The Relationship of Dogmatism, Religious Affiliation, and Moral Judgment Development

1981 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel S. Wahrman
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore N Greenstein

*This paper uses materials from the World Values Survey and the EuropeanValues Study from 2006-2014 to study the relationship of gender and maritalstatus to life satisfaction. In an analysis of 103,217 respondents from 81nations I find that while there do not seem to be main effects of gender onlife satisfaction – that is, women are no more or less satisfied with theirlives than are men -- gender moderates the effects of geographical region,age, employment status, education, religious affiliation, and attendance ofreligious services on life satisfaction. In particular, there aresubstantial differences in the effects of marital status on lifesatisfaction by gender. The gender differences in most effects are sosubstantial that I argue that it makes no sense to analyze lifesatisfaction data without performing separate analyses by gender. *


1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nona Plessner Lyons

Nona Plessner Lyons offers interview data from female and male children, adolescents,and adults in support of the assertions of Carol Gilligan (HER, 1977) that there are two distinct modes of describing the self in relation to others—separate/objective and connected—as well as two kinds of considerations used by individuals in making moral decisions—justice and care. She then describes a methodology, developed from the data, for systematically and reliably identifying these modes of self-definition and moral judgment through the use of two coding schemes. Finally, an empirical study testing Gilligan's hypotheses of the relationship of gender to self-definition and moral judgment is presented with implications of this work for psychological theory and practice.


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Ryo Oda

One evolutionary theory of morality, examined here, is based on theories of kin selection while another has proposed that moral judgment is based on a Kantian rule-based system. Using the Trolley Problem, Kurzban et al. (2012) asked subjects to decide whether they would kill one person to save five others, varying the relationship of the subject with the others involved. They revealed that nearly half of the subjects reported that they would be unwilling to push one stranger to his/her death to save five brothers in a footbridge version of the Trolley Problem. In the present study, I tried to replicate this somewhat surprising result in Japanese participants, to investigate the robustness of the finding. I also examined how participants anticipated and favored the moral judgment of other people. If a Kantian decision was made according to the coordination system suggested by Kurzban et al. (2012), a Kantian decision, rather than a Hamiltonian decision, would be anticipated and favored as the decision of people generally. The results seem to support the discussion of Kurzban et al. (2012), that the computational system that delivers Kantian moral judgment functions to coordinate condemnation decisions.


1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcia Narváez

Research exploring the relationship of intellectual aptitude to moral judgment has indicated that, as a group, those with a high intellectual aptitude score significantly above their age peers on measures of moral judgment. These data support the contention that intelligence is a “general factor” that cuts across domains. Some theorists have advocated an alternative view, that intelligence is domain specific. In looking at high achievers, the current study offers support for both views by reporting data that indicate a dependence of moral judgment precocity upon high intellectual achievement. As a group, the high achieving students scored higher on the Defining Issues Test's Principled score. However, there was a wide variation in scores among the high achievers, indicating that apparent intellectual aptitude was not enough for high scores in moral judgment. This variance, along with the fact that no low achiever received an unusually high score, supports the “independent domains” hypothesis of intelligence.


1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-425
Author(s):  
George Catsiapis ◽  
Robert P. Vecchio

In a study of predictors of tuition expenditures on postsecondary education, the role of individual differences in religious affiliation was examined with a national sample of 3,615 individuals. Based on past findings, it was hypothesized that religious affiliation may serve as a moderator of the relationship of tuition expenditures with (a) parental income and (b) prior educational involvement (i.e., type of high school attended). Analysis indicated that religious affiliation may interact with prior educational involvement and so partially account for tuition expenditures.


2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (108) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Olga Sodré

Partindo da perspectiva de Alteridade já implícita nos Evangelhos, este artigo mostra que tal conceito assume contornos mais nítidos em nossa época, e vem sendo repensada por alguns teólogos contemporâneos, descortinando um novo horizonte para a reflexão sobre o pluralismo e o diálogo inter-religioso. A partir desta reflexão, diferencia a visão de pluralidade no reconhecimento da alteridade de outras perspectivas de unidade e pluralidade baseadas apenas na identidade, e faz uma ponte entre a reflexão teológica da Alteridade e as propostas atuais de um diálogo social mais amplo entre as pessoas de diferentes tendências religiosas e materialistas, convivendo num mesmo espaço político. Ressalta que a perspectiva cristã da Alteridade é ancorada não apenas na relação com o próximo, mas também na relação com a Alteridade divina, expressa no Mistério de um Deus Uno e Trino e na misteriosa relação de um Filho Único com seus irmãos. A partir desta concepção teológica da Alteridade, focaliza o atual convívio humano na multiplicidade de línguas, culturas e religiões na perspectiva de um novo Pentecostes. Este nos abre para a compreensão da relação entre o Único e o múltiplo, e para a possibilidade de uma era pós-secular pacífica.ABSTRACT: Taking alterity’s (otherness) perspective already implicit in the Gospels, this article shows that this concept assumes a more explicit forms in our times, and some contemporary theologians have been thinking about it, opening new horizons to reflect on pluralism and inter-religious dialogue. This reflection differentiates the vision of plurality in recognizing alterity from other perspectives of unity and plurality based on identity, and it builds a bridge between theological reflections on alterity and current proposals of a broader social dialogue between people of different religious affiliation and materialists, living together in the same political space. It emphasizes that the Christian perspective on alterity is anchored not only on the relationship with the neighbor but also in the relationship with the divine alterity, expressed in the mystery of the triune and monotheistic God and the mysterious relationship of a unique Son with his brothers. From this theological conception of alterity it focuses on the current human living in the multiplicity of languages, cultures, and religions in the view of a new Pentecost. It leads us to understand the relationship between the unique and the multiple, and the possibility of a pacific pos-secular new era.


1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Kalliopuska ◽  
Liisa Mustakallio

The relationship of moral judgments, behaviour at school, and helping behaviour was studied by testing 215 children, aged 9 to 10 (3rd graders) and 11 to 12 (5th graders), as subjects. Behaviour at school was measured on the basis of conduct grades and appraisals of good and poor behaviour administered by teachers. Helping behaviour was measured by peer ratings while moral judgments were measured by Kohlberg's test. The concept of a positive relationship between moral judgments and school behaviour was strengthened in groups according to sex and grade. Girls in Grade 5 were an exception. Apparently prepuberty emphasized such facets of the girls' behaviour as lack of responsibility, disinterest in cooperation, unfriendliness, and opposition. The lower the level of moral judgments the more conduct problems may occur.


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