Projected Changes in Surface Air Temperature and Surface Wind in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Perrie ◽  
Zhenxia Long ◽  
Joël Chassé ◽  
Maryna Blokhina ◽  
Lanli Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Projected Changes

scholarly journals Recent atmospheric changes and future projections along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhakim Bawadekji ◽  
Kareem Tonbol ◽  
Nejib Ghazouani ◽  
Nidhal Becheikh ◽  
Mohamed Shaltout
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
Red Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

AbstractRecent and future climate diagrams (surface air temperature, surface relative humidity, surface wind, and mean sea level pressure) for the Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast are analysed based on hourly observations (2016–2020) and hourly ERA5 data (1979–2020) with daily GFDL mini-ensemble means (2006–2100). Moreover, GFDL mini-ensemble means are calculated based on the results of three GFDL simulations (GFDL-CM3, GFDL-ESM2M, and GFDL-ESM2G). Observation data are employed to describe the short-term current weather variability. However, ERA5 data are considered to study the long-term current weather variability after bias removal via a comparison to observations. Finally, a bias correction statistical model was developed by matching the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of corrected ERA5 and mini-ensemble mean data over 15 years (2006–2020). The obtained local statistic were used to statically downscale GFDL mini-ensemble means to study the future uncertainty in the atmospheric parameters studied. There occurred significant spatial variability across the study area, especially regarding the surface air temperature and relative humidity, based on monthly analysis of both observation and ERA5 data. Moreover, the results indicated that the ERA5 data suitably describe Tabuk, Jeddah and Jizan weather conditions with a marked spatial variability. The best performance of ERA5 surface air temperature and relative humidity (surface wind speed and sea level pressure) data was detected in Tabuk (Jeddah). These data for the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast, 1979–2020, exhibit significant positive trends of the surface air temperature and surface wind speed and significant negative trends of the relative humidity and sea level pressure. The GFDL mini-ensemble mean projection result, up to 2100, contains a significant bias in the studied weather parameters. This is partly attributed to the coarse GFDL resolution (2° × 2°). After bias removal, the statistically downscaled simulations based on the GFDL mini-ensemble mean indicate that the climate in the study area will experience significant changes with a large range of uncertainty according to the considered scenario and regional variations.

scholarly journals The effect of the total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 on meteorological variables in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 5543-5553 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Founda ◽  
D. Melas ◽  
S. Lykoudis ◽  
I. Lisaridis ◽  
E. Gerasopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Meteorological Model

Abstract. This paper examines the effect of the total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 on meteorological variables across Greece. Integrated micrometeorological measurements were conducted at Kastelorizo, a small island within the path of totality, and other sites within the Greek domain, with various degrees of solar obscuration. The observations showed a dramatic reduction in the incoming global radiation and subsequent, pronounced changes in surface air temperature with the lowest temperature values occurring about 15 min after the full phase. The amplitude of the air temperature drop was not analogous to the obscuration percentage but was principally determined by the surrounding environment (mainly the sea influence), the background meteorological conditions and local cloudiness. Surface wind-speed decreased in most sites as a result of the cooling and stabilization of the atmospheric boundary layer. This perturbation provided a unique opportunity to apply a sensitivity analysis on the effect of the eclipse to the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) numerical mesoscale meteorological model. Strong anomalies, not associated with a dynamic response, were simulated over land especially in surface air temperature. The simulated temperature drop pattern was consistent with the observations.

Summer Nonconvective Severe Wind Frequency over Ontario and Its Correlation with Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1170-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Lin Zhang ◽  
Zuohao Cao ◽  
Jianmin Ma ◽  
Aiming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Climate Conditions

AbstractThe summer nonconvective severe surface wind (NCSSW) frequency over Ontario, Canada, in relation to regional climate conditions and tropical Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during the period of 1979–2006 is examined using surface wind reports and large-scale analysis data. A statistically robust positive trend in Ontario summer NCSSW frequency is identified using three independent statistical approaches, which include the conventional linear regression that has little disturbance to the original time series, the Mann–Kendall test without a lag-1 autoregressive process, and the Monte Carlo simulation. A composite analysis of the large-scale monthly mean data reveals that the high- (low-) NCSSW occurrence years are linked to stronger (weaker) large-scale horizontal pressure gradients and more (less) intensive vector wind anomalies in the upper troposphere. Unlike the low-event years, anomalous anticyclonic circulations are found at 500 and 250 hPa in the high-event years, which are conducive to downward momentum transport and favorable for severe surface wind development. It is also found that the summer NCSSW occurs more frequently under the conditions of warmer surface air temperature over Ontario. Further analyses indicate that an increase in the summer NCSSW frequency is well correlated with an increase in the previous winter SSTs over the eastern equatorial Pacific, namely, in the Niño-1+2 and Niño-3 areas, through a decrease in sea level pressure over northern Ontario and an increase in surface air temperature over central and southern Ontario.

scholarly journals Dynamical Downscaling of Surface Air Temperature and Wind Field Variabilities over the Southeastern Levantine Basin, Mediterranean Sea

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Mohamed ElBessa ◽  
Saad Mesbah Abdelrahman ◽  
Kareem Tonbol ◽  
Mohamed Shaltout
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Near Surface

