Labile water soluble components govern the short-term microbial decay of hydrochar from sewage sludge

Background: At present, there were numerous researches on the migration of components in tablets and granules, the investigation in the pharmaceutical literatrue concerning the effect of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components of pellets was limited. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were crucial parameters during the drying process which was an essential step in the preparation of pellets via wet extrusion/spheronization. To quantify these variables, the water loss percentage of pellets per minute was defined as drying rate. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the influence of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components in wet pellets and the potential migrated mechanism. Methods: The pellets containing tartrazine as a water-soluble model drug and microcrystalline cellulose as a matrix former were prepared by extrusion/spheronization and dried at four different drying temperature and relative humidity. Afterward, the extent of migrated tartrazine was assessed regarding appearance, in-vitro dissolution test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Confocal Raman Mapping. Results: Results demonstrated that red spots of tartrazine appeared on the surface of pellets and more than 40% tartrazine were burst released within 5 minutes when pellets dried at 60℃/RH 10%. While pellets dried at 40℃/RH 80%, none of these aforementioned phenomena was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the faster drying rate was, the more tartrazine migrated to the exterior of pellets. Adjusting drying temperature and relative humidity appropriately could inhibit the migration of water-soluble components within wet extrusion/spheronization pellets.

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Water-Soluble Components in Soils of Heterolithic Conjugate Landscapes in the Southern Taiga Subzone

Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin ◽

10.3103/s0147687421010026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

L. G. Bogatyrev ◽

A. I. Benediktova ◽

M. M. Karpukhin ◽

V. M. Telesnina ◽

N. I. Zhilin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Taiga ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Southern Taiga Subzone ◽

Soluble Components

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Distinctive adjuvanticity of synthetic analogs of mycobacterial water-soluble components

Cellular Immunology ◽

10.1016/0008-8749(76)90053-8 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

F. Audibert ◽

L. Chédid ◽

P. Lefrancier ◽

J. Choay

Keyword(s):

Water Soluble ◽

Synthetic Analogs ◽

Soluble Components

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How big is the influence of biogenic silicon pools on short-term changes in water-soluble silicon in soils? Implications from a study of a 10-year-old soil–plant system

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-14-5239-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 5239-5252 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Daniel Puppe ◽

Axel Höhn ◽

Danuta Kaczorek ◽

Manfred Wanner ◽

Marc Wehrhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Soluble ◽

Small Scale ◽

Testate Amoeba ◽

Short Term ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Main Driver ◽

Key Factor ◽

Calamagrostis Epigejos ◽

Biogenic Silicon ◽

Future Work

Abstract. The significance of biogenic silicon (BSi) pools as a key factor for the control of Si fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems has been recognized for decades. However, while most research has been focused on phytogenic Si pools, knowledge of other BSi pools is still limited. We hypothesized that different BSi pools influence short-term changes in the water-soluble Si fraction in soils to different extents. To test our hypothesis we took plant (Calamagrostis epigejos, Phragmites australis) and soil samples in an artificial catchment in a post-mining landscape in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. We quantified phytogenic (phytoliths), protistic (diatom frustules and testate amoeba shells) and zoogenic (sponge spicules) Si pools as well as Tiron-extractable and water-soluble Si fractions in soils at the beginning (t0) and after 10 years (t10) of ecosystem development. As expected the results of Tiron extraction showed that there are no consistent changes in the amorphous Si pool at Chicken Creek (Hühnerwasser) as early as after 10 years. In contrast to t0 we found increased water-soluble Si and BSi pools at t10; thus we concluded that BSi pools are the main driver of short-term changes in water-soluble Si. However, because total BSi represents only small proportions of water-soluble Si at t0 (< 2 %) and t10 (2.8–4.3 %) we further concluded that smaller (< 5 µm) and/or fragile phytogenic Si structures have the biggest impact on short-term changes in water-soluble Si. In this context, extracted phytoliths (> 5 µm) only amounted to about 16 % of total Si contents of plant materials of C. epigejos and P. australis at t10; thus about 84 % of small-scale and/or fragile phytogenic Si is not quantified by the used phytolith extraction method. Analyses of small-scale and fragile phytogenic Si structures are urgently needed in future work as they seem to represent the biggest and most reactive Si pool in soils. Thus they are the most important drivers of Si cycling in terrestrial biogeosystems.

