Factors Affecting Financial Literacy In The Use Of Financial Institutions Products and Services

This study aimed to determine the effect of gender, parental income, and area of origin on financial literacy in the simultaneous and partial use of financial ins titution products and services among active students in the fifth semester of the Faculty of Economics and Business Warmadewa University. The results showed that gender, parents' income, and area of origin had a significant positive effect on financial literacy in the use of products and services of financial institutions. Then partially, gender has a significant positive effect on financial literacy in the use of products and services of financial institutions, while the income of parents and area of origin has no effect on financial literacy in the use of products and services of financial institutions.

LITERASI KEUANGAN, GAYA HIDUP, LOCUS OF CONTROL, DAN PARENTAL INCOME TERHADAP PERILAKU KEUANGAN MAHASISWA

Financial attitude is an important matter for all young people, especially a student, in order to avoid all strange financial problems. Especially in this pandemic period it must be good at managing its finances appropriately so as not to experience waste. This study aims to explain financial literacy, lifestyle, locus of control, and parental income on student financial behavior in Central Java. The population in this study are students of Central Java province which numbered 400 respondents with the formula slovin. Purposive sampling technique by determining sample criteria. This research uses quantitative data obtained from questionnaire google form. Data were analyzed through multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results explain that financial literacy, lifestyle, locus of control, and parental income have a significant influence in student financial behavior in Central Java province. Keywords: Lifestyle, Financial Behavior, Financial Literacy, Locus of Control, Parental Income.

Determinan Pernikahan Dini pada Remaja Putri

Early marriage still occurs due to various factors. This study aims to analyze and identify the factors that influence marriage in young women. This research method uses an analytical survey with a casecontrol design. The population in this study was 169 young women. The sample in this study was 64 young women according to the inclusion criteria. Data analysis in this study used the Chi-Square statistical test. The results of the study using Chi-Square showed that education (0.001) < (0.05), parental income (0.008) < (0.05), pregnancy out of wedlock (0.000) < (0.05). The conclusion is that there is a significant effect of education level, parental income, and pregnancy outside of marriage on early marriage in adolescent girls.

Re-Emerging Inequality: Narrow Economic Gaps between Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Offspring Widen Over the Life Course

Scholarship investigating economic disparities between immigrants and non- immigrants posits that immigrants’ income disadvantages decline over time and across generations, but life course approaches contend that inequalities between groups widen as individuals age. Using data from the NLSY 1997, I show that the relative economic positions of children of Latino immigrants shift over the life course when compared to children of White and Black non-immigrants. Average family income among children of Latino immigrants resembles that of the children of White non-immigrants at age 25. But children of White non-immigrants experience faster income growth as they age, tending to outrank the children of Latino immigrants by the early thirties. Accounting for intergenerational legacies of disadvantage shows that children of Latino immigrants initially outrank the children of White non-immigrants from similar economic backgrounds – an “intergenerational premium” – but this intergenerational premium erodes with age. Contra the segmented assimilation hypothesis, children of Latino immigrants maintain favorable positions relative to children of Black non-immigrants regardless of parental income. These findings suggest that the temporal patterns of economic convergence between immigrants and non-immigrants are not linear. Though intergenerational progress is substantial, the life course is a critical period through which inequalities can be made anew.

