The Relation between Sex-Role Adoption and Field Independence in Preschool Children

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Kloner ◽  
Susan Britain
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Role Adoption

Anxiety Correlates of Sex-Role Identity in College Students

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Cosentino ◽  
Alfred B. Heilbrun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
College Females ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
College Males ◽  
Sex Role Identity ◽  
Role Adoption ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

The relationships between sex-role adoption, aggression anxiety (AA), and manifest anxiety (MA) were determined by using questionnaire data from 85 college males and 156 college females. Significant negative rs were obtained between masculinity and both anxiety variables which, in turn, were positively correlated. The MF-AA findings were similar to those reported for 12-yr.-old children.

Sex Differences in Psychological Differentiation among Different Cultural Groups

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durganand Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
School Children ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Role Specialization

Prediction made regarding sex differences in psychological differentiation within the general framework of eco-cultural perspective that male-female stylistic differences would be minimal in nomadic groups and with sedentarization they would get consistent was tested in four cultural groups, viz., nomadic Birhors, transitional sedentary Birhors, agricultural Oraons, and sedentarized urban school children. Results indicated that sex differences in cognitive style did not occur consistently among less acculturated nomadic groups. Contrary to the prediction, male-female differences were small and insignificant among the transitional Birhors and agricultural Oraons. Urban boys were, however, significantly higher on field independence than girls. The findings are explained in terms of differences in nature of socialization and sex-role specialization in the groups studied.

Reinforcing contingencies for sex-role behaviors in preschool children

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd R McCandless ◽  
Carol Bush ◽  
Ayse Ilgaz Carden
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Behaviors

Field Independence as a Function of Sex, Sex-Roles, and the Sex-Role Appropriateness of the Task

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Balistreri ◽  
Nancy A. Busch-Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures

Two experiments were conducted to explain the sex difference in field independence by reference to socialization factors. It was hypothesized that the sex-role appropriateness of the task as masculine- or feminine-typed would influence the performance of masculine and feminine women in a manner congruent with their sex-role orientation. 28 pilot subjects and 100 subjects in Study 2 were equally divided between the sexes. Both studies used the Bern Sex-role Inventory, but different versions of the Embedded Figures Test. The over-all results suggested that feminine women varied their performance according to task appropriateness, although not always in a manner congruent with their sex-role orientation. Androgynous individuals and masculine men did not alter their performance.

Relationship of Role Identification, Self-Esteem, and Intelligence to Sex Differences in Field Independence

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Hulfish
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Perceptual Field ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Perceptual Style

The relationships among perceptual field independence, biological sex, sex-role identity, self-esteem, and intelligence were explored. Tests measuring these variables were administered to 50 male and 50 female volunteers. The results, obtained by standard multiple regression and analysis of covariance procedures, indicate that (a) males are significantly more field-independent than females, (b) regardless of biological sex, subjects with relatively masculine role-identities are more field-independent than subjects with relatively feminine role-identities, (c) self-esteem is not significantly related to perceptual style, and (d) although intelligence has a significant positive relationship to perceptual field independence, intelligence does not account for the sex differential or for the role sex-identification plays in perceptual style.

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