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Time dependence for vascular effects of water-soluble components of diesel exhaust in atherosclerosis rats

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.280 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 97 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. A94-A94

Author(s):

Q. Gang

Keyword(s):

Time Dependence ◽

Diesel Exhaust ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Vascular Effects ◽

Soluble Components

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Radioactive Lactose in Skim Milk Following Administration of Carbonyl-14C-Carbaryl to a Lactating Cow

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/51.5.1046 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 1046-1049

Author(s):

R L Baron

Keyword(s):

Skim Milk ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Soluble Components

Abstract Administration of 2 g carbonyl-14C-carbaryl to a lactating cow resulted in radioactive residues in milk of approximately 1 % of the administered dose. Analysis of the distribution of radioactivity in skim milk showed 13 and 87% of the radioactivity present as organic-soluble and water-soluble components, respectively. Crystallization of lactose from the water-soluble components resulted in removal of 90—95% of the 14C radioactivity. The data obtained indicate that following hydrolysis of the carbonyl-14- C-carbaryl, a small quantity of 14C02 was incorporated into lactose

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Short-Term Decomposition and Nutrient-Supplying Ability of Sewage Sludge Digestate, Digestate Compost, and Vermicompost on Acidic Sandy and Calcareous Loamy Soils

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2249

Author(s):

Nikolett Uzinger ◽

Orsolya Szécsy ◽

Nóra Szűcs-Vásárhelyi ◽

István Padra ◽

Dániel Benjámin Sándor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Test Plant ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Short Term ◽

Mineral N ◽

Average Residual

Organic waste and the compost and vermicompost derived from it may have different agronomic values, but little work is available on this aspect of sewage sludge. A 75-day pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as the test plant aimed to investigate the fertiliser value and organic matter replenishment capacity of digested sewage sludge (DS) and the compost (COM) and vermicompost (VC) made from it, applied in 1% and 3% doses on acidic sand and calcareous loam. The NPK content and availability, changes in organic carbon content and plant biomass, and the efficiency of the amendments as nitrogen fertilisers were investigated. The final average residual carbon content for DS, COM, and VC was 35 ± 34, 85 ± 46, and 55 ± 46%, respectively. The organic carbon mineralisation rate depended on the soil type. The additives induced significant N mineralisation in both soils: the average increment in mineral N content was 1.7 times the total added N on acidic sand and 4.2 times it on calcareous loam for the 1% dose. The agronomic efficiency of COM and VC as fertilisers was lower than that of DS. In the short term, DS proved to be the best fertiliser, while COM was the best for organic matter replenishment.

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Contents, distribution, and fractionation of soil organic carbon and trace elements in soils under a green manure application

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/65/2020-swr ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 50-58

Author(s):

Yana Timofeeva ◽

Lyudmila Purtova ◽

Alexey Emelyanov ◽

Maxim Burdukovskii ◽

Irina Kiseleva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Green Manure ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Household Waste ◽

Nickel Ions ◽

Low Degree ◽

Soluble Components

We quantified the soluble fractions of the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and the total and water-soluble trace elements in soils contaminated by household waste and remediated via the addition of green manure over 13 years and identified the main factors controlling the vertical distribution and accumulation of the trace elements. Green manure favoured the active formation of soil organic matter. The SOC of the examined soils was characterised by the active stabilisation by mineral soil compounds, but by a low degree of humification. The soils showed increased concentrations of Cr and Ni ions. The SOC and different soil compounds enriched by Si, Ca, and Mn ions were the important determinant for the distribution of Sr, V and Cu ions, as well as for the distribution of Pb and Cr ions bound to the water-soluble components of the soils. The low degree of SOC humification may be one of the main reasons of the high concentrations of Cu and Pb ions in the composition of the water-soluble soil compounds. The nickel ions were mainly associated with compounds enriched by the Al and Fe ions. The extremely high percentage concentration of the Ni ions in the water-soluble components of the soils may be result of the absence of the Ni ions adsorption by humic substances.

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