Pengaruh Pendapatan Orang Tua terhadap Status Gizi Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has occurred since the end of 2019, which impacts parents' income and the fulfilment of children's nutrition. This study aims to determine the effect of parental income on the nutritional status of children aged 4-5 years in Koja District, North Jakarta, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method uses quantitative research with a population consisting of children aged 4-5 years in Koja District, North Jakarta. Sampling using random sampling technique, so that the respondents of this study amounted to 77 respondents. Data analysis used linear regression of 2 variables. Estimation of validity and reliability was carried out to determine the quality of the questions. The results showed that there was an effect of parental income during the COVID-19 pandemic on the nutritional status of children aged 4-5 years in Koja District, North Jakarta, with a significance value of 0.000 which was smaller than 0.05 and based on the significance test with the t-value formula, the result was 5.359 greater than t-table of 1.995. The coefficient value of the two variables shows a value of 0.277 or 27.7% of parental income affecting the nutritional status of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The declining income of parents in the Koja Subdistrict, North Jakarta, during the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the availability of food and the fulfilment of balanced nutrition for children every day, which impacts the nutritional status of children. This research contributes to the understanding that policymakers, in particular, need to pay serious attention to the development of children's nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCEPTUAL PAPER: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENT INCOME AND LEVEL OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES UNIVERSITY

Parental income is one of the factors that can influence a person's financial literacy. This is because one of the sources of income for students to live their lives is through financial resources from parents. Therefore, the finances obtained will determine how a person can manage their expenses. In addition, the reduction in parental income due to the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced students income. Despite the reduction in income among parents, students still spend beyond their capacity and are unable to manage their finances properly. This is because low levels of financial literacy cause a person to be unable to manage his finances properly. Good financial management can help student undergraduates to avoid financial stress and other financial difficulties. Realising the issues and importance of financial literacy in life, there is research done to identify the relationship between parental income and financial literacy. But the results obtained by previous researchers are mixed. Therefore, the study focused on introducing a framework of concepts related to the relationship between parental income and the financial literacy of students and students.

Achievement Gaps by Parental Income and Education

Socioeconomic achievement gaps measure the disparity in test scores between students from high and low socioeconomic backgrounds, commonly measured as a combination of parental income, education and occupation. However, educational data often limits the ability to create such measures of family background and link them to student test scores, leading researchers to arrive at different conclusions about levels and trends depending on the SES measure and estimation method. In this paper we disentangle the importance of each by using register data from Norway with precise measures of parental income and education. We show that results crucially depend on the SES measure, as parental income and education are not interchangeable measures of socioeconomic background. Achievement gaps by parental income in Norway are large, 0.55-0.93 standard deviations, and have increased by about 10% of a standard deviation over the 11-year time period we study, whereas achievement gaps by parental education are even larger, 0.86-1.15 standard deviations, but remain stable over the same period. Accounting for compositional changes in immigration decreases the magnitude of the gaps, whether measured by parental income or education, while trends remain the same.

Estimating intergenerational income mobility on sub-optimal data: a machine learning approach

Much of the global evidence on intergenerational income mobility is based on sub-optimal data. In particular, two-stage techniques are widely used to impute parental incomes for analyses of lower-income countries and for estimating long-run trends across multiple generations and historical periods. We propose applying machine learning methods to improve the reliability and comparability of such estimates. Supervised learning algorithms minimize the out-of-sample prediction error in the parental income imputation and provide an objective criterion for choosing across different specifications of the first-stage equation. We use our approach on data from the United States and South Africa to show that under common conditions it can limit the bias generally associated to mobility estimates based on imputed parental income.

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition

Digit ratio – a putative measure of prenatal sex steroids – may be related to body mass index (BMI). However, reports of correlations between 2D:4D and BMI have yielded mixed results with some studies showing no relationship while others have reported positive associations in men or women only. This study considers associations between self-reported 2D:4D and BMI in a large online survey (i.e. the BBC Internet Study). At the individual level, there was a weak positive association between 2D:4D and BMI in both sexes with greater effect sizes in women. Body mass index was positively related to age and negatively related to parental income; however, the relationship between 2D:4D and BMI was independent of both variables. At the national level, mean 2D:4D per country showed positive associations with mean national BMI but those correlations were restricted to females. It is concluded that BMI is positively related to low prenatal testosterone and high prenatal oestrogen. Parental income inequality may influence both prenatal sex steroids (through a ‘Trivers–Willard’ effect) and BMI such that increases in inequality result in reductions in prenatal testosterone and increases in BMI at the individual and national level.