Meta-Ethics Naturalized

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
First Order ◽  
Current Climate ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Way

Meta-ethics without normative ethics is empty. In the current climate this hardly needs emphasis: since 1960 or so philosophers in the English-speaking world have put away their earlier reluctance to think about substantive moral issues. For a while, in fact, it seemed that normative ethics would completely dominate the scene in the way metaethics once did, but, happily, this situation has begun to change with the appearance of a stimulating and illuminating body of work on the rational basis of morality. Even those philosophers most intent on solving first-order moral problems have begun to realize that, in the last analysis, normative ethics without meta-ethics is blind.

scholarly journals Ethical Theories as Methods of Ethics

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-269
Author(s):  
Jussi Suikkanen
Keyword(s):  
Theory Choice ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Moral Inquiry ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
First Order ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

This chapter presents a new argument for thinking of traditional ethical theories not as criteria of rightness and wrongness, but rather as methods that can be used in first-order moral inquiry. It begins from outlining how ethical theories such as consequentialism and contractualism are flexible frameworks in which different versions of these theories can be formulated to correspond to different first-order ethical views. This chapter then argues that, as a result, the traditional ethical theories cannot be evaluated in terms of their truth or correctness. Instead, it suggests that these theories should be understood as providing different kinds of ways of thinking about difficult moral problems. Finally, the chapter recommends a certain kind of an attitude of pragmatic pluralism as something that should guide our theory choice in normative ethics—it may well be that different moral problems are better approached through different ethical theories.

scholarly journals Penalaran Moral Menurut Gender dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Mutiara Nurmanita
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Moral Meaning ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Society Research ◽  
The Way

Permasalahan moral yang sering terjadi dikalangan peserta didik disebabkan kurangnya pemahaman tentang makna moral itu sendiri sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi moral dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang moral peserta didik, cara menganalisis dalam memecahkan setiap masalah yang menyimpang dari moral yang baik, dan cara peserta didik beperilaku sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang baik di dalam masyarakat. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari kajian literatur dari berbagai sumber baik indonesia maupun asing. Setelah data dikumpulkan maka dianalisis dan dikolaborasi dengan hasil penelitian asing untuk dijadikan kesimpulan dari artikel ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak peserta didik yang belum mengerti dan memahami konsep serta makna moral yang sebenarnya dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang moral yang baik. Selain itu, peserta didik belum bisa membedakan moral yang baik dan buruk dikarenakan perbedaan gender dari peserta didik dikarenakan proses penalaran yang berbeda. Selanjutnya peserta didik belum mampu mengambil langkah atau solusi dari setiap permasalahan moral yang terjadi. Untuk itu, pentingnya dalam memberikan wawasan kepada peserta didik tentang moral yang baik dan sesuai dengan kaidah masyarakat. Dengan demikian, guna mengatasi persoalan tersebut, maka pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan dapat diupayakan untuk menganalisis penalaran seseorang dalam berperilaku jika dilihat dari gender.The moral issues that often occur among learners are due to lack of understanding of the moral meaning itself that causes moral degradation in the learning of citizenship education. The study aims to provide an understanding of learners moral, how to analyze in solving every problem that deviates from good morals, and the way learners conduct appropriate values in the society. Research using qualitative method by collecting data from literature study from various sources both Indonesian and foreign. Once data is collected, it is analyzed and collaborate with the results of foreign research to be the conclusion of this article. The results show that there are still many learners who do not understand and understand the concept and moral meaning in fact due to lack of knowledge about good moral. In addition, learners are not able to distinguish good and bad morals due to gender differences from learners due to different reasoning processes. Furthermore learners have not been able to take steps or solutions of any moral problems that occur. Therefore, it is important to give learners insight into good moral and in accordance with the rules of society. Thus, in order to overcome these problems, the learning of citizenship education can be sought to analyse the reasoning of one behaviour when viewed from gender.

