Need to Belong, Not Rejection Sensitivity, Moderates Cortisol Response, Self-Reported Stress, and Negative Affect Following Social Exclusion

The research was conducted to investigate the dynamics between emotional management skills, perceived social competence, friendship quality, social exclusion, and need to belong in adolescents. Previous studies emphasize the importance of competencies in adolescents related to emotional management skills in social and academic life as well as in the family. In this context, emotional management skills gain an importance as a feature that can help adolescents become a member of a group and meet the need to belong by positively changing the perception of the social competence of the individual, increasing social harmony, and developing meaningful and supportive friendships. Research data was obtained by applying "Emotions Management Skills Scale", "Perceived Social Competence Scale", "Friendship Quality Scale", "Social Exclusion Scale", "Need to Belong Scale" and "Personal Information Form" on 431 students (195 male, 236 female) in 9th, 10th, and 11th Grades in Kadıköy district, Istanbul province. Significant differences were found in friendship quality, perceived social competence, and emotions management with respect to gender. In addition, differences were found in investigated characteristics with respect to age, grade, academic achievement, family dynamics and, a negative relationship was found between social exclusion and emotions management skills, perceived social competence, and friendship quality.

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Exploring a pathway to radicalization: The effects of social exclusion and rejection sensitivity

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations ◽

10.1177/1368430220917215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1204-1229

Author(s):

Emma A. Renström ◽

Hanna Bäck ◽

Holly M. Knapton

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Rejection Sensitivity ◽

Real Life ◽

Loss Model ◽

Individual Level ◽

Main Effect

This article aims to explore if social exclusion can constitute a pathway to radicalization, and if individual level of sensitivity of rejection moderates the effect of social exclusion. Humans innately seek belonging and meaning, and strive for re-establishing a sense of value and belongingness if faced with social exclusion. One way to achieve this is by adherence to a new and inviting group. In four studies, we test to what extent individuals who face social exclusion adapt to a radical including group. In Studies 1 ( n = 104) and 2 ( n = 308), we use a social media-like paradigm to manipulate social exclusion. In Study 3 ( n = 1041), we use the so-called Cyberball paradigm, and in Study 4 ( n = 40) we use a real-life manipulation. All studies show that rejected individuals who are sensitive to rejection are more prone to identify with, engage with and endorse an extreme group. The results hold over both ideological (Studies 1–3) and non-ideological (Study 4) content. Only the last study showed a main effect of social exclusion. We discuss the results in reference to the significance loss model of radicalization.

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Selective suppression of rapid eye movement sleep increases next-day negative affect and amygdala responses to social exclusion

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74169-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert W. Glosemeyer ◽

Susanne Diekelmann ◽

Werner Cassel ◽

Karl Kesper ◽

Ulrich Koehler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Well Being ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Future Research ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Neural Underpinnings

Abstract Healthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, cognitive reappraisal (CRA) of emotions, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that, on the morning following sleep suppression, REMS increases general negative affect, enhances amygdala responses and alters its functional connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex during passively experienced experimental social exclusion. However, we did not find effects of REMS on subjective emotional ratings in response to social exclusion, their regulation using CRA, nor on functional amygdala connectivity while participants employed CRA. Our study supports the notion that REM sleep is important for affective processes, but emphasizes the need for future research to systematically investigate how REMS impacts different domains of affective experience and their neural correlates, in both healthy and (sub-)clinical populations.

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How intragroup dynamics affect behavior in intergroup conflict: The role of group norms, prototypicality, and need to belong

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations ◽

10.1177/1368430210375702 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 779-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Wolfgang Steinel ◽

Gerben A. Van Kleef ◽

Daan Van Knippenberg ◽

Michael A. Hogg ◽

Astrid C. Homan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion ◽

Intergroup Conflict ◽

Group Norms ◽

Need To Belong ◽

Group Norm ◽

Computer Mediated ◽

Self Interest ◽

Influence Behavior

This study explores the role of intragroup dynamics in intergroup conflict. In a computer-mediated negotiation experiment (N = 107), we investigated how a group representative’s standing in the group, group norm, and the representative’s need to belong influence behavior in intergroup negotiations. We hypothesized that the extent to which peripheral representatives adhere to group norms is contingent on their need to belong, whereas prototypical representatives behave in norm-congruent ways regardless of their need to belong. In support of this idea, results showed that prototypicals behaved more cooperatively when the group norm prescribed cooperation rather than competition. By contrast, peripherals only adhered to the group norm when they had a high need to belong. These findings suggest that peripherals only represent the interests of their group when doing so furthers their self-interest. We discuss implications for theorizing about prototypicality, social exclusion, and conformity to group norms.

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Early Temperament, Cortisol and Vagal Regulation Independently Predict Dimensions of Social Withdrawal in Childhood

10.31234/osf.io/8j4c2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Geneviève Morneau-Vaillancourt ◽

Isabelle Ouellet-Morin ◽

Sandra Pouliot ◽

Natalia Poliakova ◽

Lysandre Provost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Twin Study ◽

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Social Withdrawal ◽

Cortisol Response ◽

Grade School

Objectives were to examine whether 1) temperament and cortisol response in situations of unfamiliarity at 19 months predict social wariness and preference for solitude throughout childhood; 2) these predictive associations vary as a function of vagal regulation. Participants were 1199 children from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study, followed from 5 months to 10 years old (51% girl; 86% White). Findings show that behavioral inhibition to social unfamiliarity independently predicted both dimensions of social withdrawal in preschool. Low vagal suppression exacerbated the risk associated with negative affect manifested in unfamiliar situations to predict preference for solitude in preschool. In contrast, high vagal suppression increased the risk associated with strong cortisol response to unfamiliarity to predict social wariness in grade school.

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Selective REM-Sleep Suppression Increases Next-Day Negative Affect and Amygdala Responses to Social Exclusion

10.1101/2020.06.15.148759 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robert W Glosemeyer ◽

Susanne Diekelmann ◽

Werner Cassel ◽

Karl Kesper ◽

Ulrich Koehler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Well Being ◽

Neural Systems ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Amygdala Activity ◽

Neural Underpinnings

AbstractHealthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, emotion regulation, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that REMS increases amygdala responses to experimental social exclusion, as well as negative affect on the morning following sleep deprivation. There was no evidence that emotional responses to experimentally induced social exclusion or their regulation using cognitive reappraisal were impacted by diminished REM sleep. Our findings indicate that general affect and amygdala activity depend on REM sleep, while specific emotional experiences possibly rely on additional psychological processes and neural systems that are less readily influenced by REMS.

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When social exclusion is mandated: COVID-19, social distancing, gender and psychological needs

10.31234/osf.io/u362n ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Verena Graupmann ◽

Michaela Pfundmair

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Baseline Condition ◽

Need To Belong ◽

Need Fulfillment ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Psychological Challenge

In light of evidence from ostracism research, social distancing to limit the spread of COVID-19 poses a unique psychological challenge. In a German (N=546) and a US (N=199) sample, we examined how different degrees of social distancing impact outcomes related to social exclusion, measuring self-related needs: self-esteem, belonging, control, and meaning. Across both samples social distancing was associated with decreased need fulfillment. German participants reported higher need fulfillment compared to American participants. In comparison to previous studies, self-related needs associated with social distancing were less impacted than under experimental manipulations of social exclusion, however more so than under the baseline condition of inclusion. Working while social distancing was associated with greater need fulfillment, as was identifying as male. Women reported lower need fulfillment in both samples and this difference was mediated by need to belong. Results are discussed in terms of understanding self-related needs in different contexts of exclusion.

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