Pilot Plant Studies on Biological Sulphate Removal from Industrial Effluent

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1293-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Maree ◽  
G. Hulse ◽  
D. Dods ◽  
C. E. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
Sulphate Removal

Sulphate-rich industrial effluents present a serious environmental pollution problem. A biological sulphate removal process has been developed for the treatment of such effluents. In this process, sulphate is converted to hydrogen sulphide in the anaerobic stage when an energy source, such as molasses, sugar or producer gas is added. The hydrogen sulphide is stripped off in a stripping stage, with a carrier gas such as nitrogen. The gas is recycled through a ferric solution where it is oxidized to elemental sulphur. In a subsequent aerobic stage, degradation of organic carbon residuals and calcium carbonate crystallization are achieved simultaneously. In this study the anaerobic stage of the process was evaluated on pilot scale. After the inoculation period, sulphate was removed continuously for a period of 100 days from 2200 mg/l to below 200 mg/l. For the first part of the study acetic acid served as energy source as the sugar content of molasses was allowed to ferment. Thereafter fresh molasses was supplied as energy source and the bacterial culture had to adapt to utilize sugar in molasses as energy source. A volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration of 27 g/l was present in the packing material of the anaerobic reactor. With this VSS-value, a hydraulic retention time of 12 hours was needed for sulphate removal.

Biological Removal of Sulphate from Industrial Effluents and Concomitant Production of Sulphur

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Maree ◽  
E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
Waste Gypsum ◽  
Sulphate Removal ◽  
By Products

Sulphate wastes, such as sulphate-rich industrial effluents or waste gypsum, present a serious environmental pollution problem. A biological sulphate removal process has been evaluated for the treatment of these wastes. In this process, sulphate is converted to H2S when a carbon source, such as molasses is added. A complete mix reactor was used for sulphate reduction to H2S, which was subsequently stripped off in a closed system with either CO2 or nitrogen as carrier gas. The H2S in turn is oxidized to elemental sulphur in the sulphur production stage when it is brought into contact with a ferric solution. In a subsequent aerobic stage, degradation of organic carbon residuals and calcium carbonate crystallization are achieved simultaneously. Strontium, which is present in waste gypsum, is removed partially in the anaerobic stage, and completely in the aerobic stage. It is shown that sulphate wastes can be treated by the biological sulphate process for the production of reusable water and/or the recovery of valuable by-products such as elemental sulphur, sodium bisulphide and heavy metals.

Sources of Pollution of the Estuary of the River Nervion, Spain – A Case Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Azkona ◽  
S H Jenkins ◽  
H M G Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Sulphide Concentration

This paper describes part of a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of the pollution of the estuary of the River Nervion, Bilbao, Spain. The objectives of the study were to determine the sources and loads of pollution from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater; provide information on the extent of pollution; formulate hydrodynamic and predictive models capable of forecasting the effects on the estuary of the anticipated growth of population and industry; determine the amount of polluting matter that would have to be removed in order to reach defined estuary water quality standards; arrive at suitable technical methods able to attain these standards at minimum cost; determine the treatability of wastewater discharges and recommend methods for controlling industrial wastewater. These objectives necessitated a survey of the pollution loads from domestic sources and industry which were discharged to the fresh water and tidal reaches of four major tributaries in addition to the main river Nervion; the results of this part of the survey are described in this paper. The presence of iron in discharges from iron ore mining and metal processing was found to aid flocculation of organic matter and the consequent deposition of sludge in the estuary. This action and the rate of oxygen uptake during the decomposition of such deposits are also described. The domestic sewage of the study area receives treatment in septic tanks before discharging to rivers or the estuary. In spite of free hydrogen sulphide and high concentrations being present in the septic tank effluents, odour nuisance does not occur, because, as is shown in the paper, of the formation of ferrous sulphide. The hydrogen sulphide concentration in the atmosphere at a pumping station was found to be above the safety level. The industrial load of impurity was estimated to be approximately 15% higher than the domestic load, but it is extremly difficult to find a rational basis on which comparisons may be made between domestic sewage and a mixture of industrial effluents containing substances inimical to biological activity. The industrial effluent was contained in a very large volume of water, much of it taken from the estuary for cooling or process water. It is calculated that if the industrial pollutants had been contained only in the fresh water used by industry the COD of the mixture would have been 1317 mg/l; the suspended solids 2143 mg/l; the ammonia nitrogen 191 mg/l; iron 1037 mg/l; other heavy metals 118 mg/l; fluoride as F 14.5 mg/l; cyanide as CN 8.1 mg/l; oil 196 mg/l; phenols 8.1 mg/l; mercury 0.13 mg/l; and the mixture would have had an excess of acidity of 5188 mg/l. An estimate of the load of substances having an oxygen demand indicated that of the total oxygen demand discharged to the system of rivers and estuary approximately 50% entered the estuary from the main tributaries, the remainder being discharged directly to the estuary. An outline is given of the methods that would be used to determine the treatability of industrial effluents which were rendered acceptable for discharge into public sewers.