Is legal English “going European”? The case of the simple present

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
Legal Systems ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
World Today ◽  
Legal Writing ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Way ◽  
English I

AbstractIn many countries in continental Europe the simple present is extensively used in main clauses in legislative texts to express obligation. Several English-speaking legal systems have witnessed an increased usage of the simple present in legal English over the last few decades, largely at the expense of shall. I examine the continuing debate among law scholars and writers of legal drafting manuals over the adoption of the simple present in prescriptive texts in English. I conclude by observing that the decision in some countries to do away with shall would appear to be linked principally to socio-pragmatic factors relating to the way this modal auxiliary is perceived in many parts of the English-speaking world today, that is, as being outdated and smacking of “legalese”, a style of legal writing that plain language exponents have been trying to eliminate.

T. S. Eliot, anti-Semitism, and Hebrew translation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-267
Author(s):  
Rachel Weissbrod
Keyword(s):  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Foreign Author ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Target Culture ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

T. S. Eliot’s early poems, as well as his letters and prose, contain expressions of anti-Semitism. This article deals with the way in which Hebrew translators and others involved in the production of translations, such as scholars contributing introductions, have treated this issue. Based on the premise that the image of a foreign author can be manipulated by the very selection of the texts to be translated, as well as by paratexts such as introductions and footnotes, it examines how Eliot has been presented to the Hebrew readership. Three approaches of presenting Eliot are described. The examination of these approaches leads to the conclusion that Eliot’s expressions of anti-Semitism did not significantly interfere with the construction of his image in the target culture despite the antagonism expressed by some translators and critics. Finally, the paper attempts to explain this indifference, which is particularly striking when compared to the ongoing debate about Eliot’s anti-Semitism in the English-speaking world.

scholarly journals Dr. Schaff and the Episcopal Church

1894 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
C. C. Tiffany
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
Episcopal Church ◽  
National Conference ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Way ◽  
Public Worship

Concerning the Episcopal Church Dr. Schaff writes as follows, in his “Paper on the Reunion of Christendom,” prepared for the Parliament of Religions and the National Conference of the Evangelical Alliance, held in Chicago September and October, 1893:“The Episcopal Church of England, the most churchly of the Reformed family, is a glorious Church, for she gave to the English-speaking world the best version of the Holy Scriptures and the best Prayer Book; she preserved the order and dignity of the ministry and public worship; she nursed the knowledge and love of antiquity, and enriched the treasury of Christian literature; and by the Anglo-Catholic Revival under the moral, intellectual, and poetic leadership of these shining lights of Oxford, Pusey, Newman, and Keble, she infused new life into her institutions and customs, and prepared the way for a better understanding between Anglicanism and Romanism.”

Jurisprudence as Practical Philosophy

Legal Theory ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Postema
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Strong Version ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Way

Nowhere has H.L.A. Hart's influence on philosophical jurisprudence in the English-speaking world been greater than in the way its fundamental project and method are conceived by its practitioners. Disagreements abound, of course. Philosophers debate the extent to which jurisprudence can or should proceed without appeal to moral or other values. They disagree about which participant perspective—that of the judge, lawyer, citizen, or “bad man”—is primary and about what taking up the participant perspective commits the theorist to. However, virtually unchallenged is the view that jurisprudence is fundamentally interpretive or “hermeneutic”; that it takes for its subject a certain kind of social practice, constituted by the behavior and understandings of its participants; that its task is to explain this practice and its relations to other important social practices; and that it can properly be explained only by taking full account of participant understandings. It is, perhaps, some measure of the hegemony of Hart's influence that Ronald Dworkin mounts his fundamental challenge to Hart's positivism squarely from within this jurisprudential orthodoxy. Dworkin may have exceeded the limits of the method as Hart conceived it, but, as Stephen Perry has argued, “the seeds of Dworkin's strong version of inter-pretivism were sown by Hart himself.”

