The impact of stepfamily relationship quality on emerging adult non-medical use of prescription drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin P. Ward ◽  
Cory B. Dennis ◽  
Gordon E. Limb
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Exploring the use of cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs in a convenience sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinikka L. Kvamme ◽  
Michael M. Pedersen ◽  
Kristine Rømer Thomsen ◽  
Birgitte Thylstrup
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Patient Organizations ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The use of cannabis as medicine (CaM) both prescribed and non-prescribed has increased markedly in the last decade, mirrored in a global shift in cannabis policy towards a more permissive stance. There is some evidence that cannabis functions as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly opioids; however, more knowledge is needed on the motives of substitution users, their patterns of use, and perceived effects of substitution use. Aims To explore who substitutes prescription drugs with cannabis, the type of prescription drugs substituted and the type of cannabis used, and the impact that substitution with cannabis has on prescription drug use as well as the motives for substitution in terms of experienced effects and side effects. Methods A self-selected convenience sample was recruited through social media, public media, and patient organizations to take part in an anonymous online survey. Inclusion criteria were 18 years or older and use of cannabis (prescribed or non-prescribed) with a medical purpose. Results The final sample included 2.841 respondents of which the majority (91%) used non-prescribed cannabis, and more than half (54.6%) had used CaM with the purpose of replacing a prescribed drug. Compared to non-substitution users, substitution users were more likely to be women and to use CaM in the treatment of chronic pain and other somatic conditions. Pain medication (67.2%), antidepressants (24.5%), and arthritis medication (20.7%) were the most common types of drugs replaced with CaM. Among substitution users, 38.1% reported termination of prescription drug use, and 45.9% a substantial decrease in prescription drug use. The most frequent type of cannabis used as a substitute was CBD-oil (65.2%), followed by ‘hash, pot or skunk’ (36.6%). More than half (65.8%) found CaM much more effective compared to prescription drugs, and 85.5% that the side effects associated with prescription drug use were much worse compared to use of CaM. Conclusion CaM is frequently used as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly opioids. More research is needed on the long-term consequences of use of CaM, including the impact from low and high THC cannabis products on specific somatic and mental health conditions.

scholarly journals Parental incarceration affects children’s emotional and behavioral outcomes: A longitudinal cohort study of children aged 9 to 13 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199591
Author(s):  
Daragh Bradshaw ◽  
Ann-Marie Creaven ◽  
Orla T. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Parental Incarceration ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Impact

Parental incarceration (PI) is negatively associated with emotional, educational, and psychological child outcomes. However, few studies explore potential mechanisms through which these outcomes are transmitted or the means by which prosocial outcomes might develop. This study used data from two waves of a population cohort study of children aged 9 years and followed up aged 13 years living in Ireland. Children and parents ( N = 8,568) completed measures of PI, primary caregiver (PCG) depression, PCG-child relationship quality, and child behavioral adjustment. We then conducted a secondary analysis on this national longitudinal study of children in Ireland. Using sequential mediation models, we observed a mediated indirect effect of PI on prosocial outcomes via PCG depression and PCG-child relationship quality. PI at age 9 was associated with increased difficulties and reduced prosocial behavior at age 13. Additionally, PI at age 9 affected PCG depression and the PCG-child relationship quality. Additionally, child prosocial outcomes, and emotional and behavioral difficulties were less apparent where PI had a weaker effect on PCG depression and the quality of PCG-child relationship. Supports that can mitigate the impact of PI for vulnerable caregivers and children are discussed.

scholarly journals How Does Suppliers’ Fairness Affect the Relationship Quality of Agricultural Product Supply Chains?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Sun ◽  
Zehua Liu ◽  
Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Procedural Fairness ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Fairness Perception ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Distributive Fairness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although many studies have suggested that the relationship between different supply chain members significantly affects agricultural product quality, suppliers’ perceptions of fairness, which greatly influence their decisions on building the relationship quality, are often overlooked. Particularly, the empirical evidence to investigate the impacts of suppliers’ fairness on the relationship quality and the factors that affect the suppliers’ fairness is missing, and therefore this knowledge gap needs to be filled by new research. Herein, we conducted a survey of 450 agricultural product suppliers and systemically analyzed the impact of antecedents on fairness perception and the impact of fairness perception on relationship quality. In addition, we developed a structural equation model and found that information sharing and price satisfaction had significantly positive effects on procedural fairness and distributive fairness, respectively. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that procedural fairness is more important in improving the relationship quality than distributive fairness. However, supplier dependence is another important impact factor, and it greatly decreases the positive effects of suppliers’ fairness on relationship quality. In summary, the study results provide several managerial implications and extend our understanding of the importance of suppliers’ fairness in the relationship quality, which involves product development with respect to the supplier’s performance.

