Don't Get Too Excited: Assessing Individual Differences in the Down-Regulation of Positive Emotions

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Zou ◽  
Jason E. Plaks ◽  
Jordan B. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Down Regulation

scholarly journals A Test of Resilience Theory in the Context of a Global Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C Willroth ◽  
Angela Moriah Smith ◽  
Dan Mroczek ◽  
Eileen Kranz Graham ◽  
amanda shallcross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Resilient Response

Major stressors often challenge emotional well-being—increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions. But how long do these emotional hits last? Prior theory and research contain conflicting views. Some research suggests that most individuals’ emotional well-being will return to, or even surpass, baseline levels relatively quickly. Others have challenged this view, arguing that this type of resilient response is uncommon. The present research provides a strong test of resilience theory by examining emotional trajectories over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two pre-registered longitudinal studies conducted in diverse U.S. samples (total N =1,147), we examined overall emotional trajectories and predictors of individual differences in emotional trajectories across 13 waves of data from February through September 2020. The pandemic had immediate detrimental effects on emotional well-being. Negative emotions decreased across six months, with the greatest improvements occurring almost immediately. Yet, positive emotions remained depleted relative to baseline levels, illustrating the limits of resilience. Individuals also differed substantially around these normative emotional trajectories and these individual differences were predicted by socio-demographic characteristics and stress exposure. We discuss three theoretical implications of the present investigation: (1) The extent to which resilience is normative depends on the outcome and the context. (2) Individual differences in resilience are large and complex, suggesting that broad claims that resilience is “ubiquitous” or “rare” may not be useful. (3) Resilience is multiply-determined and embedded within societal contexts that influence who experiences stress as well as who has access to resources to respond to stress.

scholarly journals LA PERSONALIDAD EFICAZ EN EL UNIVERSITARIO Y EL USO DEL BUEN HUMOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Bustamante ◽  
Carlos Salavera ◽  
José Luis Antoñanzas ◽  
Javier Chueca ◽  
José Carrón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Affective Variables ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The University ◽  
Bienestar Psicologico ◽  
Academic Demands

Abstract:THE EFFICIENT PERSONALITY IN THE UNIVERSITY AND THE USE OF GOOD HUMORIndividual differences in the construct Efficient Personality in undergraduates could determine differences in the proper handling of sociopersonal and socioaffective competencies when faced with academic demands, which may be associated both with differences in psychological wellbeing.Wellbeing is associated with the sense of humor that involves three different affective variables (cheerfulness, seriousness and bad mood). We aimed to determine whether individual differences in Efficient Personality are associated with differences in the disposition for using good humor. For this purpose 39 undergraduates (all the participant were women) completed the Efficient Personality Questionnaire for the university context (CPE -U) and the STCI-30 scale for the assessment of good humor. Bivariate correlation analyses were performed to determine a possible association between Efficient Personality components and the variables that modulate the good humor. The results showed positive correlations between the variable Cheerfulness and the factors Self-esteem, Academic Self-realization and Solving Efficiency, and between the variable Seriousness and the factor Solving Efficiency. Also, negative correlations between the variable Bad Mood and the factors Self-esteem and Solving Efficiency were observed. Therefore, individual differences in Efficient Personality in undergraduates are related with differences for experiencing or showing more positive emotions toward a greater willingness to good humor.Keywords: Efficient Personality, good humor, individual differences, self-efficacy, cheerfulnessResumen:Diferencias individuales en el constructo de Personalidad Eficaz en universitarios podrían evidenciar diferencias en el manejo adecuado de competencias personales y socioafectivas a la hora de enfrentarse a demandas académicas, que pueden asociarse a la vez con diferencias en la experimentación de estados relacionados con bienestar psicológico. Este bienestar se asocia con el sentido del humor que implica tres variables afectivas (alegría, seriedad y mal humor). Nuestro objetivo fue determinar si diferencias individuales en Personalidad Eficaz se asociaba con diferencias a la disposición al buen humor. Para ello 39 mujeres estudiantes universitarias rellenaron el Cuestionario de Personalidad Eficaz para el Contexto Universitario (CPE-U) y la escala para la evaluación del sentido del humor STCI-30. Análisis de correlación bivariada fueron llevados a cabo para determinar una posible asociación entre los componentes de Personalidad Eficaz y las variables que modulan el buen humor. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas entre la variable Alegría y los factores de la Personalidad Eficaz Autoestima, Autorrealización Académica y Autorrealización Resolutiva; y entre la variable Seriedad y Autorrealización Resolutiva. También se observaron correlaciones negativas entre la variable Mal Humor y los factores Autoestima y Autorrealización Resolutiva. Por tanto, diferencias individuales en estudiantes universitarios en factores que constituyen el constructo de Personalidad eficaz se relaciona con diferencias en los mismos a la hora de experimentar o mostrar estados afectivos más positivos acercándose y mostrando una mayor disposición al buen humor.Palabras clave: Personalidad Eficaz, buen humor, diferencias individuales, autoeficacia, alegría

