GROUNDSTROKE TRAINING MODEL BASED ON SITUATION GAME FOR FIELD TENNIS ATHLETES AGED 12-14 YEARS

This study aims to create a game situation-based groundstroke forehand and groundstroke backhand training model for tennis athletes aged 12-14 years and improve forehand and backhand skills using a game situation-based groundstroke training model for athletes aged 12-14 years. The research method used is the Research & Development Research & Development (R&D) Borg and Gall method. Subjects studied were 15 people and were athletes aged 12-14 years. The results of the pre-test test obtained an average of 31.73. Then, the post-test obtained an average of 40.00. The exercise correlation coefficient before and after the exercise model was given was 0.946 with a p-value of 0.00 < 0.05, so the conclusion was significant. In the mean difference test with SPSS, the mean = 8.26667 shows the difference between the pre-test and post-test, the result of t-count = 26,183, df = 19 and p-value = 0.00<0.05, which means there is a significant difference between before and after being given game situation based groundstroke training model treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the game situation-based groundstroke training model for tennis athletes at the age of 12-14 years is effective and can improve the forehand groundstroke.

Effects of Game Situation-Dependent Emotions on Sport Spectators’ Food Craving

This study sought to challenge prevalent accounts of emotional eating by exploring the effects of situation-dependent emotions on consumers’ food craving. Four specific game situations in the context of spectator sports, each corresponding to the four types of emotional coping (outcome-desire conflict, avoidance, fulfillment, and pursuit), were identified as follows: decisive victories, decisive losses, close victories, and close losses. By employing laboratory-based virtual reality spectatorship, Study 1 tested the causal effects of happiness (fulfillment), anger (conflict), sadness (conflict), fear (avoidance), and hope (pursuit) on food craving. Study 2 further designed fans’ previous association between emotions and eating as a moderating mechanism in the context of online sport viewership. The results of the two experiments supported the three theoretical principles of eating behavior, including the “food as fuel” principle of anger, the hedonic eating principle of happiness, and the self-regulation principle of hope. However, the results rejected the escape awareness principle of sadness and fear. The study concludes with a discussion of context-dependent emotional positioning and intervention strategies for marketers and policy makers.

Selected Goal – Scoring Characteristics in the National Hockey League

Summary The variables impacting the efficiency of the offensive phase of the game in ice hockey may be determining factor for both the training process and game strategies. The research aimed to acquire and expand the knowledge about selected goal-scoring characteristics in the National Hockey League. A total of 511 even-strength goals were recorded in 129 randomly selected games in a regular-season 2020/2021 by indirect observation. Goals were differentiated by selected variable dimensions: location of the offensive team’s puck possession gain before scoring a goal, game situation preceding a goal, and the number of passes of the offensive team preceding a goal. Data were analyzed by performing a one–way ANOVA. Post hoc multiple comparisons were performed using the Tukey HSD test. The significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was used. Significant differences were found within all variable dimensions (p= 0.00001). In terms of the puck possession gain location, zone 1 (along the boards in the offensive zone) was the zone with the significantly highest mean score (p= 0.00305). Offensive zone play was significantly the game situation preceding most of the goals (p= 0.00000). The interval of the passes that preceded most of the recorded goals was the interval of 1 – 2 passes (p= 0.00000). Acquired results point out the dominance of particular variables and may help coaches to determine the content of the training process and game strategies. Based on the assumption of the realization of similar research in different environments in terms of the quality and age category, if the analogy would be found between the results of the present study and the results of potential studies, we can state the trends applicable to youth training.

Teaching tactics in tennis. A constraint-based approach proposal

The aim of this article is to provide a structure framed in constraint-based approach, which will help coaches to classify tactical exercises, and in turn, serve as a reference for the creation of new exercises depending on the objectives and the game situation they wish to develop. By way of example, a proposal is made for exercises for the serve situation, with the intention that these can serve as inspiration for coaches to create their own.

Associations between Testing and Game Performance in Ice Hockey: A Scoping Review

Background: Despite the exhaustive body of literature on the demands of ice hockey, less is known about the relationships between functional performance testing protocols (on ice and off ice) and performance in a game situation. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of these associations. Methods: This review aims to identify on- and off-ice testing currently used in the scientific literature and their possible transfer to game performance as well as identifying research gaps in this field. Results: The 17 selected studies showed that off-ice and on-ice fitness test results can be modestly transferred to the player’s selection as well as global and advanced performance indicators. Conclusion: This review of the literature reinforces the importance of strength and conditioning coaches administering previously validated fitness tests. Regarding the academic research, it is also proposed to use performance markers that are directly related to the players’ on-ice performance to represent more accurately the relationship between the players’ fitness level and their work output. Three research gaps were also identified in relation to targeted populations, choice of performance markers and data measurement methods.

