  
Matilda Palm ◽  
Fergus Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Economic Constraints

Communities in northern Morocco are vulnerable to increasing water scarcity and food insecurity. Context specific adaptation options thus need to be identified to sustain livelihoods and agroecosystems in this region, and increase the resilience of vulnerable smallholders, and their farming systems, to undesired effects of social-ecological change. This study took a knowledge-based systems approach to explore whether and how tree-based (i.e., agroforestry) options could contribute to meeting these adaptation needs. We analysed local agroecological knowledge of smallholders from the Mèknes–Tafilalet region, to (i) characterise existing farming systems at local landscape scale; (ii) identify possible niches for farm-trees within these systems; and (iii) explore locally perceived barriers to tree-based diversification. An iterative cycle of qualitative interviews, with a purposefully selected sample of 32 farmers, revealed that socio-economic constraints and agroecological conditions in the area differed markedly along a relatively short altitudinal gradient. Agroforestry practices were already integral to all farming systems. Yet, many were at risk of degradation, as water scarcity, low profitability of production systems and uncontrolled grazing constituted critical barriers to the maintenance and diversification of farm-trees. We demonstrate the discriminatory power of local knowledge, to characterise farming conditions at the local landscape scale; and unveil adoption barriers and options for tree-based diversification in northern Morocco.

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