Women’s Business Centers in the United States: Effective Entrepreneurship Training and Policy Implementation

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Langowitz ◽  
Norean Sharpe ◽  
Mary Godwyn
1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla M. Regan

ABSTRACTThis article examines how issues of policy implementation affected the formulation and adoption of personal information policies in the United States and Britain. The analysis suggests that when implementation questions are raised during policy formulation, programmatic goals will be compromised to the interests bureaucracies have in implementation. In this case, the goal of protecting the privacy of personal information was sacrified to an implementation framework that protected bureaucratic needs. This poses a dilemma for policy analysts: when implementation questions are left unresolved in policy design, bureaucratic concerns dominate the implementation stage; yet, when implementation questions are resolved in policy design, bureaucratic concerns dominate the formulation stage.


1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (0) ◽  
pp. 21-53
Author(s):  
Sung Mo Choi

Recently, academics have begun to explore the area of comparative policy implementation, Subsequently, two research trends have developed. One trend compares the differences and similarities of the policy implementation process of the United States and European countries. The other has focused on the study of policy implementation in a single developing country.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda L Russell ◽  
Nicholas Pappas

Very little is known about officer-involved domestic violence (OIDV). Although the International Association for Chiefs of Police has developed model policies about OIDV, the extent to which agencies adopted these policies across the United States remains unclear. Similarly, research on and attention to OIDV have diminished substantially since the 1990s. Officer training on OIDV is also rare, but pilot studies examining the use of new curriculum show promise. Yet, there is so much more to be done. This article reviews research and policy on OIDV and seeks to provide motivation for uniformity of policy implementation and officer response to OIDV, calling for transparency via research and reporting.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Dian Naren Budi Prastiti

Tulisan ini membahas kebijakan Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) yang diterapkan oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap negara-negara yang melakukan pembelanjaan militer dengan Rusia, Iran, dan Korea Utara. Kebijakan CAATSA yang berbentuk sanksi embargo ini penting untuk ditelaah melalui berbagai perspektif ilmiah karena merupakan kebijakan sanksi ekonomi pertama Amerika yang diterapkan secara kolektif. Berbeda dengan sanksi embargo sebelumnya yang diaplikasikan secara personal terhadap suatu negara dengan alasan tertentu, CAATSA ditujukan terhadap semua negara kendati pada kenyataannya terdapat pengecualian. Meskipun penelitian mengenai CAATSA ini tidak banyak dilakukan, namun demikian sebagian besar kajian terdahulu lebih banyak melihat dengan sudut pandang hubungan Amerika-India, hukum penegakan sanksi embargo, proses pembuatan kebijakan Amerika, serta dampak ekonomi dari adanya sanksi embargo. Dengan menggunakan sudut pandang diplomasi koersif sebagai kerangka analisis, tulisan ini membingkai kegagalan pelaksanaan kebijakan CAATSA terhadap India. Argumen utama dalam tulisan ini adalah kebijakan sanksi embargo ekonomi tidak bisa diterapkan secara kolektif karena akan bertabrakan dengan kepentingan lain yang lebih besar, serta membuat penerapan menjadi tidak efektif karena adanya pengecualian terhadap beberapa negara.Kata kunci: CAATSA, Diplomasi Koersif, IndiaThis paper discusses the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) policy applied by the United States to countries that do military dealing with Russia, Iran and North Korea. CAATSA's policy in the form of an embargo sanction is important to be explored through various scientific perspectives because it is the first American economic sanction policy that is applied collectively. Unlike the previous embargo sanctions that were applied personally to a country for certain reasons, CAATSA was aimed at all countries despite the fact that there were exceptions. Although research on CAATSA is scarce, however, most of the previous studies looked more in view of American-Indian relations, law enforcement of embargo sanctions, American policy-making processes, and the economic impact of sanctions on embargoes. Using the perspective of coercive diplomacy as an analytical framework, this paper framed the failure of CAATSA's policy implementation towards India. The main argument in this paper is that the policy of sanctioning the economic embargo cannot be applied collectively because it will collide with other larger interests, and make the application ineffective because of the exception of several countries.Keyword: CAATSA, Coercive Diplomacy, India


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Mehlman-Orozco

Current social and political realties have focused attention on human trafficking in the United States. Although new mechanisms for criminalizing offenders and protecting victims are increasingly funded and implemented across the country, empirical exploration into the efficacy of these interventions is lacking. This article uses yearly count data on juvenile prostitution arrests aggregated at the state level to explore the criminalization of commercial sexually exploited children post safe harbor policy implementation. Preliminary data from four states suggests that the passage of safe harbor laws may not reduce the number of juveniles arrested for prostitution crimes. Implications for future research are discussed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA MOORE

AbstractIn 2012, the flutist Claire Chase, founder of the International Contemporary Ensemble, received a MacArthur Award for her work as an “arts entrepreneur and flutist.” The award's emphasis on Chase's entrepreneurship reflects the growing demand among classical musicians, educators, and critics for self-driven musical projects, promoted as an engine of classical music's concert culture and as crucial to its renewal in the United States. Entrepreneurship curricula are now in place at almost every music school in the country.In this article, I offer a critique of the increasingly institutionalized push for musical entrepreneurship, demonstrating that it is rooted in the discourse and ideals of neoliberalism. Drawing on scholarship by economist Guy Standing and political theorist Wendy Brown, I analyze the discourse supporting musical entrepreneurship training, demonstrating the ways it advances neoliberal values through the association of “freedom” and “innovation” with the dismantling of collectivity and valorization of precarious labor structures. This discourse produces an expectation of radical self-sufficiency throughout U.S. society, across multiple economic sectors and including non-economic areas of life. I argue that musical entrepreneurship training serves not as a progressive alternative to other forms of musical career building, but instead habituates musicians to precariousness and insecurity through its rhetoric and institutional endorsement.


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