Milan's Studio di Fonologia: Voice Politics in the City, 1955–8

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-443
Author(s):  
Delia Casadei
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Electronic Music ◽  
Luciano Berio ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Political Modernity ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThe Studio di Fonologia Musicale of Milan, Italy's first electronic music studio, opened in 1955. Housed in the national broadcasting (RAI) studios in Milan, the studio was founded by two celebrated Italian composers: Luciano Berio and Bruno Maderna. The institution is often remembered nowadays for being the first electronic music studio to focus its activity on the human voice. As I argue, this focus was not only of an aesthetic nature, but rather reflected long-standing political and intellectual conceptions of voice, speech and public space that were rooted in Italy's early days as a republic, and in mid-twentieth-century Milan as the flagship city for this newly achieved political modernity.

Colonial Specters: The Extramuro, History, Memory, and Urbanization in La Paz, Bolivia, 1900-1947

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1152
Author(s):  
Luis M. Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This essay examines the racialization of space and the role of memory in the twentieth-century urbanization of La Paz, Bolivia. Historical memory linked particular races to specific spaces; this in turn helped determine spending on infrastructure, hygiene, and other urban projects. The essay analyzes the ways in which the extramuro (outside the walls of the city) was marked as the place for undesirable, but necessary elements of the city, and as the point of origin for the filth and a whole host of diseases within the city. The relationship between La Paz and the discourses on indígenas in public space in the twentieth century takes center stage: these discourses marked indígenas as undesirable and yet redeemable. This essay analyzes the close connection between the construction of race and the urbanization of that same space. I conclude by reassessing the links between race, space, and memory in Bolivia.

scholarly journals Encuentros y Desencuentros de La Modernidad en Tegucigalpa, Siglo XIX y XX. / Agreements and disagreements of modernity in Tegucigalpa, Nineteenth and twentieth century

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Daniela Navarrete Calix
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Central American ◽  
Political Modernity ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

RESUMENEste artículo analiza el impacto urbano que trajo la modernidad política aplicada a la ciudad de Tegucigalpa, capital de Honduras. Para ello comparamos diacrónicamente la transformación político-administrativa en este centro urbano: en el liberalismo del último cuarto del siglo XIX y principios del s. XX; y en el neoliberalismo de finales del siglo XX.  El discurso de los locutores de la modernidad liberal y neoliberal tendrá especial atención, pues vehicula los ideales de los gobernantes para alcanzar el progreso o desarrollo. Estos anhelos de modernidad se reflejan en el paisaje urbano encontrándose o no de los anhelos de los ciudadanos de esta capital centroamericana.Palabras clave: modernidad – (neo) liberalismo – modelos urbanos RESUMO Este artigo analisa o impacto urbano que trouxe modernidade política aplicada à cidade de Tegucigalpa, capital de Honduras. Para esta comparação diacronicamente a transformação político-administrativa neste centro urbano: no liberalismo do último quartel do século XIX e início do s. XX; eo neoliberalismo do final do século XX. O discurso dos oradores da modernidade liberal e neoliberal terá atenção especial, pois transmite os ideais dos governos para alcançar o progresso ou desenvolvimento. Esses anseios da modernidade são refletidos na paisagem urbana ou não corresponder às aspirações dos cidadãos desta capital centro-americana.Palavras-chave: modernidade - (neo) liberalismo – modelos Urbanos ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the urban impact that brought political modernity applied to the city of Tegucigalpa, capital of Honduras. For this we compare diachronically the political-administrative transformation in this urban center: during liberalism of the last quarter of the nineteenth century and early s. XX; and during the neoliberalism of the late twentieth century. The speech of the speakers of liberal and neoliberal modernity will have special attention, as conveys the ideals of governments to achieve progress or development. These yearnings of modernity are reflected in the urban landscape and of course meet and unmeet the aspirations of the citizens of this Central American capital.Keywords: modernity – (neo) liberalism – urban models 

Private needs, public space: public toilets provision in the Anglo-Atlantic patriarchal city: London, Dublin, Toronto and Chicago

Urban History ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAUREEN FLANAGAN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Male Leadership ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Toilets

ABSTRACTAs part of the reconstruction of their built environments at the beginning of the twentieth century, London, Dublin, Toronto and Chicago confronted the question of whether to provide public toilets. In comparing the arguments and decisions over this question, this article demonstrates how the male leadership of each city sought to preserve the centuries-old patriarchal tradition of separate public and private spheres and limit women's access to public spaces. It also reveals the gendered dimension of ideas and experiences of the city that underlay the rhetoric surrounding this question.

scholarly journals Democracy, discourse, and design: Cape Town’s (re)turn to public space

