scholarly journals Fine Particulate matter (pm2.5) is a risk factor for dermatitis by promoting the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in keratinocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Shuxian Yan ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Yongpin Dong ◽  
Chunya Ni ◽  
Haidong Kan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Exposure to PM2.5 is a risk factor for acute exacerbation of surgically diagnosed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Tahara ◽  
Yoshihisa Fujino ◽  
Kei Yamasaki ◽  
Keishi Oda ◽  
Takashi Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Short-term exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide is a risk factor for acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF). The comprehensive roles of exposure to fine particulate matter in AE-IPF remain unclear. We aim to investigate the association of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter with the incidence of AE-IPF and to determine the exposure-risk time window during 3 months before the diagnosis of AE-IPF. Methods IPF patients were retrospectively identified from the nationwide registry in Japan. We conducted a case–control study to assess the correlation between AE-IPF incidence and short-term exposure to eight air pollutants, including particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5). In the time-series data, we compared monthly mean exposure concentrations between months with AE (case months) and those without AE (control months). We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models to consider individual and institutional-level variables, and also adjusted these models for several covariates, including temperature and humidity. An additional analysis with different monthly lag periods was conducted to determine the risk-exposure time window for 3 months before the diagnosis of AE-IPF. Results Overall, 152 patients with surgically diagnosed IPF were analyzed. AE-IPF was significantly associated with an increased mean exposure level of nitric oxide (NO) and PM2.5 30 days prior to AE diagnosis. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) with a 10 unit increase in NO was 1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.93], and PM2.5 was 2.56 (95% CI 1.27–5.15). Additional analysis revealed that AE-IPF was associated with exposure to NO during the lag periods lag 1, lag 2, lag 1–2, and lag 1–3, and PM2.5 during the lag periods lag 1 and lag 1–2. Conclusions Our results show that PM2.5 is a risk factor for AE-IPF, and the risk-exposure time window related to AE-IPF may lie within 1–2 months before the AE diagnosis. Further investigation is needed on the novel findings regarding the exposure to NO and AE-IPF.

scholarly journals Putting Fine Particulate Matter and Dementia in the Wider Context of Noncommunicable Disease: Where are We Now and What Should We Do Next: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ruth Peters ◽  
Ian Mudway ◽  
Andrew Booth ◽  
Jean Peters ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A significant proportion of the global population regularly experience air quality poorer than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), is a risk factor for various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and is emerging as a risk factor for dementia. To begin to understand the full impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, we review the longitudinal epidemiological evidence linking PM<sub>2.5</sub> to both dementia and to other leading NCDs and highlight the evidence gaps. Our objective was to systematically review the current epidemiological evidence for PM<sub>2.5</sub> as a risk factor for cognitive decline and incident dementia and to put this in context with a systematic overview of PM<sub>2.5</sub> as a potential risk factor in other leading NCDs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed 2 systematic reviews. A high-level review of reviews examining the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and leading NCDs and an in-depth review of the longitudinal epidemiological data examining relationships between PM<sub>2.5</sub> incident dementia and cognitive decline. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were robust associations between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NCDs although in some cases the evidence was concentrated on short rather than longer term exposure. For those articles reporting on incident dementia, all reported on longer term exposure and 5 of the 7 eligible articles found PM<sub>2.5</sub> to be associated with increased risk. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The evidence base for PM<sub>2.5</sub> as a risk factor for dementia is growing. It is not yet as strong as that for other NCDs. However, varied measurement/methodology hampers clarity across the field. We propose next steps.

scholarly journals Ambient fine particulate matter of diameter ≤ 2.5 μm and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Chaonan Du ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Fine Particulate

AbstractAmbient fine particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) of environment contamination is deemed as a risk factor of cerebrovascular diseases. Yet there is still no explicit evidence strongly supporting that PM2.5 with per unit increment can increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Literatures were searched from PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase. After the systemic review of relevant studies, random effects model was used to perform meta-analysis and to evaluate the association between PM2.5 and risk of HS. Seven cohort studies were finally included, involving more than 6 million people and 37,667 endpoint events (incidence or mortality of HS). Total scores of quality assessment were 50. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) for crude HRs was 1.13 (95%CI: 1.09–1.17) (CI for confidence interval). Pooled HR of subgroup analysis for current smoking with exposure to growing PM2.5 was 1.14 (95%CI: 0.92–2.15) and for never and former smoking was 1.04 (95%CI: 0.74–1.46). Ambient PM2.5 level is significantly associated with the risk of HS, which might be a potential risk factor of HS. Smoking does not further increase the risk of HS under exposure of PM2.5.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on fine particulate matter concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. eabg7670
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Hammer ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
Randall V. Martin ◽  
Erin E. McDuffie ◽  
Alexei Lyapustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North America ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Environmental Risk Factor ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Data Simulation ◽  
Fine Particulate

Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic provide an unprecedented opportunity to examine the effects of human activity on air quality. The effects on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are of particular interest, as PM2.5 is the leading environmental risk factor for mortality globally. We map global PM2.5 concentrations for January to April 2020 with a focus on China, Europe, and North America using a combination of satellite data, simulation, and ground-based observations. We examine PM2.5 concentrations during lockdown periods in 2020 compared to the same periods in 2018 to 2019. We find changes in population-weighted mean PM2.5 concentrations during the lockdowns of −11 to −15 μg/m3 across China, +1 to −2 μg/m3 across Europe, and 0 to −2 μg/m3 across North America. We explain these changes through a combination of meteorology and emission reductions, mostly due to transportation. This work demonstrates regional differences in the sensitivity of PM2.5 to emission sources.

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