History Rhymes: The Role of Learned Societies in an Open Research Landscape

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Katherine Hill
Keyword(s):  
Open Research ◽  
Learned Societies

Debating Slavery

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-123
Author(s):  
Alan Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Chambers Of Commerce ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
The Revolution

The chapter examines the moral threat to slaving in the last years of the Ancien Régime with the rise of abolitionism, first in Britain, then more gradually, in France. Moral qualms about slavery had first been expressed by Enlightened authors like Raynal and Condorcet; but the writings of some English abolitionists, notably Thomas Clarkson, proved equally powerful. However, in merchant circles, especially the chambers of commerce, slaves continued to be seen as a commodity, and the slaving interest was violently defended as the Revolution approached. The chapter examines pamphlets produced by both sides in the debate, and discusses the role of masonic lodges, clubs, and learned societies in the port cities themselves.

Expanding Technology, Deepening Knowledge and a Shrinking World: Reflections on Learned Societies in Measurement and Instrumentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
L. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
International Measurement

The paper marks the fiftieth anniversary of the activity of the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO). It uses this landmark to examine the development of measurement and instrumentation science and technology in the last five decades. It notes a technology that has grown in capability, extended its range of applications and spread globally. It examines the change in economic and political conditions and a globalised world. It critically reviews the role of learned societies. It advocates effort to promote learned society activities. It views international co-operation in such activities as the only way forward. It advocates active engagement in the work of IMEKO.

scholarly journals Open Research, Open Engineering, and the Role of the University in Society

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin R. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Public University ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Engineering Community ◽  
Open Research ◽  
The University

This is a white paper submitted as part of the joint NIH/NSF-funded event, "Imagining Tomorrow’s University: Rethinking scholarship, education, and institutions for an open, networked era", to be held March 8th and 9th in Rosemont, IL. In this paper I present my personal (not my employer's) thoughts and reflections on the role that open research can play in defining the purpose and activities of the university. I have made some specific recommendations on how I believe the public university can recommit and push the boundaries of its role as the creator and promoter of public knowledge. In doing so, serving a vital role to the continued economic, social, and technological development of society. I have also included some thoughts on how this applies specifically to my field of engineering and how a culture of openness and sharing within the engineering community can help drive societal development.

scholarly journals The case for free and open source software in research and scholarship

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (2197) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Fortunato ◽  
Mark Galassi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Open Research ◽  
The Common

Free and open source software (FOSS) is any computer program released under a licence that grants users rights to run the program for any purpose, to study it, to modify it, and to redistribute it in original or modified form. Our aim is to explore the intersection between FOSS and computational reproducibility. We begin by situating FOSS in relation to other ‘open’ initiatives, and specifically open science, open research, and open scholarship. In this context, we argue that anyone who actively contributes to the research process today is a computational researcher, in that they use computers to manage and store information. We then provide a primer to FOSS suitable for anyone concerned with research quality and sustainability—including researchers in any field, as well as support staff, administrators, publishers, funders, and so on. Next, we illustrate how the notions introduced in the primer apply to resources for scientific computing, with reference to the GNU Scientific Library as a case study. We conclude by discussing why the common interpretation of ‘open source’ as ‘open code’ is misplaced, and we use this example to articulate the role of FOSS in research and scholarship today. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Reliability and reproducibility in computational science: implementing verification, validation and uncertainty quantification in silico ’.

scholarly journals New trends in constraint satisfaction, planning, and scheduling: a survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Barták ◽  
Miguel A. Salido ◽  
Francesca Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Substantial Effort

AbstractDuring recent years, the development of new techniques for constraint satisfaction, planning, and scheduling has received increased attention, and substantial effort has been invested in trying to exploit such techniques to find solutions to real-life problems. In this paper, we present a survey on constraint satisfaction, planning, and scheduling from the Artificial Intelligence point of view. In particular, we present the main definitions and techniques, and discuss possible ways of integrating such techniques. We also analyze the role of constraint satisfaction in planning and scheduling, and hint at some open research issues related to planning, scheduling, and constraint satisfaction.

scholarly journals The role of learned societies and grant-funding agencies in fostering a culture of open science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Brysbaert
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Manuscript Submission ◽  
Grant Funding ◽  
Secure Systems ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Research Findings

At first sight, it is a no-brainer to make publicly funded research findings freely available to everyone. Ever increasing pay walls are unsustainable and publishers have been pushing their luck in the last decades. On the other hand, free lunches do not exist either. It is unrealistic for researchers to expect that their manuscripts can be evaluated and published for eternity without someone paying something. Based on my experiences, I think that commercial companies competing against each other are still the best guarantee for good service and innovation (e.g., for manuscript submission and handling). However, these companies must be reined in by people who put the ideals of scientific progress and accessibility first. Otherwise, temptations for easy profit are too large. There is no good alternative to learned societies governed by the researchers themselves. Complementary to the role of learned societies, grant funding agencies have the unique power to nudge researchers toward open science practices and to make sure that the findings of the research they support are copied to secure systems immune to the siren call of profit making.

Civic Cultures and Civic Colleges in Victorian England*

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. M. M. Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Great War ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
The Great War

This chapter discusses the role played by civic colleges in the emergence of autonomous professional groups associated with new disciplines between 1860 and the Great War. It also discusses the role of local learned societies, particularly literary and philosophical societies in the founding and support of the young colleges and their impact on college growth and curricula.

Preference in Paris

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-77
Author(s):  
Christina Luke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Paris Peace Conference

The pursuit of knowledge, cultural relations and diplomatic practice are discussed in this chapter in the context of the Treaty of Sèvres, the framing the League of Nations, and the role of early twentieth-century philanthropy and academia. The boundaries of where European and US scholars and businessmen penetrated Anatolia are defined as much by the lure of antiquity, recalling the vision of the Megali Idea, as by political posturing and economic gain embedded in the Wilsonian agenda. I trace the strategic diplomacy of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA), Learned Societies, and two members of the Princeton Expedition to Sardis, Howard Crosby Butler and William Hepburn Buckler, during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and the Turkish War of Independence. I argue that colonial networks writ large framed the nineteenth-century Western gaze of entitlement that underwrote duplicitous claims to Anatolian soil between 1919 and 1922.

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