Detecting Noncompliant Behavior in Organizations: How Online Survey Responses and Behaviors Reveal Risk

Does attentiveness matter in survey responses? Do more attentive survey participants give higher quality responses? Using data from a recent online survey that identified inattentive respondents using instructed-response items, we demonstrate that ignoring attentiveness provides a biased portrait of the distribution of critical political attitudes and behavior. We show that this bias occurs in the context of both typical closed-ended questions and in list experiments. Inattentive respondents are common and are more prevalent among the young and less educated. Those who do not pass the trap questions interact with the survey instrument in distinctive ways: they take less time to respond; are more likely to report nonattitudes; and display lower consistency in their reported choices. Inattentiveness does not occur completely at random and failing to properly account for it may lead to inaccurate estimates of the prevalence of key political attitudes and behaviors, of both sensitive and more prosaic nature.

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Pediatric neurosurgery in Asia and Australasia: training and clinical practice

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2020.6.peds20399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

Ronnie E. Baticulon ◽

Michael C. Dewan ◽

Nunthasiri Wittayanakorn ◽

Philipp R. Aldana ◽

Wirginia J. Maixner

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Online Survey ◽

Vascular Malformations ◽

Economic Status ◽

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

Income Group ◽

Fellowship Training ◽

Pediatric Epilepsy ◽

Skill Sets ◽

Survey Responses

OBJECTIVEThere are limited data on the pediatric neurosurgical workforce in Asia and Australasia. The training and clinical practice of pediatric neurosurgeons need to be characterized in order to identify gaps in knowledge and skills, thereby establishing a framework from which to elevate pediatric neurosurgical care in the region.METHODSAn online survey for pediatric neurosurgeons was created in REDCap (Research Electronic Database Capture), collecting demographic information and data on pediatric neurosurgical training and clinical practice. The link to answer the survey was sent to the mailing lists of the Asian Australasian Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery and the Japanese Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, disseminated during the 2019 Asian Australasian Pediatric Neurosurgery Congress, and spread through social media. The survey was open to neurosurgeons who operated on patients ≤ 18 years old in Asian Australasian countries, whether or not they had completed fellowship training in pediatric neurosurgery. Descriptive statistics were computed and tabulated. Data were stratified and compared based on surgeon training and World Bank income group.RESULTSA total of 155 valid survey responses were analyzed, representing neurosurgeons from 21 countries. A total of 107 (69%) considered themselves pediatric neurosurgeons, of whom 66 (43%) had completed pediatric neurosurgery training. Neurosurgeons in East Asia commonly undergo a fellowship in their home countries, whereas the rest train mostly in North America, Europe, and Australia. A majority (89%) had operating privileges, and subspecialty pediatric training usually lasted from 6 months to 2 years. On average, trained pediatric neurosurgeons perform a higher number of pediatric neurosurgical operations per year compared with nonpediatric-trained respondents (131 ± 129 vs 56 ± 64 [mean ± SD], p = 0.0001). The mean number of total neurosurgical operations per year is similar for both groups (184 ± 129 vs 178 ± 142 [mean ± SD], p = 0.80). Respondents expressed the desire to train further in pediatric epilepsy, spasticity, vascular malformations, craniofacial disorders, and brain tumors.CONCLUSIONSBoth pediatric and general neurosurgeons provide neurosurgical care to children in Asia and Australasia. There is a need to increase pediatric neurosurgery fellowship programs in the region. Skill sets and training needs in pediatric neurosurgery vary depending on the country’s economic status and between pediatric-trained and nonpediatric-trained surgeons.

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A Survey of the Non-clinical Benefits of EBVM

Veterinary Evidence ◽

10.18849/ve.v2i3.102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Hauser ◽

Elizabeth L Jackson

Keyword(s):

Employee Engagement ◽

Online Survey ◽

Client Satisfaction ◽

Quantitative Evidence ◽

Journal Clubs ◽

Survey Participation ◽

Clinical Benefits ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Training Opportunities ◽

