Low genetic diversity in the vulnerable Goitred Gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa (Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae), in Iran: potential genetic consequence of recent population declines

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasoul Khosravi ◽  
Mansoureh Malekian ◽  
Mahmoud-Reza Hemami ◽  
Teresa Luísa Silva ◽  
José Carlos Brito
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Genetic Consequence ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gazella Subgutturosa ◽  
Goitred Gazelle

scholarly journals Low genetic diversity indicating the threatened status of Rhizophora apiculata (Rhizophoraceae) in Malaysia: declined evolution meets habitat destruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Azman ◽  
Kevin-Kit-Siong Ng ◽  
Chin-Hong Ng ◽  
Chai-Ting Lee ◽  
Lee-Hong Tnah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity

Abstract Worldwide, many mangrove species are experiencing significant population declines, including Rhizophora apiculata, which is one of the most widespread and economically important species in tropical Asia. In Malaysia, there has been an alarming decline in R. apiculata populations driven primarily by anthropogenic activities. However, the lack of genetic and demographic information on this species has hampered local efforts to conserve it. To address these gaps, we generated novel genetic information for R. apiculata, based on 1,120 samples collected from 39 natural populations in Peninsular Malaysia. We investigated its genetic diversity and genetic structure with 19 transcriptome and three nuclear microsatellite markers. Our analyses revealed a low genetic diversity (mean He: 0.352) with significant genetic differentiation (FST: 0.315) among populations of R. apiculata. Approximately two-third of the populations showed significant excess of homozygotes, indicating persistent inbreeding which might be due to the decrease in population size or fragmentation. From the cluster analyses, the populations investigated were divided into two distinct clusters, comprising the west and east coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. The western cluster was further divided into two sub-clusters with one of the sub-clusters showing strong admixture pattern that harbours high levels of genetic diversity, thus deserving high priority for conservation.

scholarly journals Demographic decline and lineage-specific adaptations characterize New Zealand kiwi

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1965) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan B. Bemmels ◽  
Else K. Mikkelsen ◽  
Oliver Haddrath ◽  
Rogan M. Colbourne ◽  
Hugh A. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Fragmented Populations ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity

Small and fragmented populations may become rapidly differentiated due to genetic drift, making it difficult to distinguish whether neutral genetic structure is a signature of recent demographic events, or of long-term evolutionary processes that could have allowed populations to adaptively diverge. We sequenced 52 whole genomes to examine Holocene demographic history and patterns of adaptation in kiwi ( Apteryx ), and recovered 11 strongly differentiated genetic clusters corresponding to previously recognized lineages. Demographic models suggest that all 11 lineages experienced dramatic population crashes relative to early- or mid-Holocene levels. Small population size is associated with low genetic diversity and elevated genetic differentiation ( F ST ), suggesting that population declines have strengthened genetic structure and led to the loss of genetic diversity. However, population size is not correlated with inbreeding rates. Eight lineages show signatures of lineage-specific selective sweeps (284 sweeps total) that are unlikely to have been caused by demographic stochasticity. Overall, these results suggest that despite strong genetic drift associated with recent bottlenecks, most kiwi lineages possess unique adaptations and should be recognized as separate adaptive units in conservation contexts. Our work highlights how whole-genome datasets can address longstanding uncertainty about the evolutionary and conservation significance of small and fragmented populations of threatened species.

scholarly journals Unexpectedly high genetic diversity in a rare and endangered seabird in the Hawaiian Archipelago

