Significant increasing trends in surface ozone in greece

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1071-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Ziomas ◽  
C. S. Zerefos ◽  
A. F. Bais ◽  
A. G. Proyou ◽  
G. T. Amanatidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Increasing Trends

scholarly journals Ozone Trends from Two Decades of Ground Level Observation in Malaysia

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Fatimah Ahamad ◽  
Paul T. Griffiths ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif ◽  
Liew Juneng ◽  
Chung Jing Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Photostationary State ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Increasing Trends

We examine the change in surface ozone and its precursor behavior over 20 years at four locations in western Peninsular Malaysia which have undergone urban-commercial development. Trend and correlation analyses were carried out on ozone and oxides of nitrogen observation data over the periods of 1997–2016 as well as the decadal intervals of 1997–2006 and 2007–2016. Diurnal variation composites for decadal intervals were also plotted. Significant increasing ozone concentrations were observed at all locations for the 20-year period, with a range between 0.09 and 0.21 ppb yr−1. The most urbanized location (S3) showed the highest ozone trend. Decadal intervals show that not all stations record significant increasing trends of ozone, with S1 recording decreasing ozone at a rate of −0.44 ppb yr−1 during the latter decade. Correlation analysis showed that only oxides of nitrogen ratios (NO/NO2) had significant inverse relationships with ozone at all stations corresponding to control of ozone by photostationary state reactions. The diurnal composites show that decadal difference in NO/NO2 is mostly influenced by change in nitric oxide concentrations.

scholarly journals Long-term trends of surface ozone and its influencing factors at the Mt. Waliguan GAW station, China – Part 1: Overall trends and characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (21) ◽  
pp. 30987-31024 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Xu ◽  
W. L. Lin ◽  
X. B. Xu ◽  
J. Tang ◽  
J. Q. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Surface Ozone Concentration

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is an important atmospheric oxidant, greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutant at the same time. The level of tropospheric ozone, particularly in the surface layer, is impacted by emissions of precursors and is subjected to meteorological conditions. Due its importance, the long-term variation trend of baseline ozone is highly needed for environmental and climate change assessment. So far, studies about the long-term trends of ozone at representative sites are mainly available for European and North American sites. Similar studies are lacking for China, a country with rapid economic growth for recent decades, and many other developing countries. To uncover the long-term characteristics and trends of baseline surface ozone, concentration in western China, measurements at a global baseline Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau region (Mt. Waliguan) for the period of 1994 to 2013 were analysed in this study, using a modified Mann–Kendall test and the Hilbert–Huang Transform analysis for the trend and periodicity analysis, respectively. Results reveal higher surface ozone during the night and lower during the day at Waliguan, due to mountain-valley breezes. A seasonal maximum in summer was found, which was probably caused by enhanced stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange events and/or by tropospheric photochemistry. Analysis suggests that there is a season-diurnal cycle in the three-dimensional winds on top of Mt. Waliguan. Season-dependent daytime and nighttime ranges of 6 h were determined based on the season-diurnal cycle in the three-dimensional winds and were used to sort subsets of ozone data for trend analysis. Significant increasing trends in surface ozone were detected for both daytime (1.5–2.7 ppbv 10 a−1) and nighttime (1.3–2.9 ppbv 10 a−1). Autumn and spring revealed the largest increase rates, while summer and winter showed relatively weaker increases. The HHT spectral analysis confirmed the increasing trends in surface ozone concentration and could further identify four different stages with different increasing rates, with the largest increase occurring around May 2000 and October 2010. A 2–4, 7 and 11 year periodicity was found in the surface ozone concentration. The results are highly valuable for related climate and environment change assessments of western China and surrounding areas, and for the validation of chemical-climate models.

Trends in Periprosthetic Knee Infection and Associated Costs: A Population-Based Study Using National Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brochin ◽  
Jashvant Poeran ◽  
Khushdeep S. Vig ◽  
Aakash Keswani ◽  
Nicole Zubizarreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Teaching Status ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Increasing Trends

AbstractGiven increasing demand for primary knee arthroplasties, revision surgery is also expected to increase, with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) a main driver of costs. Recent data on national trends is lacking. We aimed to assess trends in PJI in total knee arthroplasty revisions and hospitalization costs. From the National Inpatient Sample (2003–2016), we extracted data on total knee arthroplasty revisions (n = 782,449). We assessed trends in PJI prevalence and (inflation-adjusted) hospitalization costs (total as well as per-day costs) for all revisions and stratified by hospital teaching status (rural/urban by teaching status), hospital bed size (≤299, 300–499, and ≥500 beds), and hospital region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West). The Cochran–Armitage trend test (PJI prevalence) and linear regression determined significance of trends. PJI prevalence overall was 25.5% (n = 199,818) with a minor increasing trend: 25.3% (n = 7,828) in 2003 to 28.9% (n = 19,275) in 2016; p < 0.0001. Median total hospitalization costs for PJI decreased slightly ($23,247 in 2003–$20,273 in 2016; p < 0.0001) while median per-day costs slightly increased ($3,452 in 2003–$3,727 in 2016; p < 0.0001), likely as a function of decreasing length of stay. With small differences between hospitals, the lowest and highest PJI prevalences were seen in small (≤299 beds; 22.9%) and urban teaching hospitals (27.3%), respectively. In stratification analyses, an increasing trend in PJI prevalence was particularly seen in larger (≥500 beds) hospitals (24.4% in 2003–30.7% in 2016; p < 0.0001), while a decreasing trend was seen in small-sized hospitals. Overall, PJI in knee arthroplasty revisions appears to be slightly increasing. Moreover, increasing trends in large hospitals and decreasing trends in small-sized hospitals suggest a shift in patients from small to large volume hospitals. Decreasing trends in total costs, alongside increasing trends in per-day costs, suggest a strong impact of length of stay trends and a more efficient approach to PJI over the years (in terms of shorter length of stay).