Intellectual Challenge

Objective: This study aims to add non-clinical benefits to the virtues for adopting Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine (EBVM). The objective is to quantify the commercial benefits of EBVM through an online survey of veterinary professionals, giving clear indications of the key areas of non-clinical benefits of EBVM. Further, the study aims to outline barriers to the wider implementation of EBVM and find preferred ways of overcoming those barriers.Background: A PICO-based literature review (Hauser and Jackson, 2016) found that while there are some papers suggesting a link between the practice of EBVM and better non-clinical benefits such as client satisfaction, a single study, focusing on the non-clinical benefits of EBVM, had yet to be conducted. This study builds on the findings of an exploratory study (Jackson and Hauser, 2017) outlining key areas of non-clinical benefits of EBVM: increased client satisfaction and retention, improved reputation, confidence, as well as employee engagement.Evidentiary value: This online survey of veterinary professionals (n=407) provides evidence for practitioners, universities and other veterinary staff regarding the non-clinical benefits of EBVM, the barriers to a wider adoption of the practice and ways of overcoming those barriers.Methods: The online survey of veterinary professionals was conducted during September – October 2016 and contained 23 questions. Survey participation was voluntary and the data used for analysis were de-identified.Results: The survey responses of 407 veterinary professionals provide quantitative evidence of how EBVM is put into practice, how EBVM is perceived to impact client behaviour and employee engagement, what the barriers are to practising EBVM and how these could be overcome. Key findings are that veterinary professionals are more likely to practise EBVM if they have been taught how to do so at vet school. EBVM is a way to provide value to and build trust with clients. Survey respondents who practise EBVM are more likely to find their workplace inspiring and to be an intellectual challenge and the main barriers to EBVM are: time and access to information. Respondents, especially those who were employees suggested overcoming these barriers through attending journal clubs and other training opportunities.Conclusion: The study provides the view of veterinary professionals on the non-clinical benefits of EBVM, the barriers to wider implementation and ways of overcoming those barriers. Further research is needed to obtain the perspective of clients and more detailed cost effectiveness analyses could shed more light on specific practices of EBVM.Application: Findings are applicable to universities, veterinarians and vet nurses seeking to increase the practice of EBVM. The ultimate beneficiaries are those vets who seek additional non-clinical reasons for the adoption of EBVM in their practice. <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

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Defensive medicine in neurosurgery: the Canadian experience

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2015.6.jns15764 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 124 (5) ◽

pp. 1524-1530 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Timothy R. Smith ◽

M. Maher Hulou ◽

Sandra C. Yan ◽

David J. Cote ◽

Brian V. Nahed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Defensive Medicine ◽

Published Data ◽

Risk Environment ◽

Malpractice Insurance ◽

The Us ◽

Survey Responses ◽

The Impact

OBJECT Recent studies have examined the impact of perceived medicolegal risk and compared how this perception impacts defensive practices within the US. To date, there have been no published data on the practice of defensive medicine among neurosurgeons in Canada. METHODS An online survey containing 44 questions was sent to 170 Canadian neurosurgeons and used to measure Canadian neurosurgeons’ perception of liability risk and their practice of defensive medicine. The survey included questions on the following domains: surgeon demographics, patient characteristics, type of physician practice, surgeon liability profile, policy coverage, defensive behaviors, and perception of the liability environment. Survey responses were analyzed and summarized using counts and percentages. RESULTS A total of 75 neurosurgeons completed the survey, achieving an overall response rate of 44.1%. Over one-third (36.5%) of Canadian neurosurgeons paid less than $5000 for insurance annually. The majority (87%) of Canadian neurosurgeons felt confident with their insurance coverage, and 60% reported that they rarely felt the need to practice defensive medicine. The majority of the respondents reported that the perceived medicolegal risk environment has no bearing on their preferred practice location. Only 1 in 5 respondent Canadian neurosurgeons (21.8%) reported viewing patients as a potential lawsuit. Only 4.9% of respondents would have selected a different career based on current medicolegal risk factors, and only 4.1% view the cost of annual malpractice insurance as a major burden. CONCLUSIONS Canadian neurosurgeons perceive their medicolegal risk environment as more favorable and their patients as less likely to sue than their counterparts in the US do. Overall, Canadian neurosurgeons engage in fewer defensive medical behaviors than previously reported in the US.

