When I grow up... Understanding the motivations that individuals have for pursuing a career in tax

Often seen as a specialization, the motivation to pursue a career in tax is not well understood, compared to the broader disciplines of law and accounting. Relying on an initial set of exploratory interviews with 38 professionals, this study examines why individuals have decided to pursue careers as tax practitioners. A survey more systematically investigated the motivations, revealing that the qualitative nature of tax work, including the intellectual challenge, is the strongest motivator, regardless of professional background. Overall, intrinsic reasons dominate over more external motivations, and the survey results are largely consistent and convergent with the interview findings. The study contributes to the understanding of the factors that influence individuals to both enter and remain in a very specialized field, which has hereto received limited direct attention. The results should be of interest to students considering a career in tax, as well as those in charge of educating and recruiting future tax practitioners.

Faith development of high school students: Literature study

Spirituality and religiosity can be assets for adolescent development. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of faith that occurs in adolescents. This research is a literature study, where the data required in this study were obtained through analysis of various literature. The results of the study can be explained that adolescents who are at the high school education level and aged 14-18 years are at level 3, namely synthetic-conventional faith. In this case, adolescents begin to develop formal operational thinking and begin to integrate learned faith values into a more rational faith system. For adolescents, this is an intellectual challenge to be able to become a foundation for understanding faith that will continue to develop in developing an understanding of faith in the future. This result implies the importance of guidance and counselling teachers to develop guidance and counselling programs that aim to help students achieve age-appropriate religious development.

Educating Strategic Leaders

This chapter revisits the thinking of the U.S. militaries' late 20th century air power theorists Colonels John Boyd and John Warden and recent experiences and learning about 'small wars' and counter insurgency. The author notes that while there are some similarities in the two colonels' central ideas about overwhelming the enemy neither one had made much of a study of small wars both claimed, however, that their ideas could be applied to any size of conflict. The author shows that the use of kinetic air power may not work in what is currently called Irregular Warfare and that discerning if and how to use it is an "intellectual challenge &quotmore so than one of having the best technologies. The author further points out that because Irregular Warfare does not align easily with staff and war college curricula on classic air power there is ironically very little 'irregular' curriculum.

Word Havens: Reading One’s Way out of Trauma in Contemporary Fiction

Prompted by the attention received in recent years by the collateral benefits of reading and the growing prominence of bibliotherapy in the literary marketplace, this paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of books as they emerge from the experience of fictional characters, a perhaps less scientifically sound endeavour than empirical studies and clinical trials targeting real-life readers but one likely to occasion interesting perspectives on reading as a coping mechanism in the face of trauma. By focusing on a variety of reading experiences gleaned from a selection of novels ranging from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein to William Styron’s Sophie’s Choice, Graham Swift’s Waterland, Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient, Azar Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief, Lloyd Jones’ Mister Pip and Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows’ The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society and targeting acts of solitary communion with narrative as well as illicit seminars, informal book clubs and impromptu public readings, the analysis intends to highlight the extent to which literature can provide more than a mere pastime or intellectual challenge to its most vulnerable readers. Whether such benefits entail a sense of community, a temporary shelter from the hardships of war, a reprieve from the abuses of a totalitarian government or sanctuary from the less brutal but nevertheless haunting scars of broken relationships, parental disapproval or social rejection, the ultimate goal is to identify and assess the various survival strategies employed within these fictional universes. The

ALEKSANDER GIEYSZTOR, THE FIRST DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL CASTLE IN WARSAW

Aleksander Gieysztor (1916–1999) was unquestionably one of the most outstanding representatives of the Polish humanities in the 20th century. He considered himself a historian, and his basic workplace was the Historical Institute of the University of Warsaw, while his research focused around mediaeval culture. He became a museum professional slightly against his own will, in the last decades of his career, when taking on the position of the Director of the rebuilt Royal Castle in Warsaw. Despite thinking of himself as a historian, Gieysztor was well prepared to exert the function, since he had always been extremely interested in artistic sources, as important and clear as a historiographer’s narrative or a chronicler’s note. Not only did numerous publications testify to his interest, but he also formulated the programme of the Team for the Research into the Beginnings of the Polish State, which he headed in 1948–1955. Owing to its historical and symbolical significance, the Warsaw Castle took an important position in Gieysztor’s career. He was by Stanisław Lorentz’s side from the very beginning, supporting him in his efforts to have the Castle rebuilt, the project neglected by Poland’s Communist authorities. Having become member of the Civil Committee for Rebuilding the Royal Castle, Gieysztor headed its Archaeological-Historical section. From 1973 he became member of the so-called Castle Curator Board: a team which collegially managed the Castle. Esthetical sensitivity and artistic erudition, as well as a thorough knowledge of old-Polish culture provided Gieysztor with an excellent background to fit with the group of scholars decisive for the shape and educational programme of the reconstructed Castle; later, individually, they allowed him to find satisfaction in the role of the Director heading its furbishing. Gieysztor acknowledged this project to have been his greatest intellectual challenge in the last decades of his academic career. However, he regarded it as his duty: service to society longing for symbols to shape its historical identity.

PANGGILAN KRISTIANI, GEREJA, FILSAFAT DAN PANCASILA

In this paper the author reflects on the vocation of Catholic places for the study of philosophy and theology. Believing the gospel, Christians are called to give witness to its redeeming power. But almost from the very beginning Christians felt the need to understand what they believe. From this need rose theology and philosophy. Protestantism, enlightenment and secularism posed new challenges. Aware of them the Catholic Church, since the Council of Trent, obliges her priests to study philosophy and theology. The author then suggests that not only future priests, but also religious sisters, brothers and lay people should get a solid philosophical and theological formation. Our teaching of philosophy should be open also to non-Catholics and non-Christians. Our philosophical and theological institutions must not be inward looking, but enter into the intellectual discourse of the whole society. Turning to Indonesia the author shows that state philosophy Pancasila poses an intellectual challenge for Catholic philosophers they should take up. As a closing note the author points to new challenges the Catholic Church faces after the Second Vatican Council. Indonesian Catholic philosophers and theologians should take an active part in facing them.