Biological sulphate removal from acid mine effluent using ethanol as carbon and energy source

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Greben ◽  
J.P. Maree ◽  
Y. Singmin ◽  
S. Mnqanqeni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Volumetric Rate ◽  
Mine Effluent ◽  
Sulphide Precipitation ◽  
Sulphate Removal ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
High Concentrations

Mining effluents are major contributors to mineralization of receiving waters and can be toxic to man, animals and plants due to unacceptably high concentrations of heavy metals. A biological sulphate removal process has been developed for the treatment of sulphate-rich industrial effluents, where sulphate is converted via sulphide to sulphur in an anaerobic single-stage reactor. Ethanol is used as carbon and energy source. Sulphate was removed from acid mine water over a period of 95 days from 3000 mg/l down to less than 200 mg/l and the formed sulphides to less than 200 mg/l. The VSS value in the reactor varied between 3 and 4 g/l, resulting in a specific sulphate removal rate from 0.47 to 2.47 g SO4/(g VSS.d), while the volumetric rate was 2.5 and 8.4g SO4/(2.d) at HRT of 18 to 4.3 h. The experimental COD/sulphate ratio was between 0.55 and 0.84, which is in accordance with the theoretical value of 0.67. The experimental sulphide/sulphate ratio was less than the theoretical value of 0.33 due to the conversion of sulphate to sulphur and due to metal sulphide precipitation. Iron and copper were removed completely and aluminium, manganese and zinc to less than 4 mg/l.

scholarly journals Environmental Pollution Around Dhaka EPZ and its Impact on Surface and Groundwater

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
MKA Khan ◽  
M Alam ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MQ Hassan ◽  
MA Al-Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Industrial sector is gradually playing a more important role in Bangladesh economy and EPZs have provided a good platform of industrial establishment. Dhaka EPZ since its establishment has altered the fragile environment of the surrounding area. Huge amount of effluents discharged from Dhaka EPZ has been polluting the surface and groundwater. Surface water contamination by industrial effluents released from Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) and the ramification to groundwater have been estimated. The study involves analyzing physicochemical properties along with major Anionic contaminants in waste water samples. Conversely their potential transmission into groundwater has been evaluated by analyzing HTW water samples from the surrounding area. Some important physical parameters were measured while collecting the sample in field condition. The suite of 6 major anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, SO4-2 and HCO3-) have been measured in ppm level of concentration by analyzing with chemically suppressed Ion Chromatograph while HCO3- content was determined by Titration method. Analysis reveals pH maximum 9.55, DO maximum 2.40 mg/L, TDS maximum 1280 mg/L, Bi-carbonate maximum 891 mg/L, Sulfate maximum 452 mg/L, Chloride maximum 179 mg/L, Nitrate maximum 44 mg/L and Fluoride not above detection limit. Higher concentration of Cl-, SO4-2, NO3- in waste water samples compared to the standard by DOE (Department of Environment) as well as background concentration from uncontaminated water can be correlated with industrial effluent discharge. On the other hand low level of concentration found in groundwater samples indicates that groundwater is still safe. This phenomenon is explained by the presence of impervious clay layer. Key words: Dhaka EPZ; Effluent; Madhupur Tract; Contaminants; DOE; Environment; Clay layer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8181 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 153-162, 2011

scholarly journals Green innovation, government incentive and enterprise performance are explored from the perspective of game