New Hope for Resistant Hypertention

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Z Rahman ◽  
KK Karmaker ◽  
M Ahmed ◽  
M Aziz ◽  
S Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽  
Activation Therapy ◽  
Increasing Trends

Hypertension is a major public health problem. Despite the increasing awareness of hypertension and its implications among patients and treating physicians, the prevalence of resistant hypertension    remains high.Resistant hypertension define as blood pressure that remains elevated above treatment goals despite administration of an optimal three drug regimen that include a diuretic1 The prevalence of resistant    hypertension is projected to increase, owing to the aging population and increasing trends in obesity, sleep apnea, and chronic kidney disease. It is estimated that at least 10% of all patients with hypertension are resistant to existing drugs. Management of resistant hypertension must begin with  a careful evaluation of the patient to confirm the diagnosis and exclude factors associated with “pseudo-resistance,” such as improper BP measurement technique, the white-coat effect, and poor patient adherence to life-style and/or antihypertensive medications. Despite the use of the appropriate dose and type of diuretic to overcome the management of resistant hypertension, we can’t achieve our goal. But there is at least two devices namely Baroreflex Activation Therapy and Catheter-based  renal sympathetic denervation make the new hope for the patient with resistant hypertension DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v5i1.12278 Cardiovasc. j. 2012; 5(1): 81-91

ANALISIS PENGARUH EKSPOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ari Mulianta Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Relationship

Ekspor merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara, sejalan dengan hipotesis export-led growth (ELG). Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia periode kuartal I 2001 sampai dengan kuartal IV 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dalam menggambarkan perkembangan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta ekspor dan analisis kuantitatif metode Error Correction Model (ECM) dalam menganalisis efek jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dari ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pada periode penelitian, data yang ada menunjukkan bahwa ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia sama-sama mengalami peningkatan. Hasil regresi ECM menunjukkan bahwa ekspor memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, yang mendukung hipotesis bahwa ELG berlaku untuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia. Peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan perbaikan sistem administrasi ekspor, peningkatan riset dan pengembangan produk Indonesia, peningkatan sarana dan prasarana infrastruktur, stabilitas nilai tukar dan perluasan pasar non tradisional, termasuk perbaikan struktur ekspor komoditas. Export is one of the factors behind the economic growth which is in line with the export-led growth hypotesis (ELG). This research analyzes the relationship between economic growth and export of Indonesia during first quarter of 2001 until fourth quarter of 2015. It employs descriptive analysis to describe export movement and economic growth during the study period and ECM model to analyze the long run and the short run effects of export on the economic growth. The available information indicated that, during the study period, both export and economic growth showed similar increasing trends. The result of the ECM model revealed that export had a positive and statistically significant relationship with the economic growth, supporting the hypotesis of ELG in Indonesia. Hence, to accelerate economic growth, efforts are required to boost the export performance in Indonesia. The Export performance can be increased by several way, such as improving the export administration system, increasing the research and development of Indonesian products, improving the facilities and infrastructure, exchange rate stability and the non-tradisional markets expansion, and including improvement of the export commodity structure.

On the understanding of surface ozone variability, its precursors and their associations with atmospheric conditions over the Delhi region

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 105653
Author(s):  
Anshika ◽  
Ravi Kumar Kunchala ◽  
Raju Attada ◽  
Ramesh K. Vellore ◽  
Vijay K. Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions

scholarly journals The Role of Skin-to-Skin Contact and Breastfeeding on Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wedad M. Almutairi ◽  
Susan M. Ludington ◽  
Mary T. Quinn Griffin ◽  
Christopher J. Burant ◽  
Ahlam E. Al-Zahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Third Stage Of Labor ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
Increasing Trends

Objectives: were to (a) determine incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in all women delivering between 2009 and 2015, and (b) determine the amount of Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) and duration of the third stage of labor in each subgroup for women with or without PPH, and (c) compare EBL and duration of 3rd stage of labor between subgroups in groups of women with or without PPH. Design: A retrospective chart review conducted using codes for atonic PPH. Setting: Records from a University based tertiary setting, 264 charts were reviewed and data from 154 charts were analyzed. One-way ANOVAs followed with post-hocs and a 2-way ANOVA were conducted. Results: PPH rate increased by 47.50% from 2009–2015. For women with PPH, EBL was lower in skin to skin contact (SSC) + Breastfeeding (BF) subgroup. For women without PPH, EBL was lower in SSC only subgroup. Third stage of labor duration was longer in women with PPH. Conclusions: Study confirmed the increasing trends of PPH due to uterine atony and proposed role of SSC and BF in decreasing EBL and shorten the duration of the 3rd stage of labor for PPH women, usefulness of SSC and BF as physiologic practices merit further study.

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