Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in a National Sample of Arab Adolescents

ABSTRACTThe Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) is among the most widely used depression screening measures. Existing research suggests a higher-order factor structure of responses among older adults (factors labelled depressive affect, absence of well-being, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal affect, each loading upon a second-order depression factor). The current study extends this research to ascertain whether this structure is equivalent (or invariant) between the English and French versions of the CES-D. Findings suggest that the number and relative contribution of each factor is similar for both language groups. Furthermore, interpretation of CES-D items is statistically indistinguishable for 16 of 20 items within this randomly identified, national sample of caregivers of persons with dementia. Results of this study support the higher-order factor structure of this measure and provide data in support of the reliability of responses. Furthermore, findings support the use of the CES-D in cross-cultural and comparative research with English- and French-speaking adults.

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Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 10-item Short Form (CES-D-10) in Aotearoa New Zealand children

Journal of Affective Disorders Reports ◽

10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100298 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100298

Author(s):

Jane E. Cha ◽

Karen E. Waldie ◽

Denise Neumann ◽

Ashley Smith ◽

Caroline G. Walker

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Short Form ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Aotearoa New Zealand

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Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised in patients with cancer: A cross-sectional study

International Journal of Nursing Studies ◽

10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.04.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Jie Li ◽

Fengling Zhao ◽

Huayu Bai ◽

Pingzhen Lin ◽

Di Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients With Cancer

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A systematic review of the latent structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) amongst adolescents

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03206-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joanna M. Blodgett ◽

Chantelle C. Lachance ◽

Brendon Stubbs ◽

Melissa Co ◽

Yu-Tzu Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Factor Structure ◽

English Language ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Latent Structure ◽

Future Research ◽

Primary Analysis ◽

The Usa

Abstract Background The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a commonly used psychometric scale of depression. A four-factor structure (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal difficulties) was initially identified in an American sample aged 18 to 65. Despite emerging evidence, a latent structure has not been established in adolescents. This review aimed to investigate the factor structure of the CES-D in adolescents. Methods We searched Web of Science, PsychINFO and Scopus and included peer-reviewed, original studies assessing the factor structure of the 20-item CES-D in adolescents aged ≤18. Two independent researchers screened results and extracted data. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were primarily from school-based samples in the USA or Asia. Studies that conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 9) reported a four-factor structure consistent with the original factor structure; these studies were primarily USA-based. Conversely, studies that conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reported distinct two or three factor structures (n = 4) and were primarily based in Asia. Limitations Studies in a non-English language and those that included individuals aged > 18 years were excluded. Ethnic or cultural differences as well as different analytical methods impacted generalisability of results. The use of CFA as the primary analysis may have biased towards a four-factor structure. Conclusions A four-factor CES-D structure was an appropriate fit for adolescents in Western countries; further research is required to determine the fit in in Asian countries. This has important implications for clinical use of the scale. Future research should consider how cultural differences shape the experience of depression in adolescents.

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