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Current practices in clinical neurofeedback with functional MRI—Analysis of a survey using the TIDieR checklist

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elizabeth Randell ◽

Rachel McNamara ◽

Leena Subramanian ◽

Kerenza Hood ◽

David Linden

Keyword(s):

Functional Mri ◽

Online Survey ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Complex Interventions ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Web Based ◽

Study Protocols ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Intervention Description ◽

Standard Terms

AbstractBackgroundA core principle of creating a scientific evidence base is that results can be replicated in independent experiments and in health intervention research. The TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) checklist has been developed to aid in summarising key items needed when reporting clinical trials and other well designed evaluations of complex interventions in order that findings can be replicated or built on reliably. Neurofeedback (NF) using functional MRI (fMRI) is a multicomponent intervention that should be considered a complex intervention. The TIDieR checklist (with minor modification to increase applicability in this context) was distributed to NF researchers as a survey of current practice in the design and conduct of clinical studies. The aim was to document practice and convergence between research groups, highlighting areas for discussion and providing a basis for recommendations for harmonisation and standardisation.MethodsThe TIDieR checklist was interpreted and expanded (21 questions) to make it applicable to neurofeedback research studies. Using the web-based Bristol Online Survey (BOS) tool, the revised checklist was disseminated to researchers in the BRAINTRAIN European research collaborative network (supported by the European Commission) and others in the fMRI-neurofeedback community.ResultsThere were 16 responses to the survey. Responses were reported under eight main headings which covered the six domains of the TIDieR checklist: What, Why, When, How, Where and Who.ConclusionsThis piece of work provides encouraging insight into the ability to be able to map neuroimaging interventions to a structured framework for reporting purposes. Regardless of the considerable variability of design components, all studies could be described in standard terms of diagnostic groups, dose/duration, targeted areas/signals, and psychological strategies and learning models. Recommendations are made which include providing detailed rationale of intervention design in study protocols.

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Interprofessional Pharmacokinetics Simulation: Pharmacy and Nursing Students’ Perceptions

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy6030070 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cheryl Cropp ◽

Jennifer Beall ◽

Ellen Buckner ◽

Frankie Wallis ◽

Amanda Barron

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Student Perceptions ◽

Interprofessional Education ◽

Online Survey ◽

Interprofessional Collaboration ◽

Core Competencies ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Pharmacy Students ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Survey Responses

Interprofessional practice between pharmacists and nurses can involve pharmacokinetic dosing of medications in a hospital setting. This study describes student perceptions of an interprofessional collaboration pharmacokinetics simulation on the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) 2016 Core Competencies. The investigators developed a simulation activity for senior undergraduate nursing and second-year pharmacy students. Nursing and pharmacy students (n = 54, 91 respectively) participated in the simulation using medium-fidelity manikins. Each case represented a pharmacokinetic dosing consult (vancomycin, tobramycin, phenytoin, theophylline, or lidocaine). Nursing students completed head-to-toe assessment and pharmacy students gathered necessary information and calculated empiric and adjusted doses. Students communicated using SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation). Students participated in debrief sessions and completed an IRB-approved online survey. Themes from survey responses revealed meaningful perceptions in all IPEC competencies as well as themes of safety, advocacy, appreciation, and areas for improvement. Students reported learning effectively from the simulation experience. Few studies relate to this type of interprofessional education experience and this study begins to explore student perceptions of interprofessional education (IPE) in a health sciences clinical context through simulation. This real-world application of nursing and pharmacy interprofessional collaboration can positively affect patient-centered outcomes and safety.

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Predicting insufficient effort responding: The relation between negative thoughts, emotions, and online survey responses.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement ◽

10.1037/cbs0000308 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marilyn Ashley ◽

Krystelle Shaughnessy

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Negative Thoughts ◽

Survey Responses

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Changes in Consumer Wellness During the Early Weeks of the Pandemic

Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences ◽

10.14307/jfcs113.3.36 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 36-43

Author(s):

Heejae Lee ◽

Sheri Worthy

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Marital Status ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Health And Wellness ◽

Healthy Behaviors ◽

Lifestyle Choices ◽

And Behaviors

COVID-19 has affected consumers' wellness-related behavior and lifestyle choices. Online survey respondents were asked about changes in their health and wellness perceptions and behaviors—overall wellbeing, diet, physical activity, and sleep—due to the pandemic. Age was related to changes in all four wellness areas, with older respondents experiencing less change than did younger respondents. Race was related to changes in overall well-being, diet, and sleep. Whites and Asians reported less change than did Blacks or Hispanics. Change in sleep was associated with age, race, marital status, and BMI. Educating consumers on healthy behaviors is more important than ever during COVID-19.