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Ren
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The rapid development of economy brings serious environmental pollution problem. Green innovation, as the connection point between government environmental regulation measures and sustainable green development of enterprises, has become one of the important choices for the transformation and development of enterprises. Based on the classic model of “prisoner’s dilemma” in game theory, this paper deeply analyzes the relationship between green innovation and performance. It is found that it is easy to get into trouble if only relying on the spontaneous green innovation within the enterprise. Applying appropriate pressure outside the enterprise can promote the change of green innovation and bring long-term benefits to the enterprise.

scholarly journals Growth and leaf epidermal response of three Sesamum indicum varieties to industrial effluent irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Abdul Rahaman ◽  
OM Olaniran ◽  
FA Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Epidermal Features

The effect of industrial effluents was studied with respect to growth and leaf anatomy of three Sesamum indicum varieties (NGB 00931, NGB 00937 and NGB 00939). Industrial effluents (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from two industries are used to irrigate the plants. Although, the control plants possessed larger leaves and longer stems than the effluent-treated plants, at lower concentration, the plant growth is relatively higher. Gradual decrease in the germination of seeds and seedling growth with increase in effluent concentration was observed. The best germination and seedling growth was observed at the 25% concentration. Leaf epidermal features (stomatal density, stomatal index, stomatal size, trichome density, tricome index, trichome size and number of epidermal cells) are more influenced in the effluent-treated plants than in the control plants from the Peace Standard Pharmaceutical Industry than in the effluent from the Global Soap & Detergent Industry. Thus the industrial effluents can be safely used for irrigation purposes with proper treatment and dilution at 25%.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 1-6, 2017

The Analysis of the Current Situation and Countermeasures of New Energy Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 639-642
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Ming Yuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
New Energy Vehicles

With pm2.5 and environmental pollution problem of urban smog, energy conservation and environmental protection has become an important subject in the current car development, so the new energy vehicles get more and more favor from the government and enterprises. But the new energy vehicles’ market share in our country is still small and the technology is not mature. This paper summarizes the experience and lessons in the development of new energy vehicles at home and abroad, and then based on which analyses the reasons that restrict the development of the new energy vehicles, finally puts forward the countermeasures of new energy vehicles development from the government's macro policy, battery technology, management mechanism, public participation and so on. In addition, it also puts forward a new opinion that encourages and guides the social capital to participate in the operation of the new energy vehicle infrastructure construction and operation, then provides a model for our country’s new energy vehicles future development.

scholarly journals Production of fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes by a strain of Penicillium sp. isolated from contaminated soil with industrial effluent

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 40606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian Maria Baggio ◽  
Luciano Aparecido Panagio ◽  
Fabiana Guillen Moreira Gasparin ◽  
Daniele Sartori ◽  
Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone Celligoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Health Area ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Selection Of

Cardiovascular diseases associated with thrombosis are one of the main causes of death all around the world. Urokinase, streptokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator are the major thrombolytic agents used to treat thrombosis. However, the fact that these agents have several side effects and high prices has driven the search for safer and more economically viable compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of fungi isolated from industrial effluents to produce fibrino(geno)lytic enzymes. The selection of the protease-producing strains showed that only the BF20 strain was able to produce proteolytic halos in milk agar. This strain identified as belonging to the genus Penicillium was cultivated in submerged fermentation. Different media composition were tested to evaluate proteolytic activity, and the results showed that the medium containing 0.1% yeast extract and 1% skim milk, pH 5.0, present higher azocaseinolytic activity (0.24 U mL-1 min.-1). This sample also showed the ability to degrade fibrinogen and fibrin after 15 and 120 min. of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that the BF20 strain has a thrombolytic potential, effectively degrading fibrinogen and fibrin, having great application in the health area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document