Social Norms, Yard Care, and the Difference between Front and Back Yard Management: Examining the Landscape Mullets Concept on Urban Residential Lands

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter H. Locke ◽  
Rinku Roy Chowdhury ◽  
J. Morgan Grove ◽  
Deborah G. Martin ◽  
Eli Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yard Care

Parental leave length, social norms, and female labor market re-entry frictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Bartoš ◽  
Barbara Pertold-Gebicka
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Job Applicant ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of employers in creating employment gaps among women returning to the labor market after parental leaves of different durations. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a controlled correspondence field experiment that orthogonally manipulates parental leave length and the quality of fictitious female job candidates. The experiment is complemented with a survey among human resource managers. Findings High-quality candidates receive more interview invitations when applying after a short parental leave, while low-quality (LQ) candidates receive more interview invitations when applying after a typical three years long parental leave. Survey results suggest that the difference in invitations between short and typical leave treatments is driven by a social norm that mothers should stay home with children younger than three. Productivity gains from employing a LQ job applicant with a shorter career break might not be high enough to outweigh the adverse social norm effect. Social implications The presented results point toward the strong effect of prevailing social norms on job search prospects of women returning to the labor market after parental leave. Originality/value A correspondence experiment has not been used before to study the relationship between time spent on leave and the labor market prospects of mothers. It also extends research on social norms to the domain of hiring decisions.

scholarly journals Between Sicilia and Lombardy: Relation between trust, civil norms and social participation among citizens of Serbia

Sociologija ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Stanojevic ◽  
Dragana Stokanic
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Informal Support ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The one of the key precondition of social and political participation of citizens is their interpersonal and institutional trust. In order to avoid the increase of individual atomization and/or excessively rise of informal support networks, institutional organizations are crucial. For that reason, it is necessary to exist certain level of trust in institutional arrangements. This paper will be focused on widely used concept of social capital for analysis of interaction between trust, social norms and participation. Concerning participation, in this paper the difference between ?generalized? trust in public institutions and ?specific?, personalized trust in people is explained. This situation of low trust in people and institutions which are interlinked and create general atmosphere of distrust is present in post-socialist societies, such as Serbia. Firstly, the aim of this paper is to show level of participation in different organizations and the trust of citizens of Serbia in political institutions, as well as trust in people in general. Additionally, the acceptance of civil norms will be presented. Secondly, it will be analyzed in what extant formal organizations contribute to the trust creation and the acceptance of social norms as forms of universal values which are necessary for basic social consensus and solidarity. Also, it will be presented the relation between trust in certain institutions and organizations and the acceptance of civil norms. In order to achieve these goals, it will be used quantitative analysis and databases World Values Survey, fifth wave conducted from 2005 to 2007.

scholarly journals Skolans statliga uppdrag

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Berg
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Liberal Education ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Swedish Society ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree

What tasks constitute the basis of the mission that the school as an institution is expected to fulfill in the Swedish society? In this article, I attempt to problematize that question. Few would oppose the notion that the school’s mission includes passing on knowledge as well as social norms. But what kind of knowledge should be put first in the day-to-day activities, and which social norms can and should be given priority? I argue that the school’s mission can be divided into two basic categories, here labeled competence development and cultural reproduction. The aim of the former is to educate the students with present and future societal needs in mind, focusing on growth ­– i.e. preparing the future labor force, taking macroeconomic and production factors into account. The task of cultural reproduction, on the other hand, is based on the notion of liberal education, where the aim is to reproduce societal values such as cultural heritage, democracy and citizenship. The difference between these two categories and their respective goals creates a number of tensions, resulting in a high degree of complexity in the daily school activities. Nevertheless, there are areas where the two categories at least partly intersect, meaning that the possibility of reaching a consensus does exist.

Laughing at Eros and Aphrodite: Sexual Inversion and its Resolution in the Classicising Arts of Medieval Byzantium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Cultural Authority ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Romance Narratives

The social and cultural authority that images exercised in medieval Byzantium derived in part from their consistent observance of established traditions of representation. As a result of this tendency toward recognisable types, when an intentional departure from visual conventions was introduced, Byzantine viewers could be expected to notice the difference and wonder about the intentions behind it. This chapter explores how Graeco-Roman mythological and romance narratives offered opportunities for the engineering of amusing imagery through strategies of inversion and exaggeration. It focuses especially on how this up-ending of visual conventions served to disrupt the expected order of gender relations. The chapter shows how the programmes of middle Byzantine works of classicising art used humour initially to destabilize – but ultimately to reaffirm -- social norms surrounding female sexuality.

scholarly journals Voluntary or Forced: Different Effects of Personal and Social Norms on Urban Residents’ Environmental Protection Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3525
Author(s):  
Guanglin Bai ◽  
Yun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It is well known that environmental protection behaviors are influenced by both individual internal motivation and external environmental pressure, but few studies have looked at the two kinds of factors together. In order to study the influence mechanism of these two kinds of factors on the environmental protection behavior of urban residents, especially the difference between these two kinds of factors, we take personal norms and social norms as independent variables into the theoretical model. Results based on survey data of 731 urban residents revealed that personal norms and social norms both are positively associated with environmental protection behavior. Moreover, environmental protection willingness was found to mediate the relationship of personal and social norms with environmental protection behavior. We also found that the direct and indirect influences of personal norms on environmental protection behavior are greater than that of social norms. Further, the study revealed that cost consciousness moderates the relationship between personal norms, environmental protection willingness, and environmental protection behavior. Our results suggest that personal norms have a greater impact on environmental protection behavior than social norms. Therefore, we need to make greater efforts to promote environmental education and cultivate young people’s sense of environmental responsibility from an early age. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain appropriate environmental pressure and reduce the environmental cost in the daily life of residents.