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Sharóne L. Tomer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Space Program ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Public spaces had been central to Cape Town’s colonial planning and spatial order, but became marginalised in the twentieth century under modernist planning and apartheid policy. As apartheid came towards its close, architects and planners began to champion public space as a way of addressing the city’s deficiencies. Books, articles, and policy documents were written celebrating public space as a humanist device and vehicle for democracy. The City of Cape Town’s emerging Urban Design Branch instituted a major public space program: the Dignified Places Programme. This paper traces the history of public space as a terrain through which political aspirations, whether of domination or contestation, have been asserted in Cape Town. The paper will argue that at the end of apartheid, a public space turn occurred which reflected the specificities of post-apartheid democracy, in both its aspirations and limitations.

Spectacle, Fear, and Protest

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-73
Author(s):  
Anton Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Contested Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

The history of the city in twentieth-century Latin America can be seen as a long contest over the exercise of urban public space. While the nature of this space is often less physical than it is social and situational, the struggle between different elements of the city to manipulate its politics and control its daily life has often been violent, leaving deep imprints in the collective memories of places as culturally and physically diverse as Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Havana, Bogotá, and Rio de Janeiro.If approached from the perspective of contested space, the urban milieu offers an intriguing site for the historian interestedin exploring changing relations of power, class conflict, opposing visions of the future, breakdowns of social order, gendered spaces, health and disease, visual culture, spectacle and symbolic codes, and ultimately, the creation of community. Yet until the 1980s, most Latin American historians who were interestedin these themes confined their studies to the countryside. As late as 1975, Jorge Hardoy (1975:44) could write that “the urban history of the second half of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth is virtually unknown, in spite of the extremely rich material left to us by innumerable travelers, scientists, and men of state.” While historians and social scientists working from the 1950s through much of the 1970s delineated the complex relations between peasant villages and national states, the ideologies of rural rebellion, and the sources of identity and community in a countryside transformed by the demands of export capital, cities in twentieth-century Latin America were accorded secondary treatment, sometimes at the level of popular anecdotal narratives.

scholarly journals A new New Babylon. Bottom-up Urban Planning & The Situationist utopia

2016 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Cesar Losada Romero
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Living Entity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
New Babylon ◽  
Modern Movement

The recent “Participatory Turn” in Urbanism has flourished most significantly in situations of economic turmoil, material scarcity and technical insufficiency: those circumstances have boosted creative and audacious urban processes that take advantage of such limitations as an opportunity to enhance social engagement, formal exploration and developmental experimentation. All across Europe or Latin America, multidisciplinary collectives aim to reinvent the socioeconomical conditions for urban design and construction, favoring the architectural Process rather than the Object.Experiences in Urban Acupuncture, bottom-up urbanism, activism for the public space and the claim for neighborly ties are often struggling against Top-Down urban planning and the modern articulation of the zoned city: according to some of these collectives, the Welfare State  and its urban culture has been overtaken by capitalism, and the classical Ville Radieuse model has somehow become synonymous with Corporatocracy and social engineering.In this sociopolitical milieu , some of the mid twentieth century arguments against the Modern Movement have emerged again. Many scholars have linked the Occupy and Indignados movements with the events of May 68, and the urban guerrillas within both periods have been strongly biased towards a radical reformulation of the Structuralist urban parameters: in order to re-humanize the city, urban planning must give way to spontaneity, autopoiesis, dynamism and horizontal decision-making. The city is not considered a ready made object designed from scratch, but an always-evolving living entity, where perennial mutation and reconfiguration is the at the key feature. The City is a rhizome rather than a tree.The Situationist utopia of the New Babylon (as conceived by Constant Nieuwenhuys) revives as the core intellectual reference of many Participatory Urbanism experiences. Psycho-geography, détournement,  the urban dweller as a homo ludens, and the harmonization of life and work are presented as the shield against the alienation, social segregation and gentrification inherent to the capitalist city and its planning instruments. The Situationist model is now enhanced with ideas of sustainability, social responsibility, gender claims, global migrations and ecology, depicting a contemporary Utopia that collapses the boundary between planners and dwellers.In this paper we´ll trace the influence of the Situationist ethos upon recent experiences in participatory urbanism: the impact of mid-twentieth century radical activism upon contemporary counter-cultural urban praxis, a trend that is pushing the Academia to reconsider its ethical foundations and methodological tools, and ultimately to reformulate the consensual ontology of the city inherited from the early Modern Movement.