The Novella in Arabic: a Study in Fictional Genres

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Allen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Short Story ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Novel ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Before broaching the main topic of this study, there seem to me to be two general issues involving terms in the title which need to be addressed: The one concerns nomenclature, the other the question of genres. A certain vagueness colors most attempts at definition of the term “novella,” something which seems the result of both the way in which the term has developed and the considerable differences of opinion among critics. Thus theOxford English Dictionaryseems to reflect the relatively recent interest in the genre in the English-speaking world by not including the word at all in the main part of the dictionary and by defining it in the Supplement as “a short novel (as in the stories of Boccaccio'sDecameron).” As Howard Nemerov points out, however, “the term ‘short novel’ is descriptive only in the way that the term ‘Middle Ages’ is descriptive—that is, not at all, except with regard to the territory on either side.” The index to the English translation of Todorov'sPoetics of Prose lists: Novella, see Tale. Such entries as these do at least convey to us the notion that the novella operates somewhere along a fictional spectrum, the two poles of which are the novel and the short story, but that is all.

John Lloyd Ackrill 1921–2007

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Judson
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
De Interpretatione ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The University ◽  
Paul Grice ◽  
The Way

John Lloyd Ackrill (1921–2007), a Fellow of the British Academy, had a powerful and far-reaching influence on the way ancient philosophy is done in the English-speaking world and beyond. In his first article, he interpreted Plato's claim at Sophist 259e, in the process confronting what would have been at the time the authoritative interpretation, that of W. D. Ross. Ackrill was born in Reading to Frederick William Ackrill and Jessie Anne Ackrill. He was educated at Reading School and at St John's College in the University of Oxford; his philosophy tutors at St John's were Paul Grice and John Mabbott. Ackrill's first book was Aristotle's Categories and De Interpretatione. He also published a pair of seminal articles on Plato's Sophist. Perhaps the most important aspect of Ackrill's enduring influence was his editorship of the Clarendon Aristotle Series.

The Minutes and Papers of the Westminster Assembly

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-816
Author(s):  
TIM COOPER
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Way ◽  
Westminster Assembly

In writing this review I am in no small danger of running short of superlatives. To put it simply, this is a sublime scholarly achievement. Knowing the intense labour and demanding exactitude of a project like this, I am very impressed. It is difficult to conceive how Chad van Dixhoorn could have done a better job of putting these minutes and papers at the service of the scholarly community. He had help along the way, to be sure, and the skilful guidance of David F. Wright and John Morrill, but one quickly gets the sense that this is the fruit of his singular vision. If we count his years as a Cambridge PhD student, van Dixhoorn has worked full-time on the Westminster Assembly for longer than it existed in the first place. I recall being told that he had calculated (I think with tape measure in hand) that, yes, all the members of the assembly could squeeze into the smallish Jerusalem Chamber in which they met; he had even taken a shrewd guess, based on the voting records, as to which groups of divines sat next to whom, and where. He once had a dream, he tells us, in which one of the Scottish commissioners to the assembly, Samuel Rutherford, offered to help interpret the nearly impenetrable handwriting of the assembly's main scribe, Adoniram Byfield. It is as good an indication as any of the all-consuming nature of van Dixhoorn's task. Perhaps we should add here a note of thanks not just to him (and his assistants) but to his wife and children as well. For this set represents a generous gift to scholars of the seventeenth century and to all those interested in the development of Reformed Protestantism in the English–speaking world and beyond.

scholarly journals Changing with the Times: The Evolution of Plain Language in the Legal Sphere

2015 ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Times ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Way

As is well known, the Plain language movement has been influential in a number of areas of public life over the last few decades. Within the legal sphere it has raised general awareness concerning the need to make legal matters and legal documents more comprehensible and accessible to non-experts, particularly in today’s digitalized world where information is freely available to the general public. In this paper my aim is to provide an overview of the way the Plain language movement has evolved in the legal sphere since the 1970s. In particular, I will highlight the following points: (1) the reasons why the Plain language movement came into being; (2) the major successes of plain language in the legal sphere over the last 40 years; (3) the areas where legalese still predominates, and the reasons for the resistance to change; and (4) the way the Plain language movement has adapted to the digitalized world and the implications for future development. My observations will be mainly restricted to the English-speaking world, including international organizations where English is one of the official languages, but I will occasionally make reference to other plain language organizations outside the English-speaking world where this seems relevant. I also provide a list of the major organizations involved in promoting plain language in English in the legal sphere today as a reference guide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document