Pilot scale investigation of zinc and sulphate removal from industrial discharges by biological sulphate reduction with molasses as electron donor

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1229-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warounsak Liamleam ◽  
Zaw Ko Oo ◽  
Phan Thong Thai ◽  
Ajit P. Annachhatre
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Sulphate Removal

Regeneration of barium carbonate from barium sulphide in a pilot-scale bubbling column reactor and utilization for acid mine drainage

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mulopo ◽  
J. N. Zvimba ◽  
H. Swanepoel ◽  
L. T. Bologo ◽  
J. Maree
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Column Reactor ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulphate Removal ◽  
Co2 Flow

Batch regeneration of barium carbonate (BaCO3) from barium sulphide (BaS) slurries by passing CO2 gas into a pilot-scale bubbling column reactor under ambient conditions was used to assess the technical feasibility of BaCO3 recovery in the Alkali Barium Calcium (ABC) desalination process and its use for sulphate removal from high sulphate Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). The effect of key process parameters, such as BaS slurry concentration and CO2 flow rate on the carbonation, as well as the extent of sulphate removal from AMD using the recovered BaCO3 were investigated. It was observed that the carbonation reaction rate for BaCO3 regeneration in a bubbling column reactor significantly increased with increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) flow rate whereas the BaS slurry content within the range 5–10% slurry content did not significantly affect the carbonation rate. The CO2 flow rate also had an impact on the BaCO3 morphology. The BaCO3 recovered from the pilot-scale bubbling column reactor demonstrated effective sulphate removal ability during AMD treatment compared with commercial BaCO3.

scholarly journals Carbon Monoxide as an Electron Donor for the Biological Reduction of Sulphate

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiya N. Parshina ◽  
Jan Sipma ◽  
Anne Meint Henstra ◽  
Alfons J. M. Stams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Current State ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Co Concentrations

Several strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are able to use carbon monoxide (CO) as a carbon source and electron donor for biological sulphate reduction. These strains exhibit variable resistance to CO toxicity. The most resistant SRB can grow and use CO as an electron donor at concentrations up to 100%, whereas others are already severely inhibited at CO concentrations as low as 1-2%. Here, the utilization, inhibition characteristics, and enzymology of CO metabolism as well as the current state of genomics of CO-oxidizing SRB are reviewed. Carboxydotrophic sulphate-reducing bacteria can be applied for biological sulphate reduction with synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) as an electron donor.

The role of sulphate reduction on the reductive decolorization of the azo dye reactive orange 14

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Cervantes ◽  
J.E. Enriquez ◽  
M.R. Mendoza-Hernandez ◽  
E. Razo-Flores ◽  
J.A. Field
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Redox Mediator ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Azo Reduction ◽  
Reactive Orange ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a broad range of sulphate concentrations (0–10 g SO4−2 L−1) on the reduction of an azo dye (reactive orange 14 (RO14)) by an anaerobic sludge. An increase in the sulphate concentration generally stimulated the reduction of RO14 by sludge incubations supplemented with glucose, acetate or propionate as electron donor. Sulphate and azo dye reductions took place simultaneously in all incubations. However, there was a decrease on the rate of decolorization when sulphate was supplied at 10 g SO4−2 L−1. Abiotic incubations at different sulphide concentrations (0–2.5 g sulphide L−1) promoted very poor reduction of RO14. However, addition of riboflavin (20 μM), as a redox mediator, accelerated the reduction of RO14 up to 44-fold compared to a control lacking the catalyst. Our results indicate that sulphate-reduction may significantly contribute to the reduction of azo dyes both by biological mechanisms and by abiotic reductions implicating sulphide as an electron donor. The contribution of abiotic decolorization by sulphide, however, was only significant when a proper redox mediator was included. Our results also revealed that sulphate-reduction can out-compete with azo reduction at high sulphate concentrations leading to a poor decolorising performance when no sufficient reducing capacity is available.

Pilot Plant Studies on Biological Sulphate Removal from Industrial Effluent

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1293-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Maree ◽  
G. Hulse ◽  
D. Dods ◽  
C. E. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
Sulphate Removal

Sulphate-rich industrial effluents present a serious environmental pollution problem. A biological sulphate removal process has been developed for the treatment of such effluents. In this process, sulphate is converted to hydrogen sulphide in the anaerobic stage when an energy source, such as molasses, sugar or producer gas is added. The hydrogen sulphide is stripped off in a stripping stage, with a carrier gas such as nitrogen. The gas is recycled through a ferric solution where it is oxidized to elemental sulphur. In a subsequent aerobic stage, degradation of organic carbon residuals and calcium carbonate crystallization are achieved simultaneously. In this study the anaerobic stage of the process was evaluated on pilot scale. After the inoculation period, sulphate was removed continuously for a period of 100 days from 2200 mg/l to below 200 mg/l. For the first part of the study acetic acid served as energy source as the sugar content of molasses was allowed to ferment. Thereafter fresh molasses was supplied as energy source and the bacterial culture had to adapt to utilize sugar in molasses as energy source. A volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration of 27 g/l was present in the packing material of the anaerobic reactor. With this VSS-value, a hydraulic retention time of 12 hours was needed for sulphate removal.

