Literature Review : Pemberian Posisi Miring Dan Setengah Duduk Terhadap Lama Persalinan Kala

In the delivery process, the position of the mother giving birth has an effect on the smoothness of the process. This scientific paper aims to determine the description of giving oblique position and half-sitting position to the duration of the second stage of labor based on a literature review. It has taken three articles from Google scholar with tilt nosition half cit-fino nosition and the second stncre as the kevwords A Il Are full-text the first article was published in 2014, the second one was in 2019, and the latter was in 2020. The analysis result showed from 206 respondents, the average of labor duration on the second stage was 23.786 minutes In tilt position. Meanwhile, In halt Sitting position, it was 43.34 minutes. Furthermore, the first position was 19.554 minutes faster than the second one. And. the result is the conclusion. Therefore- it is suggested for the birth attendant to recommend a maternity mother to apply tilt position to speed up the delivery processKeywords: Tilt position; halfsitting position; second stage. AbstrakPosisi pada ibu bersalin berpengaruh terhadap proses persalinan. Pemilihan posisi yang tepat dan benar akan berdampak pada jalannya proses persalinan. Karya tulis ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemberian posisi miring dan posisi setengah duduk terhadap lama persalinan kala II berdasarkan literature review. Desain dalam karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah literature review dengan jumlah artikel tiga yang diambil dari laman jurnal google scholar dengan kata kunci “posisi miring”, “posisisetengahduduk” dan “lama kala II”, berupaartikel fultext. Artikel 1 terbit tahun 2019, artikel 2 tahun 2020 dan pada artikel 3 tahun 2014. Hasil analisis dari ketiga artikel menunjukan jumlah responden 206, rata-rata lama persalinan kala II menggunakan posisi miring adalah 23,786 menit dan posisi setengah duduk 43,34 menit. Poisisi miring 19,554 menit lebih cepat saat persalinan kala II dibandingkan posisi setengah duduk. Simpulannya adalah pada ibu bersalin persalinan kala II dengan posisi miring lebih cepat waktu persalinannya dibandingkan posisi setengah duduk. Saran bagi penolong persalinan dapat menganjurkan ibu bersalin menggunakan posisi miring pada proses persalinan kala II.Kata kunci: Posisi miring ;posisi setengah duduk; lama kala II.

Factors affecting postpartum infection: A systematic review

Background: Puerperal infection is used to describe any bacterial infection of the reproductive tract after delivery. Identifying the factors affecting postpartum infections can reduce the risk and complications of such factors and postpartum maternal mortality. Objective: This structured study was designed to evaluate factors affecting postpartum infections. Methods: In this study, after selecting Scopus, PubMed, SID, and Web of Science electronic databases, all observational studies (cohort and case-control) available and published in Farsi and English to investigate factors affecting postpartum infections were searched. The search was performed using the terms postpartum, infection, wound infection, puerperium, reason, risk factor, and their equivalent Persian words from 2010 to November 2019 regardless of publication status. Results: Out of the 3227 studies obtained, 19 were reviewed after removing irrelevant articles, duplicates (shared in databases), and animal samples. Age, level of education, delivery method, presence of episiotomy, anemia due to postpartum hemorrhage, interventions and manipulations during childbirth, prenatal hygiene, Povidone Iodine usage before delivery to wash the vagina, antibiotic prevention, increased labor duration, obesity, and the presence of bacteria were common symptoms affecting postpartum infection. Conclusion: In this study, the factors affecting postpartum infection have been identified, some of which are avoidable. Identifying these factors helps reduce postpartum infections and their complications.