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen C. Antaky ◽  
Emily E. Conklin ◽  
Robert J. Toonen ◽  
Ingrid S.S. Knapp ◽  
Melissa R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Avian Order ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Seabirds in the order of Procellariiformes have one of the highest proportions of threatened species of any avian order. Species undergoing recovery may be predicted to have a genetic signature of a bottleneck, low genetic diversity, or higher rates of inbreeding. The Hawaiian Band-rumped Storm Petrel (‘Akē‘akē; Hydrobates castro), a long-lived philopatric seabird, suffered massive population declines resulting in its listing under the Endangered Species Act in 2016 as federally Endangered. We used high-throughput sequencing to assess patterns of genetic diversity and potential for inbreeding in remaining populations in the Hawaiian Islands. We compared a total of 24 individuals, including both historical and modern samples, collected from breeding colonies or downed individuals found on the islands of Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawai‘i. Genetic analyses revealed little differentiation between breeding colonies on Kaua‘i and the Big Island colonies. Although small sample sizes limit inferences regarding other island colonies, downed individuals from O‘ahu and Maui did not assign to known breeding colonies, suggesting the existence of an additional distinct breeding population. The maintenance of genetic diversity in future generations is an important consideration for conservation management. This study provides a baseline of population structure for the remaining nesting colonies that could inform potential translocations of the Endangered H. castro.

Genetic signature of disease epizootic and reintroduction history in an endangered carnivore

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-789
Author(s):  
Payton Phillips ◽  
Travis M Livieri ◽  
Bradley J Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Mustela Nigripes ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Abstract Emerging infectious diseases have recently increased in wildlife and can result in population declines and the loss of genetic diversity in susceptible populations. As populations of impacted species decline, genetic diversity can be lost, with ramifications including reduced effective population size and increased population structuring. For species of conservation concern, which may already have low genetic diversity, the loss of genetic diversity can be especially important. To investigate the impacts of a novel pathogen on genetic diversity in a genetically depauperate endangered species, we assessed the ramifications of a sylvatic plague-induced bottleneck in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Following a plague epizootic, we genotyped 184 ferrets from Conata Basin and Badlands National Park, South Dakota, at seven microsatellite loci. We compared our results to pre-plague studies in the same population. We observed population substructuring into three genetic clusters. These clusters reflect founder effects from ferret reintroduction events followed by genetic drift. Compared to the pre-plague population, we observed losses of allelic diversity in all clusters, as well as significantly reduced heterozygosity in one cluster. These results indicate that disease epizootics may reduce population size and also genetic diversity. Our results suggest the importance of early and sustained management in mitigating disease epizootics in naïve populations for the maintenance of genetic diversity.

The Response to Past Climate Perturbations Explains Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Genome of an Abundant Ice-Age Remnant, the Alpine Marmot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni I. Gossmann​ ◽  
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram​ ◽  
Stefan Börno ◽  
Ludovic Duvaux ◽  
Christophe Lemaire​ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Alpine Marmot

Season of birth interacts with measures of inbreeding in multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees: evidence from genetic isolates in Daghestan

Open Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
Kazima Bulayeva ◽  
John McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Isolates

AbstractWhile the season-of-birth effect is one of the most consistent epidemiological features of schizophrenia, there is a lack of consistency with respect to the interaction between season of birth and family history of schizophrenia. Apart from family history, measures related to consanguinity can be used as proxy markers of genomic heterogeneity. Thus, these measures may provide an alternate, indirect index of genetic susceptibility. We had the opportunity to explore the interaction between season of birth and measure of consanguinity in well-described genetic isolates in Daghestan, some of which are known for their relatively high prevalence of schizophrenia. Our previous population-genetic study showed Daghestan has an extremely high genetic diversity between the ethnic populations and a low genetic diversity within them. The isolates selected for this study include some with more than 200 and some with less than 100 generations of demographical history since their founding. Based on pedigrees of multiply-affected families, we found that among individuals with schizophrenia, the measure of consanguinity was significantly higher in the parents of those born in winter/spring compared to those born in summer/autumn. Furthermore, compared to summer/autumn born, winter/spring born individuals with schizophrenia had an earlier age-of-onset, and more prominent auditory hallucinations. Our results suggest that the offspring of consanguineous marriages, and thus those with reduced allelic heterogeneity, may be more susceptible to the environmental factor(s) underpinning the season-of-the effect in schizophrenia.

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