scholarly journals Sulphate removal from mine water with chemical, biological and membrane technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Kinnunen ◽  
Hanna Kyllönen ◽  
Tommi Kaartinen ◽  
Jarno Mäkinen ◽  
Juha Heikkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Tailings Pond ◽  
Gypsum Precipitation ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Sulphate Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Chemical, physical and biological technologies for removal of sulphate from mine tailings pond water (8 g SO42−/L) were investigated. Sulphate concentrations of approximately 1,400, 700, 350 and 20 mg/L were obtained using gypsum precipitation, and ettringite precipitation, biological sulphate reduction or reverse osmosis (RO) after gypsum pre-treatment, respectively. Gypsum precipitation can be widely utilized as a pre-treatment method, as was shown in this study. Clearly the lowest sulphate concentrations were obtained using RO. However, RO cannot be the only water purification technology, because the concentrate needs to be treated. There would be advantages using biological sulphate reduction, when elemental sulphur could be produced as a sellable end product. Reagent and energy costs for 200 m3/h tailings pond water feed based on laboratory studies and process modelling were 1.1, 3.1, 1.2 and 2.7 MEur/year for gypsum precipitation, ettringite precipitation, RO and biological treatment after gypsum precipitation, respectively. The most appropriate technology or combination of technologies should be selected for every industrial site case by case.

Characteristics of nitrogen removal and microbial distribution by application of spent sulfidic caustic in pilot scale wastewater treatment plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Park ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
J. Park ◽  
I. Byun ◽  
T. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Thiobacillus Denitrificans ◽  
Autotrophic Denitrification ◽  
Spent Sulfidic Caustic ◽  
Sulfidic Caustic

Since spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) produced from petrochemical industry contains a high concentration of alkalinity and sulfide, it was expected that SSC could be used as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification. To investigate the nitrogen removal performance, a pilot scale Bardenpho process was operated. The total nitrogen removal efficiency increased as SSC dosage increased, and the highest efficiency was observed as 77.5% when SSC was injected into both anoxic tank (1) and (2). FISH analysis was also performed to shed light on the effect of SSC dosage on the distribution ratio of nitrifying bacteria and Thiobacillus denitrificans. FISH results indicated that the relative distribution ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, Nitrobacter spp., Nitrospira genus and Thiobacillus denitrificans to eubacteria varied little with the pH of the tanks, and SSC injection did not give harmful effect on nitrification efficiency. These results show that SSC can be applied as an electron donor of autotrophic denitrification to biological nitrogen removal process effectively, without any inhibitory effects to nitrifying bacteria and sulfur-utilizing denitrifying bacteria.

Sustainable Approach for the Immobilization of Metals in the Saturated Zone: In Situ Bioprecipitation

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Karolien Vanbroekhoven ◽  
Sandra Van Roy ◽  
Ludo Diels ◽  
Johan Gemoets ◽  
Paul Verkaeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Sulphide Precipitation ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Sulphate Removal ◽  
High Concentrations

In order to remediate three sites in the vicinity of a non-ferrous industrial site, where groundwater was historically contaminated with metals, the best available technique should be selected. Because the groundwater contained high concentrations of metals and high sulphate concentrations (up to 2000 ppm), the feasibility of sulphate reduction and subsequent metal immobilization due to metal sulphide precipitation was examined in the lab before selecting an appropriate remediation technology. Because of the very high metal concentrations in the groundwater and their potential toxic effects on microbial life chemical reagents were also evaluated for immobilization of the metals in situ. The first site (site 1) was characterized by a contamination of Zn (500ppm-3ppm) up to a depth of 130 m-bg. A screening for inducibility of biological activity was performed at two depths – 30 m-bg (below ground) and 65 m-bg -- using microcosm experiments containing both aquifer solids and groundwater. Different electron-donors were selected including pure chemical agents such as lactate and waste products such as molasses and glycerol. Glycerol resulted in the most efficient metal and sulphate removal after about 106 days. Extremely high Zn concentrations were found in the groundwater of the second site (site 2), i.e., up to about 2000 ppm. Similar lab tests applied for site 1 were performed, but in addition chemical agents (NaS2 and CaSx) were used. Whereas the sulphide containing chemical agents immediately resulted in low Zn concentrations in the groundwater, it took >140 days before biological sulphate removal started. Glycerol, lactate and molasses resulted in efficient Zn removal. Site 3 was characterized by relative shallow contamination (<10 m-bg) of mainly Co (30-300 ppm), and containing typical sulphate concentrations in the range of 300-1200 ppm. Rapid microbial sulphate reduction (within 50 days) was induced in the tests containing nutrient-amended lactate, cheese whey and soy oil.

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