Study on the Sharing Transportation Based on Game Theory

In order to solve the problems of mismatch between transportation resources and order volume in logistics transportation, we propose a cooperative pattern called sharing transportation to solve this problems. In this pattern, several logistics enterprises or alliances cooperate with each other and share transportation resources to achieve the goal of reducing costs and increasing income. In this paper, we set the application scene of sharing transportation to the section from the distribution center to the service outlets in the city. We first put forward the judgment function in the analysis model of cooperative pattern, and the possible cooperative pattern is divided into three kinds by constructing and solving the replication dynamic equation. Then we proposed the income allocation model by considering the functions of order quantity and overall income. Moreover, the proposed models are extended to the multi-agent game situation to realize the sharing transportation of multiple enterprises. Finally, we use the example simulation and sensitivity analysis to verify the rationality of the model. This paper provides a new idea for how to integrate the surplus resources to increase the profit in the process of logistics transportation.

Incidencia de la agrupación de los jugadores en el diseño de las tareas de entrenamiento en balonmano (Impact of players' grouping on the design of handball training tasks)

El ciclo de calidad de la intervención del entrenador implica conocer como es el proceso de planificación y su aplicación práctica, para posteriormente proceder a su análisis y evaluación. El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar el proceso de entrenamiento que realiza un equipo amateur masculino de balonmano y la relación que existe entre la variable Situación de Juego con en el resto de las variables que conforman el entrenamiento. Para ello, las situaciones de juego se agruparon en situaciones sin oposición, situaciones individuales, situaciones reducidas de igualdad numérica, situaciones reducidas de superioridad numérica y juego completo. Se analizaron un total de 141 tareas de entrenamientos y se codificaron a través del instrumento Sistema Integral para el Análisis de las Tareas de Entrenamiento. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las Variables Pedagógicas y de Carga Externa para posteriormente estudiar la relación entre estas variables con la variable independiente Situación de Juego. Para ello, se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas Chi2 para la relación de dependencia y V de Cramer para calcular el nivel de asociación a través de los Residuos Tipificados Corregidos. El análisis confirma que el entrenador emplea situaciones reducidas y se muestran diferencias en todas las variables analizadas en función del Tipo de Situación de Juego. Una mayor variedad en el empleo de las diferentes variables que definen una tarea facilita y fomenta el desarrollo pedagógico y físico del jugador del balonmano que repercute en el resultado final en competición. Abstract. The quality cycle of the coach's intervention implies knowing what the planning process and its implementation are like, in order to subsequently proceed to its analysis and evaluation. The purpose of this research was to describe the training process carried out by a male amateur handball team and how the Game Situation variable influences the rest of the variables that make up the training. To do this, the game situations were grouped into Unopposed Situations, Individual Situations, Small Sided Games of Numerical Equality, Small Sided Games of Numerical Superiority and Full Games. A total of 141 training tasks were analyzed and coded using the Integral Analysis System of Training Tasks. A descriptive analysis of the Pedagogical and External Load Variables was carried out to later study the relationship between these variables with the independent variable Game Situation. For this, the Chi2 statistical tests for the dependency relationship and Cramer's V were used to calculate the level of association through the Corrected Typified Residuals. The analysis confirms that the coach uses reduced situations and differences are shown in all the variables analyzed depending on the Type of Game Situation. A greater variety in the use of the different variables that define a task facilitates and encourages the pedagogical and physical development of the handball player, which affects the final result in competition.

The potential of sports and play activities in relation to the education of young adolescents in the desire for independence in general secondary education institutions

The article reveals the potential of sports and play activities for the education of young adolescents' desire for independence in general secondary education. The presentation of the main material is based on the results of a preliminary theoretical study of the essence of the concept of the desire of younger adolescents to independence in the process of sports and play activities. On the basis of certain criteria of upbringing in younger adolescents the desire for independence in the process of sports and games. In the process of physical education in general secondary education games are used as a means of physical culture and as a form of organization of classes. Sports games - a system of characteristic physical exercises, which are performed in different variants according to changing game situations and are evaluated for effectiveness the end result of motor actions. An important feature of sports games are complex collective actions aimed at achieving the planned result. Most types of sports games are team games, so success in competitions largely depends on the coherence of all participants in rapidly changing game situations. Complicating their interactions is the fact that during the game there is no predetermined sequence of game techniques and a constant rhythm. Depending on the game situation, there is a constant change in the emotional state of the player, in connection with which he must be able to control their emotions, actions, mental state in various unforeseen factors.

Distribution Service Competition with the Consideration of Different Consumer Behaviors

Logistics distribution plays an important role in the operation of e-commerce firms. This paper considers two logistics distribution modes with service competition: the e-commerce platform self-distribution (SDL) mode and third-party logistics (TPL) mode. By introducing consumer behavior into the model, we examine the competition between two firms with the same functionalities in the context of e-commerce. According to the real scene, we build the corresponding mathematical optimization model. Each firm needs to decide a logistics distribution mode and a corresponding price for the selected logistics mode. We first analyze the two firms chosen logistics modes and prices simultaneously and then extend it to Stackelberg game situation. We find out the optimal strategy for two firms. Finally, we propose numerical analysis to identify our models and provide a series of managerial insights.