Anxiety Correlates of Sex-Role Identity in College Students

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Cosentino ◽  
Alfred B. Heilbrun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
College Females ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
College Males ◽  
Sex Role Identity ◽  
Role Adoption ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

The relationships between sex-role adoption, aggression anxiety (AA), and manifest anxiety (MA) were determined by using questionnaire data from 85 college males and 156 college females. Significant negative rs were obtained between masculinity and both anxiety variables which, in turn, were positively correlated. The MF-AA findings were similar to those reported for 12-yr.-old children.

Cross-Validation of Sex-Role Measures for Children with Correlation of Sex-Role Measures for Children and Parents

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-890
Author(s):  
Robert C. Newman ◽  
Richard E. Carney
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Role Preference ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Role Adoption

Second-grade children (21 boys, 14 girls) and both parents from intact, middle-class, at least second generation U.S. citizenship homes responded to measures of sex-role adoption, concepts, and preference. Classroom teachers rated children's sex-role adoption. Both adults and children had clear sex differences on means of measures of sex-role preference and adoption. Boys and girls showed close agreement as to the stereotypic sex-role concepts with little overlap between the distributions of concept scores characterizing boys and girls. Parents tended to adjust their preferences toward those more stereotypic for the sex of their child. The sex-role adoption by children tended to be positively correlated with the sex-role adoption by their mothers. Girls also had such correlations between their sex-role adoption and father's sex-role preference and stereotypic sex-role concepts.

Development and Standardization of Measures of Stereotypic Sex-Role Concepts and of Sex-Role Adoption in Adults

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Newman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Socioeconomic Class ◽  
Role Adoption ◽  
Q Sort

The Self-descriptive List, a measure of adult stereotypic sex-role concepts of masculinity, and the Rating Scale for Adults, a measure of sex-role adoption, were developed and standardized. The former has 12 items which were determined by a Q-sort procedure to be neutral on social desirability and either high or low on masculinity. The latter has 20 sex-typed, behavioral statements. Both instruments were administered twice to college students and their spouses. Subjects were Caucasian, second generation U. S. citizens of the middle socioeconomic class who were 18 yr. of age or older. Both instruments reliably differentiated between the sexes; furthermore, scores on scales were positively correlated.

Relationship among Differences in Fantasy Pattern, IQ, and Sex-Role Adoption

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ebrahim Fakouri
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Adoption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

This study investigated (a) the age at which boys and girls begin to show differences in patterns of fantasy, (b) the relationship between differences in these patterns and factors such as intelligence, manifest aspects of sex role (in forms of teachers' ratings of masculinity for boys and femininity for girls), and presence or absence of the father at home. The results suggest that from the age of 8 or 9 yr. on, a difference emerges between patterns of fantasy of boys and girls. Such patterns, intelligence, and teachers' ratings of masculinity were not related, whereas patterns of fantasy and teachers' ratings of femininity were related. These findings are interpreted as supporting the value of distinguishing between and sorting out the factors which influence the private and the public aspects of sex role.

Geschlechtsspezifische Ideale im Wandel der Zeit

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Ralf Swazina ◽  
Karin Waldherr ◽  
Kathrin Maier
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory

Zusammenfassung: Ausgehend von vorhandenen Hypothesen einer zeitlichen Veränderung der Sozialen Erwünschtheit der femininen und maskulinen Eigenschaften des Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974 ; Schneider-Düker, 1978 ) für Frauen und Männer wurden im Zuge einer ersten Datenerhebung insgesamt 90 Eigenschaften von 42 Studierenden der Universität Wien eingestuft. Für acht feminine und fünf maskuline Eigenschaften des BSRI wurde eine Abweichung zwischen den neu erhobenen Werten und jenen von 1978 festgestellt. Zusätzlich ergaben sich aus diesem und einem zweiten Datensatz für einige weitere Eigenschaften Hinweise eines zeitlichen Wandels der Sozialen Erwünschtheit. Diese wurden im Zuge einer zusätzlichen Datenerhebung überprüft, wobei jene 90 Eigenschaften nun von 314 StudentInnen eingestuft wurden. Die Ergebnisse der ersten Erhebung konnten bestätigt sowie für weitere sieben maskuline und vier feminine Eigenschaften ein Anstieg der Sozialen Erwünschtheit für das jeweils andere Geschlecht festgestellt werden. Die erfassten Unterschiede zu früheren Normen werden im Sinne einer veränderten Auffassung über weibliche und männliche Ideale in unserer Gesellschaft interpretiert.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

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