Effect of Labor Camera on the Duration of the Second Stage Labor in Primipara

Fear and anxiety due to severe labor pains could also lead to prolonged labor. The efforts made to accelerate the second stage labor process are by providing emotional support with the support of a labor camera. The mother is allowed to observe the development state of her baby's head through video on a tablet or laptop screen. Furthermore, the mother's emotional level becomes more provoked and motivated to strain the labor process faster. This study aims to determine the effect of the labor cameras on the second state duration in primiparous. The design of this study was a posttest-only control group design experiment with a total sample of 30 primiparous of the second stage at independent midwife practice in Bengkulu city in November–December 2020. Each group consisted of 15 for treatment (with labor cameras) and 15 for control (without labor cameras)—the assessment of the labor duration by counting the labor time in seconds during the second state. The statistical results using the t test and chi-square test analysis showed that the intervention group's labor duration (1,393.3 seconds) was shorter than the control group's (2,340.6 seconds). The mean difference in the delivery time was 947.3 seconds or 15.7 minutes faster in the intervention group than in the control group. In conclusion, using a labor camera on the labor duration of the second stage in primiparous mothers is an effect of using a labor camera. PENGARUH KAMERA PERSALINAN TERHADAP DURASI PERSALINAN KALA II PADA PRIMIPARARasa takut dan cemas akibat nyeri persalinan yang berat juga dapat menyebabkan partus lama. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mempercepat proses kala II persalinan adalah memberikan dukungan emosional dengan bantuan kamera persalinan. Ibu diberi kesempatan untuk melihat perkembangan pengeluaran kepala bayinya melalui video pada layar tablet atau laptop sehingga tingkat emosional ibu menjadi lebih terbangun dan termotivasi untuk mempercepat proses persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kamera persalinan terhadap durasi persalinan kala II pada primipara. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimen posttest-only control group design dengan jumlah sampel 30 primipara kala II di bidan praktik mandiri Kota Bengkulu pada November–Desember 2020. Tiap-tiap kelompok berjumlah 15 untuk kelompok perlakuan (menggunakan kamera persalinan) dan 15 untuk kontrol (tidak menggunakan kamera persalinan). Penilaian durasi persalinan dengan menghitung detik selama kala II berlangsung. Pengujian statistik menggunakan analisis uji t dan uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa durasi persalinan kelompok perlakuan (1.393,3 detik) lebih singkat daripada kelompok kontrol (2.340,6 detik). Selisih perbedaan waktu persalinan rerata selama 947,3 detik atau 15,7 menit lebih cepat pada kelompok intervensi dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol. Simpulan, terdapat pengaruh penggunaan kamera persalinan terhadap durasi persalinan kala II pada ibu primipara.

Effect of Perineum Block Anesthesia Combined with Unprotected Perineal Delivery on the Perineal Integrity Rate and Maternal-Infant Outcomes in Primiparas Taking Health Products Containing Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of perineum block anaesthesia combined with unprotected perineal delivery on the perineal integrity rate and maternal-infant outcomes in primiparas taking health products containing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods. A total of 120 puerperae admitted to our hospital from July 2019 to July 2020 were selected as study subjects and divided into group A (n = 60) and group B (n = 60), according to the number table method. Both groups took health products containing TCM, and the puerperae in group A received perineum block anaesthesia combined with unprotected perineal delivery, while those in group B were treated with routine delivery combined with routine protected perineal delivery. After that, the effect of different delivery modes on the perineal integrity rate and maternal-infant outcomes in puerperae was analyzed by the comparison of delivery condition, perineal condition, and postpartum quality of life between the two groups. Results. There were no significant differences in average age and other general data between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ); the duration in first, second, and third stages of labor in group A was significantly lower than that in group B ( P < 0.001 ); the Apgar score in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( P < 0.001 ); the number of puerperae with integrated perineum in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( P < 0.05 ), while the number of puerperae receiving episiotomy in group A was significantly lower than that in group B ( P < 0.05 ); the quality of life score in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( P < 0.001 ); the incidence of maternal postpartum complications in group A was significantly lower than that in group B ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Perineum block anaesthesia combined with unprotected perineal delivery can effectively shorten maternal labor duration, improve perineal integrity rate, and reduce laceration of perineum, with a significant therapeutic effect, which is worthy of application and promotion.

ASSOCIATION OF PRE-PREGNANCY AND PREGNANCY BODY MASS INDEX WITH LABOR DURATION

Introduction Excessive body mass index may have adverse effects on the health of women in their perinatal period. Regular physical activity contributes to body mass control. Aim To determine the association of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy BMIs with labor duration in primi- and multiparas. Also, to determine the proportions of pre-pregnancy BMI > 25 in women after cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries. Material and methods Data of 54 women on a postpartum day 3 to 5 (29 primiparas: 17 after vaginal and 12 after cesarean deliveries; 25 multiparas: 15 after vaginal and 10 after cesarean deliveries). Demographic data collected from the patient’s history included body height, pre-pregnancy and pre-labor body mass, mode of delivery, duration of labor and its second stage, number of deliveries. Pre-pregnancy and pre-labor BMIs were calculated. Results In primiparas, there was a moderate positive correlation between pre-pregnancy and pre-labor BMIs and the labor duration (r = 0.56, p = 0.02; r = 0.65, p = 0.005, respectively). Multiparas did not exhibit a significant correlation between the BMIs and the labor duration (p > 0.05). Neither of the subgroups showed a significant correlation between pre-pregnancy and prelabor BMIs and the duration of the second stage of labor (p > 0.05). Among women after vaginal deliveries, 15.6% had pre-pregnancy BMI > 25; the respective proportion was 22.7% in women after cesarean sections. Conclusions Primiparas with greater pre-pregnancy and pre-labor BMIs were more likely to have a longer labor. The proportion of pre-pregnancy BMI > 25 was higher for cesarean compared to vaginal deliveries. Physical activity should be promoted in women planning pregnancy to help control BMI. Keywords: mirror foot, resection of foot radius, deformation classification