Reconstruction Of Urban Parks Of Culture And Rest Of The Soviet Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City

This article analyzes the main problems of urban public spaces, because today public spaces can determine the future of cities. It is noted that parks are multifunctional public spaces in the urban environment, as they are an important element of the citywide system of landscaping and recreation, perform health, cultural, educational, aesthetic and environmental functions. The article notes that the need for easily accessible and well-maintained urban parks remains, however, the state of parks in many cities of Russia remains unsatisfactory, requiring reconstruction. A brief historical background of the Park of Culture and Rest of the Soviet period in Omsk is expounded, the analysis of the existing territory of the Park is presented. It is revealed that the Park, being the largest public space in Omsk, does not meet the requirements of modern urbanism, although it represents a great potential for designing the space for the purpose of recreation of citizens. Performed functional zoning scheme of the territory of the Park in question, where its division into functional areas destined for active recreational users of the Park is presented, considered the interests of senior citizens, people with limited mobility, etc. Reconstruction of Parks of the Soviet period can provide the city with additional recreational opportunities, as well as increase its tourist attractiveness.

Conformity and Idiosyncrasy: Jean Rhys

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vike Martina Plock
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Jean Rhys ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Image Construction ◽  
Political Modernity ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Good Morning ◽  
Professional Mobility

By looking at Jean Rhys’s ‘Left Bank’ fiction (Quartet, After Leaving Mr Mackenzie, Good Morning, Midnight, ‘Illusion’, ‘Mannequin’), this chapter investigates how new operational procedures such as Fordism and Taylorism, which were introduced into the French couture industry at the beginning of the twentieth century, affected constructions of modern femininity. Increasingly standardized images of feminine types were produced by Paris couturiers while the new look of the Flapper seemingly advertised women’s expanding social, political and professional mobility. Rhys, this chapter argues, noted fashion’s ability to provide resources for creative image construction but she simultaneously expressed criticism of its tendency to standardize female costumes and behaviour. Ultimately, Rhys demonstrates in her fiction that the radically modern couture of the early twentieth century was by no means the maker of social change and women’s political modernity. To offset the increased standardization of female images that she witnessed around her, Rhys created heroines and texts that relied on an overt display on difference.  

Review: Urban Latino Cultures: La Vida Latina en LA by Gustavo Leclerc, Raúl Villa, and Michael J. Dear (eds.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crime Wave ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The City ◽  
History Of Los Angeles

Throughout the twentieth century (and now the twenty-first), the specter of a Latina/o past, present, and future has haunted the myth of Los Angeles as a sunny, bucolic paradise. At the same time it has loomed behind narratives of the city as a dystopic, urban nightmare. In the 1940s Carey McWilliams pointed to the fabrication of a “Spanish fantasy heritage” that made Los Angeles the bygone home of fair señoritas, genteel caballeros and benevolent mission padres. Meanwhile, the dominant Angeleno press invented a “zoot” (read Mexican-American) crime wave. Unlike the aristocratic, European Californias/os of lore, the Mexican/American “gangsters” of the 1940s were described as racial mongrels. What's more, the newspapers explicitly identified them as the sons and daughters of immigrants-thus eliding any link they may have had to the Californias/os of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries or to the history of Los Angeles in general.

Regeneration of a historic city block: the example of the relocation of the historic Atelier building to the cloister area of the Congregation of the Resurrection in Krakow

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Podhalański ◽  
Anna Połtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
City Block ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Abstract The article discusses a project that features the relocation of the historic Atelier building, built by Krakow-based architect Wandalin Beringer (1839–1923) who was active in the early twentieth century, and the regeneration of a plot belonging to the Congregation of the Resurrection since 1885, which is located at 12 Łobzowska Street in Krakow. The method includes cutting the entire structure off at the foundation and then after reinforcing it with a steel structure transporting it in its entirety to the new location. The project included two possible variants of moving the building in a straight line, either by 21 or 59 metres and evaluates two projects of further regeneration, the adaptive reuse of the building as an exhibition and religious space as well as a proposal for the remodelling of the nearby plot that belongs to the Congregation into a space for meditation and as a recreational park. The aim of these measures is to prevent the demolition of this building, now over a century old, as a result of which a forgotten element of the cultural heritage of the city will be saved. This project was based on the results of analyses of the cultural and historical conditions of Krakow. The block of buildings in which the Atelier in question is located is a very attractive location, near to the very centre of Krakow, adjacent to residential, service and educational buildings. It is directly adjacent to the Monastery Complex of the Congregation of the Resurrection, listed as a heritage building under conservation protection (municipal registry of heritage buildings). In the second half of the twentieth century, the building was used as a workroom by artists such as Xawery Dunikowski and later by the sculptress Teodora Stasiak. The case of the Atelier may provide an inspiration for discussion as well as raising awareness among citizens and city authorities to avoid future situations in which cultural heritage may become forgotten or demolished.

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