scholarly journals Prescription Opioid Abuse: Gleaning insights from hospital and vital records data

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reka Sundaram-Stukel ◽  
Ousmane Diallo ◽  
Benjamin Wiseman ◽  
Richard E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Operative Recovery ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveIn this paper we used hospital charges to assess costs incurred dueto prescription drug/opioid hospitalizationsIntroductionThere is a resurgence in the need to evaluate the economic burdenof prescription drug hospitalizations in the United States. We used theWisconsin 2014 Hospital Discharge data to examine opioid relatedhospitalization incidence and costs. Fentanyl, a powerful syntheticopioid, is frequently being used for as an intraoperative agent inanesthesia, and post-operative recovery in hospitals. According to a2013 study, synthetic Fentanyl is 40 times more potent than heroinand other prescription opioids; the strength of Fentanyl leads tosubstantial hospitalizations risks. Since, 1990 it has been availablewith a prescription in various forms such as transdermal patches orlollipops for treatment of serious chronic pain, most often prescribedfor late stage cancer patients. There have been reported fatal overdosesassociated with misuse of prescription fentanyl. In Wisconsin numberof total opioid related deaths increased by 51% from 2010 to 2014with the number of deaths involving prescription opioids specificallyincreased by 23% and number of deaths involving heroin increasedby 192%. We hypothesized that opioids prescription drugs, as a proxyof Fentanyl use, result in excessive health care costs.MethodsOpioid hospitalizations was defined as any mention of the ICD9codes (304,305) in any diagnostic field or the mention of (:E935.09) onthe first listed E-code. Our analysis used the Heckman 2-stage model,a method often used by Economists in absence of randomized controltrials. In presence of unobserved choice, for example opioid relatedhospitalizations, there usually is a correlation between error in anunderlying function (fentanyl prescription) and an estimated function(hospital charges) that introduces a selection bias. Heckman treats thiscorrelation between errors as an omitted variable bias. Therefore, weestimate a Heckman two step model using hospitalization: where theselection function is the probability of being hospitalized for syntheticopioid via logistic regression. Finally, we estimate the hospitalcharges realized if the patient was given opioids.ResultsMale patients are significantly more likely to be hospitalized foropioids than are female patients; while white patients are significantlymore likely to be admitted for opioid usage than other racialgroups. We also find that comorbid factors, such as mental health,significantly impact hospital charges associated with opioid use. Wefind that persons with private health insurance are associated withhigher rates of opioid use.ConclusionsUsing a Heckman two step approach we show that comorbidconditions such as mental health, Hepatitis C, injuries, etc significantlyaffect hospital charges associated with hospitalization. We usethese findings to explore the impact of the 2013 rule mandatingdoctors share opioid prescription information on the incidence ofopioid related death and hospital charges associated with opioidprescriptions. This work is policy relevant because alternatives toopioid prescription such as meditation, pain management therapiesmay be relevant.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RELATIONSHIP MARKETING DAN RELATIONSHIP QUALITY TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PRODUK PARFUM MULEGH DI PURWOKERTO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Marketing Relationship ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The research entitled �The Influence of Relationship Marketing and Relationship Quality Towards Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as The Intervening Variable on Mulleg Perfume Product in Purwokerto� aims to determine the impact of relationship marketing and relationship quality towards customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and to determine whether customer satisfaction could become the intervening variable. The hypothesis of this research is the relationship marketing has negative effect towards customer satisfaction, the relationship marketing has positive effect towards customer loyalty, the relationship quality has positively effect towards customer satisfaction, the relationship quality has positively effect towards the customer loyalty, and the customer loyalty could be able to mediate the influence of relationship marketing and relationship quality toward customer loyalty.� The analysis method that used on this research is the structural equation modeling.The results show that the relationship marketing has positive and significant effect towards customer satisfaction. It will increase the customer satisfaction of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship quality has positive and significant effect towards customer satisfaction, so it will increase the customer satisfaction of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship marketing has positive and significant effect towards customer loyalt. It will increase the customer loyalty of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship quality has positive and significant effect towards the customer loyalty. The Customer Satisfaction has positive and significant effect towards customer loyalty. The customer satisfaction could mediate the influence of relationship marketing towards the customer loyalty on Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The customer satisfaction could mediate the influence of relationship quality towards the customer loyalty of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto.�Keywords : Relationship Marketing , Relationship Quality , Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty�

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