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Defining Learning Communities in Undergraduate Medical Education: A National Study

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development ◽

10.1177/2382120519827911 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 238212051982791 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert Shochet ◽

Amy Fleming ◽

James Wagner ◽

Jorie Colbert-Getz ◽

Monica Bhutiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Professional Development ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Medical School ◽

Learning Communities ◽

Online Survey ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

National Study ◽

Program Description ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Longitudinal Relationships

Background: Learning communities (LCs) are intentionally designed groups that are actively engaged in learning with and from each other. While gaining prominence in US medical schools, LCs show significant variability in their characteristics across institutions, creating uncertainty about how best to measure their effects. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of medical school LCs by primary purpose, structures, and processes and lay the groundwork for future outcome studies and benchmarking for best practices. Methods: Medical school LC directors from programs affiliated with the Learning Communities Institute (LCI) were sent an online survey of program demographics and activities, and asked to upload a program description or summary of the LC’s purpose, goals, and how it functions. Descriptive statistics were computed for survey responses and a qualitative content analysis was performed on program descriptions by 3 authors to identify and categorize emergent themes. Results: Of 28 medical school LCs surveyed, 96% (27) responded, and 25 (89%) provided program descriptions for qualitative content analysis. All programs reported longitudinal relationships between students and faculty. Most frequently cited objectives were advising or mentoring (100%), professional development (96%), courses (96%), social activities (85%), and wellness (82%). Primary purpose themes were supporting students’ professional development, fostering a sense of community, and creating a sense of wholeness. Structures included a community framework, subdivisions into smaller units, and governance by faculty and students. Process themes included longitudinal relationships, integrating faculty roles, and connecting students across class years. Conclusions: Medical school LCs represent a collection of high-impact educational practices characterized by community and small-group structures, relational continuity, and collaborative learning as a means to guide and holistically support students in their learning and development as physicians. In describing 27 medical school LCs, this study proposes a unifying framework to facilitate future educational outcomes studies across institutions.

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The New Zealand podiatry profession – a workforce in crisis?

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research ◽

10.1186/s13047-020-00430-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Carroll ◽

Hannah Jepson ◽

Prue Molyneux ◽

Angela Brenton-Rule

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

New Zealand ◽

Private Practice ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Online Survey ◽

Health Sector ◽

New Graduates ◽

The North ◽

New Graduate ◽

Survey Responses

Abstract Background This is the first study to explore workforce data from the Podiatrists Board of New Zealand. The study analysed data from an online survey which New Zealand podiatrists complete as part of their application for an Annual Practising Certificate. Methods Survey responses between 2015 and 2019 were analysed. Data was related to work setting, employment status, work hours, location, professional affiliations, and number of graduates entering practice. Survey data was downloaded by a second party who provide data security for the Podiatrists Board of New Zealand workforce data. All data supplied for analysis were deidentified and could not be re-linked to an individual practitioner. Results In 2019 there were 430 podiatrists who held an Annual Practising Certificate. Eighty percent of podiatrists who work in New Zealand are in private practice, with 8% employed in the public health sector. Podiatrist’s work is a mix of general podiatry, diabetes care and sports medicine. The majority are self-employed (40%) or business owners (19%). Approximately 40% work between 31 to 40 h per week and 46 to 50 weeks per year. The majority are female (67%) with most practising in the North Island (69%) and located in the Auckland region (33%). On average 76% of new graduates were issued an Annual Practising Certificate between 2015 and 2019. Conclusion The New Zealand podiatry profession is small and growing at a slow rate, consequently there is evidence of a workforce shortage. To maintain a per-capita ratio of podiatrists approximate to Australia and the United Kingdom an additional 578 podiatrists are required in the New Zealand workforce. There are not enough new graduate practitioners entering the workforce and once practising, the majority enter private practice in the face of limited public health employment opportunities.

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