The Radical Demand in Løgstrup's Ethics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stern
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stephen Darwall ◽  
Ethical Demand

This book focuses on the ethics of the Danish philosopher and theologian K. E. Løgstrup (1905–81), and in particular on his key text The Ethical Demand (1956). The first part of the book provides a commentary on The Ethical Demand. The second part contains chapters on Løgstrup as a natural law theorist; his critique of Kant and Kierkegaard; his relation to Levinas; the difference between his position and the second-person ethics of Stephen Darwall; and the role of Luther in Løgstrup’s thinking. Overall, it is argued that Løgstrup rejects accounts of ethical obligation based on the commands of God, or on abstract principles governing practical reason, or on social norms; instead he develops a different picture, at the basis of which is our interdependence, which he argues gives his ethics a grounding in the nature of life itself. The book claims that Løgstrup offers a distinctive and attractive account of our moral obligation to others, which fits into the natural law tradition.

On the translation of Japanese politeness into Cantonese

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-305
Author(s):  
Pei Chun Shih
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Address Terms ◽  
Group Member

Abstract This paper utilizes the reconstructive nature of translation to examine how formal (neutral and honorific) and plain forms of Japanese are represented in Cantonese dubbing with the aim of exploring some common politeness features of Cantonese that the translator adopts in order to compensate for the difference between the two languages. Address terms that do not exist in the Japanese original, for example deferential terms and kinship terms, are inserted in Cantonese dubbing to represent different speech levels of Japanese. This paper further argues that such inserted address terms help to realize politeness by either recognizing the superior status of addressees or by including an addressee as an in-group member. Some cases of insertions also suggest strategic adoption of address terms in Cantonese. In addition to observing social norms and addressing each other appropriately, Cantonese speakers can also exploit address terms strategically to achieve specific pragmatic goals.

Shame as an anthropological, historical and social emotion

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Veronika Magyar-Haas
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Cultural Relativity ◽  
Social Emotion ◽  
The Difference

In her chapter Veronika Magyar-Haas shows that in an anthropological point of view the possibility of the experience of the self in two modes – as a subject and an object, and so the difference between the ‘I’ and ‘Me’ – serves as a structural condition of feeling ashamed. Even if shame in this sense can be defined as a universal human feeling, the historical and cultural relativity of this phenomenon is to be taken into account. The author argues that in shameful situations subjects become objects for others and for themselves, too. She points out that by analysing shame, the existential difference of the self can be presumed – but the sources of shame as well as its intensity and forms of appearance are historically, culturally, and socially varying. It will be argued that in the emotion of shame the self reveals itself as a vulnerable self, which is in various relationships to others and to social norms. With reference to neoliberal expectations and ‘workfare programs’, the chapter illustrates to what extent they generate shame among service users and how shame can be seen as a reproduction of power.

scholarly journals Can you feel the difference? Emotions as an analytical lens

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Positioning ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Geographies ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Against the background of emotional geographies, I analyse negotiations of belonging and experiences of difference. Emotions serve as the analytical lens through which these negotiations and experiences are analysed. Based on this notion, I will analyse migrants' accounts with respect to their emotional qualities and spatial articulations. In particular, I will focus on emotional accounts, such as childhood stories and other biographical stories, which are spatially situated. The emotional focus serves thereby as a lens to capture migrants' identification with the social norms and values inscribed and mediated through these spaces. These emotional accounts help us to understand complex stories about social positioning along different axes of difference, complex ways of identification, and resistance to social role models.

scholarly journals Negative Economic Shocks and the Compliance to Social Norms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bogliacino ◽  
Rafael Alberto Charris ◽  
Camilo Ernesto Gómez ◽  
Felipe Montealegre
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Random Shock ◽  
Conditional Preference ◽  
Group Belief ◽  
Economic Shock ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Pro Social Behavior

This paper is about why suffering a Negative Economic Shock, i.e. a large loss, may trigger a change in behavior. We conjecture that people trade off a concern for money with a conditional preference to follow social norms, and that suffering a shock makes the first motivation more salient, leading to more norm violation. We study this question experimentally: After administering losses on the earnings from a Real Effort Task, we elicit decisions in set of pro-social and anti-social settings. To derive our predictions, we elicit social norms separately from behavior. We find that a shock increases deviations from norms in antisocial settings — more subjects cheat, steal, and avoid retaliation, with changes that are economically large. This is in line with our prediction. The effect on trust and cooperation is instead more ambiguous. Finally, we conducted an additional experiment to study the difference between an intentional shock and a random shock in a trust game. We found that the two induce partially different effects and that victims of intentional losses are more sensible to the in-group belief. This may explain why part of the literature studying shocks in natural settings found an increase in pro-social behavior, contrary to our prediction.

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