Individual Differences in Cognitive Reappraisal Predict Emotional Experience Prior to Achievement Situations

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Balzarotti ◽  
Valentina Chiarella ◽  
Maria Rita Ciceri
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Time Points

Abstract. In the present study, we examined whether individual differences in the use of cognitive reappraisal predict the experience of more positive and less negative emotions prior to an evaluative task, as well as whether reappraisal is associated with better performance. In a longitudinal design, 130 students were asked to report their spontaneous use of reappraisal as well as the emotions experienced at three time points prior to an academic exam. Results showed that the use of cognitive reappraisal measured when students began to study predicted less negative and more positive emotions in the following two weeks. Further, positive and negative affect were significant predictors of the grade achieved. Finally, cognitive reappraisal had a significant indirect effect on the grade students achieved. These findings suggest that cognitive reappraisal can be effective in regulating emotions while approaching evaluative stressors.

Self-efficacy of resilience as actor in the process of resilience from a network perspective.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gimbrere
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Positive Correlations

In this research the function of self efficacy of resilience in the resiliency of individuals is examined using network analysis. Forty-eight participants participated and filled in a questionnaire three times a day for a period of two weeks. Next, a networkanalysis was succesfully performed although big individual differences were found. Individual networks were estimated as well as multi-level networks, made possible by the high response rate. Self efficacy of resilience showed positive correlations with positive emotions and showed negative correlations with negative emotions in multiple networks. These findings indicated self efficacy of resilience as a possible factor of resilience. Also it was concluded that networkanalysis is an analytical method with a high potential in psychological research.

scholarly journals Who likes whom? The interaction between perceiver personality and target look

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lönnqvist ◽  
Ville Juhani Ilmarinen ◽  
Markku Verkasalo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Portrait Photographs ◽  
Duchenne Smiles ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
Zero Acquaintance

We investigated determinants of liking at zero-acquaintance, focusing on individual differences in perceivers’ reactions to appearance cues. Perceivers (N = 385) viewed portrait photographs of Targets (N = 146). Perceiver’s Agreeableness and Extraversion were uniquely associated with liking targets. Targets who expressed positive emotions, looked relaxed, were physically attractive, and looked healthy and energetic, were the most liked. There were substantial individual differences in how Perceivers were influenced by appearance cues. For instance, Perceivers generally rated targets who displayed non-Duchenne (fake) smiles less favorably than targets who did not smile or targets who displayed Duchenne (authentic) smiles. However, non-Duchenne smiles elicited especially negative ratings from Perceivers high in Neuroticism or Conscientiousness, but not from Perceivers low in Agreeableness.

Curiosity and Interest

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Silvia ◽  
Todd B. Kashdan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being

Recent years have seen renewed attention to curiosity and interest―recognizing, seeking out, and preferring things that are outside of one’s normal experience. In this chapter, we explore curiosity, where it fits in the larger scheme of positive emotions, how individual differences are assessed, the advantages of being curious in social relationships, links between curiosity and elements of well-being, and how it has been used in interventions to improve people’s quality of life. Our review emphasizes findings that show how curiosity operates in the laboratory and everyday life, and how, under certain conditions, curiosity can be a profound source of strength, or a liability. People who are regularly curious and willing to embrace the novelty, uncertainty, and challenges that are inevitable in everyday life have an advantage in creating a fulfilling existence compared with their less curious peers. Our review is designed to bring further attention to this underappreciated human universal.

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