The characteristics of near surface air temperature and wind field over the Southeastern Levantine (SEL) sub-basin during the period 1979–2018 were simulated. The simulation was carried out using a dynamical downscaling approach, which requires running a regional climate model system (RegCM-SVN6994) on the study domain, using lower-resolution climate data (i.e., the fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate ERA5 datasets) as boundary conditions. The quality of the RegCM-SVN simulation was first verified by comparing its simulations with ERA5 for the studied region from 1979 to 2018, and then with the available five WMO weather stations from 2007 to 2018. The dynamical downscaling results proved that RegCM-SVN in its current configuration successfully simulated the observed surface air temperature and wind field. Moreover, RegCM-SVN was proved to provide similar or even better accuracy (during extreme events) than ERA5 in simulating both surface air temperature and wind speed. The simulated annual mean T2m by RegCM-SVN (from 1979 to 2018) was 20.9 °C, with a positive warming trend of 0.44 °C/decade over the study area. Moreover, the annual mean wind speed by RegCM-SVN was 4.17 m/s, demonstrating an annual negative trend of wind speed over 92% of the study area. Surface air temperatures over SEL mostly occurred within the range of 4–31 °C; however, surface wind speed rarely exceeded 10 m/s. During the study period, the seasonal features of T2m showed a general warming trend along the four seasons and showed a wind speed decreasing trend during spring and summer. The results of the RegCM-SVN simulation constitute useful information that could be utilized to fully describe the study area in terms of other atmospheric parameters.

scholarly journals The effect of the total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 on meteorological variables in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 10631-10667 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Founda ◽  
D. Melas ◽  
S. Lykoudis ◽  
I. Lisaridis ◽  
E. Gerasopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Total Solar Eclipse ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Meteorological Model

Abstract. This paper examines the effect of the total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 on meteorological variables across Greece. Integrated micrometeorological measurements were conducted at Kastelorizo, a small island within the path of totality, and other sites within the Greek domain, with various degrees of solar obscuration. The observations showed a dramatic reduction in the incoming global radiation and subsequent, pronounced changes in surface air temperature with the lowest temperature values occurring about 15 min after the full phase. The amplitude of the air temperature drop was not analogous to the obscuration percentage but was principally determined by the surrounding environment (mainly the sea influence), the background meteorological conditions and local cloudiness. Surface wind-speed decreased in most sites as a result of the cooling and stabilization of the atmospheric boundary layer. This perturbation provided a unique opportunity to apply a sensitivity analysis on the effect of the eclipse to the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) numerical mesoscale meteorological model. Strong anomalies, not associated with a dynamic response, were simulated over land especially in surface air temperature. The simulated temperature drop pattern was consistent with the observations.

scholarly journals Influence of SST Anomalies on Winter Turbulent Heat Fluxes in the Eastern Kuroshio–Oyashio Confluence Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (24) ◽  
pp. 9349-9358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusaku Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Confluence Region ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract Variations in the turbulent heat flux (THF; the sum of the sensible and latent heat fluxes) in the eastern Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence region (EKOCR; 36°–40°N, 155°–160°E) were investigated over a period of 27 consecutive winters (December–February) from 1985/86 to 2011/12. The THF was calculated from a bulk formula using daily variables [surface wind speed, surface air specific humidity, surface air temperature, and sea surface temperature (SST)] of the objectively analyzed air–sea fluxes (OAFlux) dataset and bulk coefficients based on the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) bulk flux algorithm 3.0. The winter THF over the EKOCR showed low-frequency variations, with larger THF values in the early 2000s and smaller values in the late 1990s and late 2000s. The heat release in the early 2000s was up to ~40% greater than that in the late 1990s and late 2000s. By performing experiments using combinations of daily raw data values and daily climatological data, the relative contributions of SST, surface air specific humidity, surface air temperature, and surface wind speed were quantitatively assessed in determining the THF over the EKOCR. Results showed that SST predominantly determines the THF: large amounts of heat are released during times of positive SST anomalies. By using Argo float (temperature–salinity) profiles of 2003–12 and a satellite altimetry dataset of 1992–2012, it was found that the warm–salty water transported by an occurrence of the Kuroshio bifurcation was responsible for the generation of positive SST anomalies in the EKOCR.

scholarly journals Dark Warming

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Burt ◽  
David A. Randall ◽  
Mark D. Branson
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract As the Arctic sea ice thins and ultimately disappears in a warming climate, its insulating power decreases. This causes the surface air temperature to approach the temperature of the relatively warm ocean water below the ice. The resulting increases in air temperature, water vapor, and cloudiness lead to an increase in the surface downwelling longwave radiation (DLR), which enables a further thinning of the ice. This positive ice–insulation feedback operates mainly in the autumn and winter. A climate change simulation with the Community Earth System Model shows that, averaged over the year, the increase in Arctic DLR is 3 times stronger than the increase in Arctic absorbed solar radiation at the surface. The warming of the surface air over the Arctic Ocean during fall and winter creates a strong thermal contrast with the colder surrounding continents. Sea level pressure falls over the Arctic Ocean, and the high-latitude circulation reorganizes into a shallow “winter monsoon.” The resulting increase in surface wind speed promotes stronger surface evaporation and higher humidity over portions of the Arctic Ocean, thus reinforcing the ice–insulation feedback.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document