Applications of Microbial Communities for the Remediation of Industrial and Mining Toxic Metal Waste: A Review

Di(hetero)aryl ketones are important motifs present in natural products, pharmaceuticals or agrochemicals. In recent years, Pd(II)-catalyzed acylation of (hetero)arenes in the presence of an oxidant has emerged as a catalytic alternative to classical acylation methods, reducing the production of toxic metal waste. Different directing groups and acyl sources are being studied for this purpose, although further development is required to face mainly selectivity problems in order to be applied in the synthesis of more complex molecules. Selected recent developments and applications are covered in this review.

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Effect of Growing Miscanthus x giganteus on Soil Microbial Communities in Post-Military Soil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10114021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4021 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Diana Nebeská ◽

Josef Trögl ◽

Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽

Jan Popelka ◽

Petra Veronesi Dáňová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Toxic Metals ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽

Stress Indicators ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Potential Toxic Metals ◽

Positive Effect

Growing a second generation energetic plant Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) in former military sites appears to be a promising way to use such areas with synergic phytoremediation of contaminants (organic pollutants, potential toxic metals). Effect of Mxg growth on soil microbial communities during a two-year pot experiment with real post-military soil (Sliač, Slovakia) and the effect of potential toxic metal concentration was studied by analyses of microbial activities and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). Year-on-year positive changes in microbial community structure and state were detected (higher ratios of G+/G− bacteria and fungal/bacterial PLFA, and a decrease of stress indicators trans/cis and cy/pre PLFA). Portion of gram-positive bacteria correlated negatively with potential toxic metal concentrations; however, the concentration of potential toxic metals was not identified as the main stress factor—the access to bioavailable nutrients was more important. Overall, Mxg growth generally exhibited a positive effect on soil microorganisms.

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Effects of sucrose and sorbitol on cement-based stabilization/solidification of toxic metal waste

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.022 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 151 (2-3) ◽

pp. 490-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Linghong Zhang ◽

Lionel J.J. Catalan ◽

Andrew C. Larsen ◽

Stephen D. Kinrade

Keyword(s):

Toxic Metal ◽

Metal Waste

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Crystal chemical characteristics of ellestadite-type apatite: implications for toxic metal immobilization

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/c4dt02088j ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (42) ◽

pp. 16031-16043 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Y. N. Fang ◽

Clemens Ritter ◽

T. J. White

Keyword(s):

Toxic Metal ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Crystal Chemical ◽

Fly Ashes ◽

Ceramic Waste ◽

Waste Forms ◽

Metal Waste ◽

Metal Immobilization

Ellestadites are silicate–sulphate apatite matrices for the immobilization of toxic metal waste. Phosphate-rich chlorellestadite, Ca10[(SiO4)x(PO4)6−2x(SO4)x]Cl2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) show promise as ceramic waste forms for hazardous fly ashes rich in sulphur and chlorine.

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Spatial Distribution of Toxic Metal(loid)s and Microbial Community Analysis in Soil Vertical Profile at an Abandoned Nonferrous Metal Smelting Site

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7101

Author(s):

Jiejie Yang ◽

Siqi Wang ◽

Ziwen Guo ◽

Yan Deng ◽

Menglong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Microbial Community Analysis ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

High Background ◽

Top Soil

In this study soils at different depths were collected in a Zn smelting site located in Zhuzhou City, China, in order to understand toxic metal(loid)s distribution and microbial community in vertical soil profile at a smelting site. Except Soil properties and metal(loid)s content, the richness and diversity of microbial communities in soil samples were analyzed via high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16s rRNA gene amplicons. The results showed that the content of As, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Mn was relatively high in top soil in comparison to subsoil, while the concentration of Cr in subsoil was comparable with that in top soil due to its relative high background value in this soil layer. The bioavailability of Cd, Mn, Zn, and Pb was relative higher than that of As, Cr, and Cu. The diversity of soil microbial communities decreased with increasing depth, which might be ascribed to the decrease in evenness with increase in depth duo to the influence by environmental conditions, such as pH, TK (total potassium), CEC (cation exchange capacity), ORP (oxidation reduction potential), and Bio-Cu (bioavailable copper). The results also found Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were dominant phyla in soil samples. At the genus level, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Gp7 were dominant soil microorganism. Besides, Environmental factors, such as SOM (soil organic matter), pH, Bio-Cu, Bio-Cd (bioavailable cadmium), and Bio-Pb (bioavailable lead), greatly impacted microbial community in surface soil (1–3 m), while ORP, TK, and AN concentration influenced microbial community in the subsoil (4–10 m).

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The Reaction of Brain Structures with OsO4-Zinc-Iodide Stain

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065419 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 272-273

Author(s):

Werner J. Niklowitz

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Mossy Fiber ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Staining Technique ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Hippocampal Tissue ◽

Zinc Iodide

After intoxication of rabbits with certain substances such as convulsant agents (3-acetylpyridine), centrally acting drugs (reserpine), or toxic metal compounds (tetraethyl lead) a significant observation by phase microscope is the loss of contrast of the hippocampal mossy fiber layer. It has been suggested that this alteration, as well as changes seen with the electron microscope in the hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, may be related to a loss of neurotransmitters. The purpose of these experiments was to apply the OsO4-zinc-iodide staining technique to the study of these structural changes since it has been suggested that OsO4-zinc-iodide stain reacts with neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, catecholamines).Domestic New Zealand rabbits (2.5 to 3 kg) were used. Hippocampal tissue was removed from normal and experimental animals treated with 3-acetylpyridine (antimetabolite of nicotinamide), reserpine (anti- hypertensive/tranquilizer), or iproniazid (antidepressant/monamine oxidase inhibitor). After fixation in glutaraldehyde hippocampal tissue was treated with OsO4-zinc-iodide stain and further processed for phase and electron microscope studies.

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A peek in the micro-sized world: a review of design principles, engineering tools, and applications of engineered microbial community

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20190172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 399-409

Author(s):

Baizhen Gao ◽

Rushant Sabnis ◽

Tommaso Costantini ◽

Robert Jinkerson ◽

Qing Sun

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Environmental Remediation ◽

Real Life ◽

Design Principles ◽

Microbial Interactions ◽

Potential Applications ◽

New Gene ◽

Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽

Synthetic Microbial Communities

Microbial communities drive diverse processes that impact nearly everything on this planet, from global biogeochemical cycles to human health. Harnessing the power of these microorganisms could provide solutions to many of the challenges that face society. However, naturally occurring microbial communities are not optimized for anthropogenic use. An emerging area of research is focusing on engineering synthetic microbial communities to carry out predefined functions. Microbial community engineers are applying design principles like top-down and bottom-up approaches to create synthetic microbial communities having a myriad of real-life applications in health care, disease prevention, and environmental remediation. Multiple genetic engineering tools and delivery approaches can be used to ‘knock-in' new gene functions into microbial communities. A systematic study of the microbial interactions, community assembling principles, and engineering tools are necessary for us to understand the microbial community and to better utilize them. Continued analysis and effort are required to further the current and potential applications of synthetic microbial communities.

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