Analyzing the Determinants of Trade Agreements: A Cross Country Socio-Economic-Political Analysis

The recent perspective article "How Neoliberalism Is Shaping the Supply of Unhealthy Commodities and What This Means for NCD Prevention," by Lencucha and Throw, interrogates how the dominant neoliberal paradigm restricts meaningful policy action to prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It contributes an NCD perspective to the existing literature on neoliberalism and health, which to date has been dominated by a focus on HIV, gender and trade agreements. It further advances the emerging commercial determinants of health (CDoH) scholarship by calling for more nuanced analysis of how the governance of both health and the economy facilitates corporate influence in policy-making. In political science terms, Lencucha and Throw are calling for greater structural analysis. However, their focus on the pragmatic, as opposed to political, aspects of neoliberalism reflects a hesitancy within health scholarship to engage in political analysis. This depoliticization of health serves neoliberal interests by delegitimizing critical questions about who sustains and benefits from current institutional norms. Lencucha and Throw’s call for greater interrogation of the structures of neoliberalism forms a basis from which to advance analysis of the political determinants of health.

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Do Regional Trade Agreements Enhance International Tourism Flows? Evidence from a Cross-Country Analysis

Journal of Travel Research ◽

10.1177/00472875211028321 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004728752110283

Author(s):

Usman Khalid ◽

Luke Emeka Okafor ◽

Katarzyna Burzynska

Keyword(s):

Economic Integration ◽

Gravity Data ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Regional Trade Agreements ◽

International Tourism ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Regional Trade ◽

Data Set ◽

Cross Country ◽

Tourism Flows

This study investigates the effect of regional trade agreements (RTAs)—including preferential and free trade agreements, customs unions, and common markets—on bilateral tourism flows. We explore these effects using a panel gravity data set of 163 destination countries, 171 source countries, and 13,589 country-pairs from 1995 to 2015. This is the first large cross-country study to undertake such an integrated analysis using the gravity framework. Results show that all types of RTAs have a positive and significant effect on bilateral tourism flows. The overall indicator of RTAs that captures the combined effect of all types of RTAs on bilateral tourism flows is also positive and significant, on average, as well as when different regions are separately evaluated. These findings underscore the importance of strong economic integration in fostering international tourism flows. Policies aimed at improving a country’s economic integration with other countries can help promote international tourism flows.

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Free Trade Agreements with Cross-Country Fixed Geo-Political Constraints

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2351277 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Genoveva Elena Perju

Keyword(s):

Free Trade ◽

Free Trade Agreements ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Political Constraints ◽

Cross Country

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The cost of non-Europe, revisited*

Economic Policy ◽

10.1093/epolic/eiz002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (98) ◽

pp. 145-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thierry Mayer ◽

Vincent Vicard ◽

Soledad Zignago

Keyword(s):

Trade Agreements ◽

Trade Creation ◽

The European Union ◽

Welfare Gains ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Country Differences ◽

Cross Country ◽

Cascade Effects ◽

The Cost ◽

The Eu

Summary In this paper, we quantify the “Cost of Non-Europe”, that is, the trade-related welfare gains each country member has reaped from the European Union (EU). Thirty years after the terminology of Non-Europe was used to give estimates of the gains from further integration, we use modern versions of the gravity model to estimate the trade creation implied by the EU, and apply those to counterfactual exercises where for instance the EU returns to a “normal,” shallow-type regional agreement, or reverts to WTO rules. Those scenarios are envisioned with or without the exit of the United Kingdom from the EU (Brexit) happening, which points to interesting cross-country differences and potential cascade effects in doing and undoing of trade agreements.

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Globalization minus One: The Emerging Contours of a New Global Economic Order

Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development ISSN 2394-3378 ◽

10.19085/journal.sijmd041201 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

M S S El Namaki

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Open Economy ◽

Global Economy ◽

World Economy ◽

Free Market ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

The United States ◽

International Trade Agreements ◽

Cross Country ◽

New Framework

Disruption induces disequilibrium. Today’s global economy is the case in point. Powerful sources of disruption are undermining classic premises of global economic equilibrium and, in the process, changing the contours of the World economy. Long cherished globalization premises of free market, open economy, small government, private initiative and deregulation are being challenged. Sources of this challenge are numerous but the most striking is the recent rapid and abrupt USA reclusive and isolationist measures. The United States, the key global economic player, is assuming a protective posture by introducing tariff barriers, annulling international trade agreements, promoting self-serving job creation slogans and hastily recalling industries and services. And all this is uttering threats of crude retaliation. National interest seems to have taken precedence over cross country gains. And others seem to be working on a new framework: globalization minus one. A globalization that is based on new premises and involves the majority of global economic players but one: the United States. This will be the focus of the following article.

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