Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a risk factor of rat gestational diabetes with altered blood glucose and pancreatic GLUT2 expression

Abstract Background Short-term exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide is a risk factor for acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF). The comprehensive roles of exposure to fine particulate matter in AE-IPF remain unclear. We aim to investigate the association of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter with the incidence of AE-IPF and to determine the exposure-risk time window during 3 months before the diagnosis of AE-IPF. Methods IPF patients were retrospectively identified from the nationwide registry in Japan. We conducted a case–control study to assess the correlation between AE-IPF incidence and short-term exposure to eight air pollutants, including particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5). In the time-series data, we compared monthly mean exposure concentrations between months with AE (case months) and those without AE (control months). We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models to consider individual and institutional-level variables, and also adjusted these models for several covariates, including temperature and humidity. An additional analysis with different monthly lag periods was conducted to determine the risk-exposure time window for 3 months before the diagnosis of AE-IPF. Results Overall, 152 patients with surgically diagnosed IPF were analyzed. AE-IPF was significantly associated with an increased mean exposure level of nitric oxide (NO) and PM2.5 30 days prior to AE diagnosis. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) with a 10 unit increase in NO was 1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.93], and PM2.5 was 2.56 (95% CI 1.27–5.15). Additional analysis revealed that AE-IPF was associated with exposure to NO during the lag periods lag 1, lag 2, lag 1–2, and lag 1–3, and PM2.5 during the lag periods lag 1 and lag 1–2. Conclusions Our results show that PM2.5 is a risk factor for AE-IPF, and the risk-exposure time window related to AE-IPF may lie within 1–2 months before the AE diagnosis. Further investigation is needed on the novel findings regarding the exposure to NO and AE-IPF.

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Putting Fine Particulate Matter and Dementia in the Wider Context of Noncommunicable Disease: Where are We Now and What Should We Do Next: A Systematic Review

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000515394 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Ruth Peters ◽

Ian Mudway ◽

Andrew Booth ◽

Jean Peters ◽

Kaarin J. Anstey

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

World Health ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: A significant proportion of the global population regularly experience air quality poorer than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is a risk factor for various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and is emerging as a risk factor for dementia. To begin to understand the full impact of PM2.5, we review the longitudinal epidemiological evidence linking PM2.5 to both dementia and to other leading NCDs and highlight the evidence gaps. Our objective was to systematically review the current epidemiological evidence for PM2.5 as a risk factor for cognitive decline and incident dementia and to put this in context with a systematic overview of PM2.5 as a potential risk factor in other leading NCDs. Methods: We performed 2 systematic reviews. A high-level review of reviews examining the relationship between PM2.5 and leading NCDs and an in-depth review of the longitudinal epidemiological data examining relationships between PM2.5 incident dementia and cognitive decline. Results: There were robust associations between PM2.5 and NCDs although in some cases the evidence was concentrated on short rather than longer term exposure. For those articles reporting on incident dementia, all reported on longer term exposure and 5 of the 7 eligible articles found PM2.5 to be associated with increased risk. Conclusion: The evidence base for PM2.5 as a risk factor for dementia is growing. It is not yet as strong as that for other NCDs. However, varied measurement/methodology hampers clarity across the field. We propose next steps.

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Ambient fine particulate matter of diameter ≤ 2.5 μm and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13074-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Zhao ◽

Jing Li ◽

Chaonan Du ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Yu Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Fine Particulate

AbstractAmbient fine particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) of environment contamination is deemed as a risk factor of cerebrovascular diseases. Yet there is still no explicit evidence strongly supporting that PM2.5 with per unit increment can increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Literatures were searched from PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase. After the systemic review of relevant studies, random effects model was used to perform meta-analysis and to evaluate the association between PM2.5 and risk of HS. Seven cohort studies were finally included, involving more than 6 million people and 37,667 endpoint events (incidence or mortality of HS). Total scores of quality assessment were 50. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) for crude HRs was 1.13 (95%CI: 1.09–1.17) (CI for confidence interval). Pooled HR of subgroup analysis for current smoking with exposure to growing PM2.5 was 1.14 (95%CI: 0.92–2.15) and for never and former smoking was 1.04 (95%CI: 0.74–1.46). Ambient PM2.5 level is significantly associated with the risk of HS, which might be a potential risk factor of HS. Smoking does not further increase the risk of HS under exposure of PM2.5.

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The Associations of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure During Pregnancy With Blood Glucose Levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwaa056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 189 (11) ◽

pp. 1306-1315 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beizhu Ye ◽

Chunrong Zhong ◽

Qian Li ◽

Shangzhi Xu ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Exposure During Pregnancy ◽

Pm2.5 Exposure

Abstract Investigators in previous studies have drawn inconsistent conclusions regarding the relationship between relatively low exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5)) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while the association between high PM2.5 exposure and GDM risk has not been well studied. We investigated the association of high PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy with blood glucose levels and GDM risk in Chinese women. The present study was conducted from August 2013 to May 2016 among 3,967 pregnant women in the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort in Wuhan, China. PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy for each participant was estimated by means of land-use regression models. An interquartile-range increase in PM2.5 exposure (33.84 μg/m3 for trimester 1 and 33.23 μg/m3 for trimester 2) was associated with 36% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.61) and 23% (95% CI: 1.01, 1.50) increased odds of GDM during trimester 1 and trimester 2, respectively. An interquartile-range increment of PM2.5 exposure during trimester 1 increased 1-hour and 2-hour blood glucose levels by 1.40% (95% CI: 0.42, 2.37) and 1.82% (95% CI: 0.98, 2.66), respectively. The same increment of PM2.5 exposure during trimester 2 increased fasting glucose level by 0.85% (95% CI: 0.41, 1.29). Our findings suggest that high PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy increases blood glucose levels and GDM risk in Chinese women.

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