Analysis of Factors Associated With Variability and Acidosis of the Umbilical Artery pH at Birth

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a significant contributing factor for neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical factors associated with umbilical artery pH variability and fetal acidosis at birth.Methods: This is a single center cross-sectional study in a public regional hospital in southeastern Spain from January to December 2019. The reference population was 1.655 newborns, final sample of 312 experimental units with validated values of umbilical cord blood pH.Results: Factors such as gestational age at term (X̄at-term: 7.26 ± 0.08-X̄no-at−term: 7.31 ± 0.05, p: 0.00), primiparity (X̄primiparity: 7.24 ± 0.078-X̄multiparity: 7.27 ± 0.08, p: 0.01), induced labor (X̄induced: 7.24 ± 0.07-X̄spontaneous: 7.26 ± 0.081, p: 0.02), vaginal delivery (X̄vaginal:7.25 ± 0.08-X̄cesarean:7.27 ± 0.07, p: 0.01), and prolonged dilation duration (X̄AboveAverage: 7.22 ± 0.07-X̄BelowAverage: 7.27 ± 0.08, p: 0.00), expulsion duration (X̄AboveAverage: 7.23 ± 0.07-X̄BelowAverage: 7.26 ± 0.08, p: 0.01), and total labor duration (X̄AboveAverage: 7.23 ± 0.07-X̄BelowAverage: 7.27 ± 0.08, p: 0.00) are associated with a decrease in umbilical artery pH at birth. However, only three factors are associated with acidosis pH (&lt;7.20) of the umbilical artery at birth: the induction of labor [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 0.98–3.10); p: 0.04], vaginal delivery [OR: 2.09 (95% CI: 0.95–4.61); p: 0.04], and total duration of labor [OR: 2.06 (95% CI: 1.18–3.57); p: 0.01].Conclusions: Although several factors may affect the variability of umbilical artery pH at birth by decreasing their mean values (gestational age, primiparity, induced labor, vaginal delivery and prolonged: dilation duration, expulsion duration and total labor duration), only induction of labor, vaginal delivery and total duration of labor are associated with an acidosis (&lt;7.20) of same.

Effect of Prenatal Yoga on Duration of the First Stage of Labor and Perineal Rupture in Primigravida Mothers

In primigravidas, the first stage of labor has a longer duration than multiparous. The first stage of labor in primiparous is around 13-14 hours, while in multiparous it is about 7 hours. Prolonged labor is one of the causes of maternal death. Yoga in pregnancy can maintain elasticity and strength of the ligaments of the pelvis, hips, and leg muscles, so that it can reduce pain during labor and provide space for the birth canal. The comparative analytical research method used pre-experimental design with the one shot case study design. With a sample of 26 trimesters III primigravida pregnant women who were divided into 2 groups, namely n = 13 groups who did prenatal yoga, and n = 13 groups who did not do prenatal yoga. The analysis of this research was univariate and bivariate using the Mann Whitney test. Assessment is carried out during the delivery process. As a result, the intervention and control groups with active phase I labor duration obtained p = 0.000, and perineal rupture p = 0.000. There was a significant difference in the length of the first stage of labor and perineal rupture between the yoga group and the non-yoga group. Prenatal yoga affects the duration of the first stage of labor and perineal rupture.

A Comparison of Tramadol and Pethidine Analgesia on the Duration of Labour

Background: A standard obstetric analgesic should have a good analgesic effect without reducing the intensity of uterine contraction. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of intramuscular tramadol and pethidine on labor pain and duration. Material and Methods: A total of 170 multigravida women in active labor were randomly assigned to two identical groups, so that 85 pregnant women received pethidine (50mg/2ml) and 85 pregnant women received tramadol (100mg/2ml) intramuscularly. Results: The labor duration in the tramadol group was shorter than in the pethidine group. In 1st stage of labor, 64.7% of the participants in the tramadol group received the drug for 120±30 minutes, while 67.1% in the pethidine group received the drug for 180±30 minutes. In the 2nd stage, 44.7% of the participants in the tramadol group received the drug for 15±5 minutes, while 51.8% in the pethidine group received the drug for 25±5 minutes. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used before, and 1 and 3 hours after drug administration. The pethidine group obtained a lower VAS mean score compared to those in the tramadol group at 1 hour after drug administration (4 vs 6; P≤.001). Moreover, there was a significant higher level of vomiting and dizziness among women in the pethidine group (29.4% vs 1.2%; P≤.001). Conclusion: Tramadol appears to lead to a shorter labor duration and cause lower maternal side-effects, although its analgesic efficacy was not as much as pethidine.